scholarly journals Lipid peroxidation system-antioxidant protection and the role of its disorders in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and angiopathies

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
A. I. Lyajfer ◽  
M. N. Solun
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Angiopathies ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Peroxidation Processes

The urgency of the problem of diabetic angiopathies is highlighted by the fact that among patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus under the age of 20 years mortality rate is 7 times higher than the average mortality among the General population, and after reaching 20 years, the average annual risk of mortality is 20 times higher than the total population. Recently, in the study of many pathological conditions, considerable attention has been paid to structurally functional changes in cell membranes. The severity and duration of membrane-damaging processes in the body determine the clinical severity and features of the course of many diseases. Membrane destruction as a pathological phenomenon is primarily due to the involvement of cell membrane lipids in lipid peroxidation processes, which leads to a change in lipid-protein bonds, the strength of the complex of enzymes and other membrane macromolecules, damage to nucleic acids, and impaired cellular metabolism.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of membranoreceptor function disturbances in pregnant patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N P Mikaelyan ◽  
Yu. A. Knyazev ◽  
A. G. Maxina ◽  
V. A. Petrukhin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Studies of membranoreceptor system in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus revealed that insulin resistance in pregnant patients with type I diabetes is caused by disordered cellular sensitivity to threshold physiological and submaximal insulin doses, whereas the maximal doses of the hormone normalize glucose consumption by the cells. High insulin doses intensify lipid peroxidation, normalize the status of membranous proteins, reduce the number of thiol groups, reduce AOA level in membranes, and, hence, reduce membranous capacity to bind active peroxide radicals. Structural and functional changes in red cell membranes are associated with reduced affinity of insulin receptors, reduction in the number of insulin-binding sites in membranes, this disordering intracellular effects of insulin.

scholarly journals Impact of Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awadhesh K Arya ◽  
Deepa Pokharia ◽  
Hemant Kumar ◽  
Manish Mishra ◽  
Kamlakar Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Diabetes Progression

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder. It is the most common cause of blindness, kidney failure, and amputations in adults and a leading cause of heart disease and stroke. These patients are more prone to infection which shows that there is suppressed cell mediated immunity during diabetes progression. Lymphocytes play a crucial role in  maintenance of cellular & humoral immunity both and its development requires cellular selection to remove potentially auto reactive cells via apoptosis. Apoptosis of lymphocyte clones play a pivotal role in purging the body of dangerous lymphocytes to maintain the development and regulation of the immune system. Indeed, inefficient elimination of lymphocytes can contribute in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Several clinical and experimental studies have revealed that uncontrolled diabetes leads to lymphocyte death which enhances susceptibility towards infections and creates a permissive environment for bacterial growth. The aim of this article is to review the findings that the high incidence of infection in poorly  controlled diabetic states may be positively correlated with an increased proportion of apoptotic lymphocytes. Keywords: Lymphocyte; Infection; Programmed cell death; Autoantigens; Immunity   DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v2i1.3516 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 1-6

FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN ANTITHROMBIN III IN INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sandbjerg Hansen ◽  
B Milner Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Insulin Dependent

The thrombin neutralizing activity of Antithrombin III (AT) was measured in a group of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. All patients evaluated had diabetes of several years duration. Their blood glucose control was unsatisfactory as evidenced by relative concentrations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 9.6-14.0% determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The plasma AT-activity was estimated as thrombin neutralizing activity using the chromogenic substrate Th-1.The group of diabetic patients had a higher AT-activity than a reference group, but normal AT-concentrations by electro-immunoassay. The treatment of the patient samples with neuraminidase caused a greater fall in the AT-activity than did the treatment of normal samples. The patient samples had a slower mobility in crossed affino-immunoelectrophoresis using immobilized helix pomatia lectin in the first dimension and specific antibodies against AT in the second dimension. The mobility of patient AT, also in complex with thrombin, was indistinguishable from normal AT in crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the presence or absence of heparin.It is concluded that long-term dysregulation of diabetes mellitus may induce functional changes in the plasma antithrombin activity.

Antioxidant Status and Lipid Peroxidation in Type II Diabetes Mellitus with and without Complications

1996 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjini K. Sundaram ◽  
Anusha Bhaskar ◽  
Selvamani Vijayalingam ◽  
Moopil Viswanathan ◽  
Rema Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent

1. This study was conducted on 467 cases of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 180 healthy controls. Lipid peroxidation products in plasma and erythrocytes were assayed as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, along with the erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, scavenger vitamins A, C and E and reduced glutathione levels in blood were also measured. 2. Lipid peroxidation was significantly raised within the first 2 years of diagnosis, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and vitamins C and E were significantly lowered. 3. These changes were correlated with the duration of the disease and were of a higher magnitude with the development of complications. 4. The results suggest that the antioxidant deficiency and excessive peroxide-mediated damage may appear early on in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, before the development of secondary complications.

scholarly journals The use of second generation sulfonylurea agents and the role of glurenorm in the therapy of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
M. I. Balabolkin ◽  
L. B. Nedosugova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Sulfonylurea Drugs

Sulfonylurea drugs stimulate the 1st phase of insulin secretion, activate adenylate cyclase, inhibit phosphodiesterase or cause prolonged depolarization of the beta cell membrane. The peripheral effect of the hypoglycemic action of sulfonylurea drugs is mediated through the effect on insulin receptors. It is clearly shown that sulfonylureas lead to an increase in the number of receptors on target cells (hepatocytes, muscle and adipose tissue, lymphocytes and other cells). It is known that patients with type II diabetes mellitus have a decrease in both the number of receptors and their affinity. The increase in the number of receptors on the membrane of target cells is not due to their de novo synthesis, but by improving the return of the receptor to the membrane from the cytosol, where they are translocated as an insulin-receptor complex after the interaction of insulin with the corresponding receptor. One of the sulfonylurea drugs of the second generation is Gliquidone (glurenorm). This drug has one advantage, distinguishing it from other sulfonylurea drugs. About 95% of the drug is excreted from the body through the gastrointestinal tract, and only 5% is extracted by the kidneys. Therefore, it is the drug of choice in the treatment of diabetic patients with nephropathy, given the fact that the drug is metabolized in the liver and eliminated through the bile ducts into the intestine. Naturally, the question arises of the possibility of its influence on the liver function of patients who have been receiving long-term treatment with glurenorm.

scholarly journals STUDY OF LIPID PEROXIDE AND LIPID PROFILE IN DIABETES MELLITUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
Divya Sinha ◽  
S. R. Padmeodev ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent

The study was designed to find out the correlation between lipid peroxidation, lipoprotein levels to severity and complication of diabetes mellitus. Degree of lipid peroxidation was measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) along with lipid profile and blood glucose in diabetes mellitus. It is categorised into insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and diabetes mellitus(DM) with complication. Total 112 known diabetic cases and 52 non-diabetic controls were studied. These cases were grouped as per the concentration of fasting blood glucose level i.e. controlled, poorly controlled, and uncontrolled group. There are significant increase in the lipid peroxide (MDA) and lipid profile except HDL cholesterol which is decreased, has been found in all groups as compared to controls. In NIDDM group lipid peroxidation was markedly increased than IDDM group and it was higher in DM with complications. Other finding observed was that the level of lipid peroxide increased as per the increase in concentration of blood glucose. The increase lipid peroxidation in the hyperglycemic condition may be explained, as the superoxide dismutase enzyme which is antioxidant becomes inactive due the formation of superoxide radical within the cell. Maximum lipid peroxidation leads to the damage of the tissue and organs which results into complication in diabetic cases. High levels of total cholesterol appear due to increased cholesterol synthesis. The triglyceride levels changes according to the glycemic control. The increase may be due to overproduction of VLDL-TG. It is concluded that good metabolic control of hyperglycemia will prevent in alteration in peroxidation and the lipid metabolism, which may help in good prognosis and preventing manifestation of vascular and secondary complication in diabetes mellitus

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