scholarly journals Active avoidance training of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-50
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Zaraiskaya ◽  
Ye. A. Alexandrova ◽  
A. O. Lukashev ◽  
N. A. Shvyrkova
Keyword(s):  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Defense Behavior ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stimulation Of

Specific features of training the rats in a new form of defense behavior in insulin deficiency in animal body were under study. Experiments were carried out with 51 male Wistar rats, 24 of these with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The method of bilateral active avoidance with acoustic signal stimulation, followed by electric stimulation of the skin, was employed. The curves of training, reflecting the time course of the number of effective behavioral acts, were analyzed, and the parameters of the shape of the individual curves of training estimated to classify the animals, making use of analysis of factors. A significant variability of the examined individual parameters of training was associated with the absence of noticeable differences in the approximated results of examinations of intact and streptozotocin-treated rats. Analysis of factors helped single out a group of rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes among the groups of animals that were characterized by similar training parameters, that could sooner learn a new habit after a longer latent period as against intact animals.

EFFECT OF AMINOGUANIDINE ON CATARACTOGENESIS IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES MELLITUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
A. A Spasov ◽  
Yulia A. Govorova ◽  
L. V Naumehko ◽  
D. A Babkov ◽  
A. S Taran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Cataract Formation ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Nonenzymatic Glycosylation ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Nonenzymatic glycosylation of lens proteins in diabetes mellitus is one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of cataract formation. According to the results of this study, aminoguanidine, which has anti-glycation activity, inhibits cataractogenesis in experimental diabetes. Laboratory animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus treated with aminoguanidine showed less clouding in the lenses, and the content of advanced glycation end products, in particular, carboxymethyllysine, in the lenses was found to be reduced compared to the same parameters in animals from the control diabetic group.

The influence of the hypoglycemic agent glycorazmulin on the functional state of mitochondria in the rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
M I Asrarov ◽  
M K Pozilov ◽  
N A Ergaschev ◽  
M M Rachmatullaeva
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Permeability Transition Pore ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agent ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Swelling Rate ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

We have studied the state of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), respiration, and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria of the liver and pancreas of the rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In addition, we considered the approaches to the correction of membraneous lesions with the help of glycorazmulin, a hypoglycemic preparation based on mumiyo (Jew's tar) and an extract from rhodiola roots and tubers (Rhodiola Semenovii A.). The mitochondria swelling rate in the liver and pancreas of the rats with experimental diabetes mellitus is known to be lower than in the unaffected animals; in other words, hepatic and pancreatic megapores in case of pathology remain open. Glycorazmulin normalizes their state and thereby eliminates the effect of spreptozotocin on mitochondria. The mitochondrial respiration rate in the liver and pancreas of the rats with experimental diabetes inceases at states V3 and V4 which results in a significant decrease of respiratory and ADP/O coefficients compared with the control values. The results of the study suggest decoupling of respiration from oxidative phosphorylation in the rats with experimental diabetes. Glycorazmulin administered per os at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. during 8 days eliminated functional disorders of mitochondria in the liver and pancreas of the rats, presumably by virtue of its antioxidative properties.

scholarly journals Morphological Characteristics of Changes in the Duodenal Wall Within 14-56 Days of the Development of Streptozotocin-Induced Experimental Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. E2020413
Author(s):  
Ihor Bilinskyi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Duodenal Wall ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

The objective of the research was to determine the morphological features of the duodenal wall of animals within 14-56 days of developing streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus using light optical microscopy. Materials and Methods. The research was carried out on 40 white nonlinear adult male rats. Diabetes mellitus was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (Sigma, USA) at a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight. The material was taken from the duodenum on the 14th, 28th and the 56th days after the onset of experimental diabetes mellitus. For histological study, the preparations were made using the conventional method, which included the staining of sections with hematoxylin and eosin. Results. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus was experimentally found to lead to dystrophic changes in the epithelial components of the duodenal mucosa from the 14th day of developing. There were observed a shortening of the villi of the mucous membrane and a lack of distinctness of striated border contours on the apical surface of epitheliocytes. Between the connective-tissue fibers of the lamina propria of the mucosa and thin-walled vessels, the cellular elements, including mainly macrophages, lymphocytes, were found. There was a shortening of the villi, edema and histiolymphocytic infiltration of the villous stroma 28 days after developing experimental diabetes mellitus. The epithelium covering was discontinuous; numerous areas of desquamation were found at the apex of the villi. Fifty-six days after developing experimental diabetes mellitus, the destruction and desquamation of the epithelium of the villi and crypts were observed. The surface of the duodenal mucosa smoothed down due to the shortening and flattening of the villi (indicating their atrophy), while the crypts elongated and their depth increased. Conclusions. Histological study of the duodenal wall of diabetic animals showed pronounced desquamation at the apex of the villi, destructive and dystrophic changes in the surface epithelium, edema and increased cellular infiltration of the lamina propria of the mucosa. Thus, in diabetes mellitus, structural changes in the duodenal wall of rats are characterized by the dystrophic processes, which can be considered as the morphological reflection of enteropathy.

scholarly journals Radiocalcium Release by Stimulated and Potassium-Treated Sartorius Muscles of the Frog

1960 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Shanes ◽  
C. P. Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Sartorius Muscle ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Potassium Depolarization ◽  
Rate Of Escape ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stimulation Of

Stimulation of frog (Rana pipiens) sartorius muscle accelerates release of Ca45, but only during the period of stimulation. No appreciable difference is obtained in the calcium released per impulse whether stimulation is at a rate of 20/sec. or 0.5/sec. However, prior stimulation may appreciably increase the loss per impulse. In unfatigued muscles, the minimum amount of calcium liberated during an isotonic twitch is estimated to be about that previously calculated to enter, viz. 0.2 µµmole/cm2. The time course of radiocalcium release during potassium depolarization depends on the nature of the contracture. When contracture is isometric, the rate of escape is doubled and declines only slowly; if isotonic, the rate is quadrupled but declines in a few minutes to a level maintained at about double that before potassium. The minimal calcium release during the first 10 minutes of potassium treatment is estimated to be about the same in both cases and about one-half to one-third the uptake. This, and especially the close equality of calcium entry and exit during electrical stimulation, are pointed out as not necessarily inconsistent with a transitory net entry of calcium, comparable to the influx, into restricted regions of the individual fibers.

Role of nitric oxide in intrarenal hemodynamics in experimental diabetes mellitus in rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. R725-R733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel C. Pflueger ◽  
Timothy S. Larson ◽  
Siegfried Hagl ◽  
Franklyn G. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vasa Recta ◽  
Nondiabetic Control ◽  
Stimulation Of

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of the intrarenal microcirculation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus in rats is not clear. We examined renal cortical and papillary hemodynamics in STZ rats and determined the effects of systemic inhibition and stimulation of NO synthesis. Renal blood flow in cortical (QCC), and inner medullary ascending (QAV) and descending (QDV) vasa recta capillaries was measured by fluorescence videomicroscopy in STZ Munich-Wistar rats and nondiabetic control rats. Ten days after STZ injection (80 mg/kg ip), basal QCC and QDV were significantly greater in STZ rats ( n = 16) compared with control rats ( n = 15). Infusion of N G-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA, 15 mg/kg bolus, 500 μg ⋅ min−1 ⋅ kg−1iv) decreased QCC (−41%), QAV (−38%), and QDV (−37%) in control rats ( n = 6) and to a significantly greater magnitude than in STZ rats ( n = 7), QCC (−14%), QAV (−20%), and QDV (−25%). Coinfusion ofl-arginine (l-Arg, 1 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1iv) with l-NMMA increased QCC to a significantly greater extent ( P < 0.01) in control rats compared with STZ rats. In subsequent studies, infusion ofl-Arg alone increased QCC (+50%), QAV (+16%), and QDV (+11%) in control rats ( n = 5) but had no effect in STZ rats ( n = 5). These results show that the response of renal cortical and papillary capillary blood flow to both inhibition and stimulation of NO synthesis is attenuated in the early onset of STZ-diabetes mellitus rats compared with control rats.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional structure of the lingual papillae of healthy rats and rats with experimental diabetes mellitus (in the context of mechanism of development of diabetic glossitis)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
S. L. Popel’ ◽  
O. V. Baskevich ◽  
V. M. Zhurakіvskyi ◽  
O. Y. Zhurakіvska ◽  
I. V. Melnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Diabetic Microangiopathy ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Lingual Papillae ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Filiform Papillae

We studied the three-dimensional structure and patterns of distribution of the lingual papillae of healthy rats (the norm) and their changes in the process of development of diabetes mellitus І type. The research was conducted on 65 laboratory rats of the Weestar line. The research investigated the mucus shell and the microcirculatory network of the tongue. The distribution and three-dimensional structure of the papillae of the tongue were studied using a scanning electron microscope. It was found that there are 5 morphological subspecies of filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of body of the tongue: true filifom, flattened, thin and giant conical and brush-like. Isolated fungiform papillaе are unevenly distributed between filiform papillaе. The dorso-lateral edge of the dorsal lingual surface is covered by foliate papillae. The unique oval papilla vallate is located in the back-end of the middle line of the root of the tongue. The far back of the root of the tongue lacks papillae, is flattened and covered by squamous formations. The distribution and types of lingual papillae is similar in rats to other rodents. In the process of development of diabetic glossitis a reduction in the height of different types of papillae of the tongue was observed, and an increase in the amount of keratinized mass, which plays a role in the fixation of microflora on the surface of the mucus shell, which as a result may lead to development of inflammatory process in the tongues of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus. The stages of morphological and morphometric changes in the mucus shell and microcirculatory network of the tongues of rats with diabetes mellitus were investigated, the characteristic signs of these changes were marked. On the basis of morpho-functional changes of the tongues of rats with experimental streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus, two stages of development of pathomorphological changes were distinguished: 1) reactive changes (2–4th week) and 2) destructive processes (6–8th week). At the end of the first stage there was a reduction in height of the filiform papillae and width of mushroom-like papillae in the mucus shell of the tongue, an increase in its keratinization, a considerable reduction in the number of cells in the deeper layers of the epithelium of the tongue and the adsorption capacity of superficial epіtheliocites diminished, a significant reduction in the diameter of path clearance of all departments of the microcirculatory network is traced here. At the end of the secondary stage, there was a reduction in the sizes of all papillae of the back of the tongue, in all links of the microcirculatory network there was a development of diabetic microangiopathy which is characterized: by narrowing of the arterial and exchange links on a background expansion of capacity link. The question of influencing the pathological process in the vessels of the microcirculatory network on the state of the mucus shell of the tongue in animals with experimental streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus is discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of thePENTAPHYLLOIDES FRUTICOSA l.lInIment on tba-actIve products and antIoxIdant status In wound InjurIes assocIated wIth experImental dIabetes mellItus

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 126-128
Author(s):  
Бальхаев ◽  
Mikhail Balkhaev ◽  
Гармаев ◽  
Bato-Tsyren Garmaev ◽  
Хитрихеев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pentaphylloides Fruticosa ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of the liniment from Pentaphylloides fruticosa L. on lipid peroxidation in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus accompanied by wound process.The liniment was developed with the use of NanoDeBee30 device. Experiments were carried out on white male Wistar rats. Experimental diabetes mellitus was simulated by a single intraperitoneal introduction of alloxan in a dose of 100mg/kg. The skin injury was simulated by inflicting planar wounds 2.0×2.0cm in size. 5mg of the 5%-liniment from Pentaphylloides fruticosa was put on the wounds of the first experimental group once a day for 14 days. The sec-ond experimental group was treated by the preparation of comparison – balsamic liniment. The wounds of the control group were treated with glycerin-lanolin ointment. On the 7th, 14th and 21st day the concentration of TBA-active products in the blood serum was determined to estimate the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes; the contents of reduced glutathione and catalase activity were determined to evaluate the antioxidant status. The results of the experiments verify the marked curative effect of the liniment from Pentaphylloides fruticosa L. on the healing of the wounds on the background of experimental diabetes mellitus in rats

Influence of stable iodine on the uptake of the thyroid – model vs. experiment

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Wellner ◽  
E. Voth ◽  
H. Schicha ◽  
K. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Iodine Supply ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stable Iodine

Summary Aim: The influence of physiological and pharmacological amounts of iodine on the uptake of radioiodine in the thyroid was examined in a 4-compartment model. This model allows equations to be derived describing the distribution of tracer iodine as a function of time. The aim of the study was to compare the predictions of the model with experimental data. Methods: Five euthyroid persons received stable iodine (200 μg, 10 mg). 1-123-uptake into the thyroid was measured with the Nal (Tl)-detector of a body counter under physiological conditions and after application of each dose of additional iodine. Actual measurements and predicted values were compared, taking into account the individual iodine supply as estimated from the thyroid uptake under physiological conditions and data from the literature. Results: Thyroid iodine uptake decreased from 80% under physiological conditions to 50% in individuals with very low iodine supply (15 μg/d) (n = 2). The uptake calculated from the model was 36%. Iodine uptake into the thyroid did not decrease in individuals with typical iodine supply, i.e. for Cologne 65-85 μg/d (n = 3). After application of 10 mg of stable iodine, uptake into the thyroid decreased in all individuals to about 5%, in accordance with the model calculations. Conclusion: Comparison of theoretical predictions with the measured values demonstrated that the model tested is well suited for describing the time course of iodine distribution and uptake within the body. It can now be used to study aspects of iodine metabolism relevant to the pharmacological administration of iodine which cannot be investigated experimentally in humans for ethical and technical reasons.

Adrenergic Stimulation of Regional Plasminogen Activator Release in Rabbits

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (05) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
W L Chandler ◽  
S C Loo ◽  
D Mornin
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Beta Blocker ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Epinephrine Administration ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Stimulation Of

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine whether different regions of the rabbit vascular system show variations in the rate of plasminogen activator (PA) secretion. To start, we evaluated the time course, dose response and adrenergic specificity of PA release. Infusion of 1 µg/kg of epinephrine stimulated a 116 ± 60% (SD) increase in PA activity that peaked 30 to 60 s after epinephrine administration. Infusion of 1 µg/kg of norepinephrine, isoproterenol and phenylephrine had no effect on PA activity. Pretreatment with phentolamine, an alpha adrenergic antagonist, blocked the release of PA by epinephrine while pretreatment with the beta blocker propranolol had no effect. This suggests that PA release in the rabbit was mediated by some form of alpha receptor.Significant arterio-venous differences in basal PA activity were found across the pulmonary and splanchnic vascular beds but not the lower extremity/pelvic bed. After stimulation with epinephrine, PA activity increased 46% across the splanchnic bed while no change was seen across the lower extremity/pelvic bed. We conclude that several vascular beds contribute to circulating PA activity in the rabbit, and that these beds secrete PA at different rates under both basal and stimulated conditions.

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