Effect of garlic and ginger extracts on the levels of glucose and Peptide-c in diabetic mice: تأثير مستخلصي الثوم والزنجبيل في مستوى سكر الدم والببتيد c عند الفئران المستحدث عندها داء السكري

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the alcoholic extract of garlic and ginger together on the levels of glucose, peptide -c and body weight in diabetic white mice. The study included 40 male white mice, Balb/c strain, which were divided into four experimental groups (10 mice in each group). The first group was a physiological control that was injected with physiological saline (0.9%) until the end of the experiment. As for the second group, diabetes was induced with a dose of 200 mg/kg of Alloxan hydrate weight of the mouse only, while the third group developed diabetes, and then it was treated with alcoholic extract of garlic and ginger together at a dose of 500 mg/kg of mouse weight for 10 days. While the fourth group developed diabetes and was treated with Glibenclamide. At the end of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized and blood was drawn from them by cardiocentesis. The results showed the effectiveness of garlic and ginger extracts in reducing blood glucose concentration by 35.75% and returning Peptide-c levels to their normal levels, equivalent to Glibenclamide (glyburide), which is known as an oral hypoglycemic agent.

A Review on Hyperglycemia: Symptoms and Risk Factors

Background: The term "hyperglycemia" is derived from the Greek hyper (top) + glykys (sugar/sugar) + haima (blood). Extra sugar varies from one hundred and twenty-five mg / dL and is faster and more noticeable than one hundred and eighty mg / metric unit a couple of hours after meals. The patient has decreased resistance to aldohexose, or prediabetes, with rapid plasma aldohexose 100 mg / dL one hundred and twenty-five mg / dL. The patient is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, more noticeable than one hundred and twenty-five mg / metric dose units. As long as the symptom is not treated, it will create a variety of dangerous complications that include pain in the care, kidneys, nerves, heart, and vascular structure. Objectives: To define the number of children in the past to assess whether symptoms have been given or not and whether this is often associated with a PIM pair difficulty index. Methods: Recurrent analysis, patients between one month and fifteen years The World Health Organization recognizes care for septic shock, between the month of the Gregorian calendar 2008 and Oct 2010. -aldohexose> 126 mg / dl. Patients were diagnosed according to age, gender, illness, and glucose levels when treated, 24, forty-eight, and seventy-two hrs Results: Out of 25 patients, 16 PF had symptoms, one patient had a glucose level> 200 mg /dl, and only one patient needed a hypoglycemic agent, usually between seventy-two hours and admission. Conclusions: The World Health Organization's gift of septic shock occurs at a lower rate, and people have developed the World Health Organization, a self-administered gift of traditional blood sugar levels of 72 hours while not requiring hypoglycemic agent administration. Patients with symptoms had a higher mortality rate of PIM pairs, thus increasing mortality.

Resistance Exercise Reduces the Necessity for Hypoglycemic Agent (Humulin) in Overweight Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is currently treated with blood sugar monitoring, nutritional supplements, increased fatal police work, and hypoglycemic agent medical help PRN to achieve and maintain normoglycemia. Even though humulin therapy has been demonstrated to reduce low birth weight in women with GDM, using hypoglycemic drugs is likely challenging and may not address peripheral hypoglycemic agent resistance, which is a critical role in the development of GDM. Furthermore, the use of aggressive low blood sugar medication therapy may result in a twofold rise in the amount of small-for-gestational-age infants. The resistance exercise was used in overweight women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Because resistance exercise increase the lean body muscle or decrease the body fat and Resistance exercise is an effective glycaemic management and cardio metabolic health strategy. Methods: Fifteen patients with physiological condition DM were arbitrarily assigned whether it's to a group that received strength training or to a group that did not receive strength training to scale back the necessity for the hypoglycaemic agent. Results: Despite therapy, the number of girls who required hypoglycemic agent medical care has been the same. However, a meta-analysis with only overweight girls (pre-pregnancy BMI) revealed that the exercise cluster used to have a lower rate of hypoglycemic medication use (P<05) than that of the non-exercise receiving patients. Conclusion: Resistance exercise coaching might facilitate to avoid hypoglycaemic agent medical aid for pregnant overweight girls with physiological state diabetes

Starting triple oral hypoglycemic agent therapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is a suitable therapeutic strategy to lower HbA1c when insulin therapy is not desired

A clinical decision report using: Søfteland E, Meier JJ, Vangen B, Toorawa R, Maldonado-Lutomirsky M, Broedl UC. Empagliflozin as Add-on Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Linagliptin and Metformin: A 24-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Trial. Diabetes Care. 2016;40(2):201-209. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1347 for a patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on metformin and sitagliptin and hesitant to begin insulin therapy.

Losartan Induced Hypoglycemia in the Absence of Diabetes Mellitus - a Concealed Diagnosis

Background: Losartan has been shown to attenuate symptomatic and hormonal responses to hypoglycemia in prior studies. This results predominantly from blocking AT-II receptors blunting the hypoglycemia-induced rise in plasma epinephrine predisposing them to hypoglycemia unawareness. To our knowledge, however there are no case reports describing losartan induced hypoglycemia in a nondiabetic patient. This abstract is the first description of a patient without diabetes mellitus experiencing severe hypoglycemia induced by the ARB, Losartan. Clinical Case: A 51- year old nondiabetic female was found to be somnolent and in acute respiratory failure. Blood sugar was 34 mg/dL. She received D10 by EMS while coming to the hospital. She was intubated and treated for atypical pneumonia based on bilateral interstitial infiltrates. She remained persistently hypoglycemic around 62 mg/dL. Her most recent A1c was 4.4%. Thyroid function was within normal limits. AM cortisol was 16.8 mcg/dL so there was no concern of adrenal insufficiency. She had no history of gastric bypass surgery. She underwent a 72-hour fast and developed symptomatic hypoglycemia. Her venous blood glucose at this time was 49 mg/dL. Her hypoglycemia panel obtained at this time showed C-peptide 0.7 ng/mL, total insulin 2.9 microU/mL, proinsulin 3.1 pmol/L, IGF 45 ng/mL and BHOB 13.5 mmol/L. Her oral hypoglycemic agent screen was negative. Based on levels that were obtained during the hypoglycemic episode, this correlated to a non-diagnostic study for conventionally described causes of hypoglycemia including exogenous insulin, insulinoma, NIPHS, PGBH, oral hypoglycemic agent, insulin autoimmune or IGF-mediated. Her medication list was analyzed again. We learnt that she had recently been started on losartan about a month prior to this admission for her heart failure management. On further review, the patient mentioned that she was noticing these hypoglycemic events in the last month and that seemed to coincide with when she was started on losartan. We subsequently held losartan which resulted in profound improvement in her glycemic control and her blood sugars improved to a range of 110–140 mg/dL consistently. She was discharged from hospital off losartan. Blood sugar was stable on repeat testing outpatient after discharge. Conclusion: This is the first case that demonstrates the role of losartan in causing severe hypoglycemia in patients without a history of diabetes mellitus. Discontinuation of losartan resulted in prompt improvement of hypoglycemia. Reference: (1) Deininger E, Oltmanns KM, Wellhoener P, Fruehwald-Schultes B, Kern W, Heuer B, Dominiak P, Born J, Fehm HL, Peters A. Losartan attenuates symptomatic and hormonal responses to hypoglycemia in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Oct;70(4):362–9. PMID: 11673752.

Technology of obtaining a food additive from citrullus colocynthis and its hypoglycemic activity

The aim of the study is to develop a technology for obtaining a food additive for the extract of the pulp of bitter watermelon - Citrullus colocynthis, introduced in Uzbekistan as a hypoglycemic agent. Pharmacological studies have shown the presence of a hypoglycemic effect for aqueous and alcoholic extracts and 2-O-β-glucopyranosyl-cucurbitacin E in rats with alloxan diabetes mellitus. Cucurbitacins were isolated from the extract - cucurbitacin E, 2-O-β-glucopyranosyl-cucurbitacin E and other bioactive substances. The food supplement obtained from bitter watermelon (Citrullus colocynthis (family Cucurbitaceae)) according to the developed technology showed a higher hypoglycemic activity compared to the drug arfazetin.

INFLUENCE OF THIOCTIC ACID N LABORATORY INDICATORS OF CARBOHYDRATE EXCHANGE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS

The work is devoted to assessing the effect of thioctic acid on the main laboratory parameters of carbohydrate metabolism (blood glucose, C-peptide and insulin levels, glycated hemoglobin) in diabetes mellitus against the background of glucose-lowering therapy with metformin hydrochloride. The studies were conducted with the participation of 32 volunteers aged 52 to 63 years, 26 of whom type II diabetes mellitus proceeded with III-degree obesity. At the time of the study, all patients were taking metformin hydrochloride (MH) as a hypoglycemic agent. The experiment was carried out for 3 months. All study participants were divided into groups: the first group - the control group, who took only MG 850 mg once a day for; the second group, patients with normal body weight, who took metformin hydrochloride 850 mg and thioctic acid (TA) 600 mg per day; the third group - obese patients receiving the test compound at the same dosage. After 3 months of treatment, all patients underwent biochemical blood tests for the following parameters: blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C-peptide and insulin levels. The results obtained indicate that thioctic acid contributed to a more pronounced decrease in carbohydrate metabolism in comparison with the group of patients receiving only MH as a hypoglycemic agent. It was noted that the normalization of the studied parameters was expressed in the group of patients with normal body weight. Thus, the additional introduction of thioctic acid into the treatment regimen for patients with type II diabetes mellitus contributes to a more effective decrease in carbohydrate metabolism and compensation of the disease in comparison with standard therapy.