scholarly journals Repaglinide is a new oral sugar-lowering drug in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
M. I. Balabolkin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Lowering Drug ◽  
Stimulation Of

Sulfonylureas are the main group of drugs used to treat type II diabetes mellitus. These drugs belong to insulin secretogens and their main hypoglycemic effect is associated with stimulation of the formation and release of insulin from pancreatic islets.

scholarly journals Synergistic Hypoglycemic Effects of Pumpkin Polysaccharides and Puerarin on Type II Diabetes Mellitus Mice

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Chen ◽  
Lei Qian ◽  
Bujiang Wang ◽  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Type Ii

To investigate the hypoglycemic effect and potential mechanism of pumpkin polysaccharides and puerarin on type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice, mice were fed a high-fat diet and injected intraperitoneally with streptozotacin to induce T2DM. After eight weeks of drug administration, blood samples were withdrawn from tail veins of mice that had been fasted overnight. The results showed that both pumpkin polysaccharides and puerarin, as well as a pumpkin polysaccharides and puerarin combination, could ameliorate T2DM. The pumpkin polysaccharides and puerarin combination had a synergetic hypoglycemic effect on T2DM mice that was greater than the pumpkin polysaccharides’ or the puerarin’s hypoglycemic effect. Both the pumpkin polysaccharides and the puerarin were found to ameliorate the blood glucose tolerance and insulin resistance of T2DM mice. They showed lipid-lowering activity by reducing the total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels, and improving the high-density lipoprotein level. They had beneficial effects on the oxidative stress by decreasing the reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels, and increasing the glutathione level and the superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, the nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1, and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) levels were upregulated, and the Nrf2 and PI3K signalling pathways might be involved in the hypoglycemic mechanism. The combined administration of pumpkin polysaccharides and puerarin could synergistically ameliorate T2DM.

Hypoglycemic effect of hawthorn in type II diabetes mellitus rat model

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (13) ◽  
pp. 4557-4561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aili Aierken ◽  
Tina Buchholz ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Xiaoying Zhang ◽  
Matthias F Melzig
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Type Ii

scholarly journals Downregulation of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young Pathways in Human Pancreatic Islets from Hyperglycemic Donors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Taneera ◽  
Petter Storm ◽  
Leif Groop
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Maturity Onset Diabetes ◽  
Human Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Onset Diabetes

Although several molecular pathways have been linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis, it is uncertain which pathway has the most implication on the disease. Changes in the expression of an entire pathway might be more important for disease pathogenesis than changes in the expression of individual genes. To identify the molecular alterations in T2D, DNA microarrays of human pancreatic islets from donors with hyperglycemian=20and normoglycemian=58were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). About 178 KEGG pathways were investigated for gene expression changes between hyperglycemic donors compared to normoglycemic. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) pathways are downregulated in hyperglycemic donors, while proteasome and spliceosome pathways are upregulated. The mean centroid of gene expression of T2DM and MODY pathways was shown to be associated positively with insulin secretion and negatively with HbA1c level. To conclude, downregulation of T2DM and MODY pathways is involved in islet function and might be involved in T2D. Also, the study demonstrates that gene expression profiles from pancreatic islets can reveal some of the biological processes related to regulation of glucose hemostats and diabetes pathogenesis.

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