scholarly journals Downregulation of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young Pathways in Human Pancreatic Islets from Hyperglycemic Donors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Taneera ◽  
Petter Storm ◽  
Leif Groop
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Maturity Onset Diabetes ◽  
Human Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Onset Diabetes

Although several molecular pathways have been linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis, it is uncertain which pathway has the most implication on the disease. Changes in the expression of an entire pathway might be more important for disease pathogenesis than changes in the expression of individual genes. To identify the molecular alterations in T2D, DNA microarrays of human pancreatic islets from donors with hyperglycemian=20and normoglycemian=58were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). About 178 KEGG pathways were investigated for gene expression changes between hyperglycemic donors compared to normoglycemic. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) pathways are downregulated in hyperglycemic donors, while proteasome and spliceosome pathways are upregulated. The mean centroid of gene expression of T2DM and MODY pathways was shown to be associated positively with insulin secretion and negatively with HbA1c level. To conclude, downregulation of T2DM and MODY pathways is involved in islet function and might be involved in T2D. Also, the study demonstrates that gene expression profiles from pancreatic islets can reveal some of the biological processes related to regulation of glucose hemostats and diabetes pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Aberration of the modulatory functions of intronic microRNA hsa-miR-933 on its host gene ATF2 results in type II diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative disease development

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Bashar Mir Md. Khademul Islam ◽  
Eusra Mohammad ◽  
Md. Abdullah-Al-Kamran Khan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Intronic Mirnas ◽  
The Common ◽  
Host Genes

Abstract Background MicroRNAs are ~ 22-nucleotide-long biological modifiers that act as the post-transcriptional modulator of gene expression. Some of them are identified to be embedded within the introns of protein-coding genes, these miRNAs are called the intronic miRNAs. Previous findings state that these intronic miRNAs are co-expressed with their host genes. This co-expression is necessary to maintain the robustness of the biological system. Till to date, only a few experiments are performed discretely to elucidate the functional relationship between few co-expressed intronic miRNAs and their associated host genes. Results In this study, we have interpreted the underlying modulatory mechanisms of intronic miRNA hsa-miR-933 on its target host gene ATF2 and found that aberration can lead to several disease conditions. A protein-protein interaction network-based approach was adopted, and functional enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate the significantly over-represented biological functions and pathways of the common targets. Our approach delineated that hsa-miR-933 might control the hyperglycemic condition and hyperinsulinism by regulating ATF2 target genes MAP4K4, PRKCE, PEA15, BDNF, PRKACB, and GNAS which can otherwise lead to the development of type II diabetes mellitus. Moreover, we showed that hsa-miR-933 can regulate a target of ATF2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), to modulate the optimal expression of ATF2 in neuron cells to render neuroprotection for the inhibition of neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusions Our in silico model provides interesting resources for experimentations in a model organism or cell line for further validation. These findings may extend the common perception of gene expression analysis with new regulatory functionality.

scholarly journals Repaglinide is a new oral sugar-lowering drug in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
M. I. Balabolkin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Lowering Drug ◽  
Stimulation Of

Sulfonylureas are the main group of drugs used to treat type II diabetes mellitus. These drugs belong to insulin secretogens and their main hypoglycemic effect is associated with stimulation of the formation and release of insulin from pancreatic islets.

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