scholarly journals Age and sex epidemiology of obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Menshikova ◽  
Evgenia B. Babanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The City ◽  
Age And Sex

Background. Obesity by prevalence is equated to non-infectious epidemic. Conduction of epidemiological studies in different regions allows to assess the scale of the problem, to form and implement a program aimed at reducing this risk factor. Aim. To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the adult population of the city of Irkutsk depending on gender and age. Matherials and methods. The data of the survey of a representative sample of the adult population of Irkutsk, consisting of 3510 people, are analyzed. Based on the calculated BMI, a group of respondents with an overweight and obesity was identified. Results. The average age of respondents with a BMI over 25 kg/m2 was higher than average age in the population 48 and 40 years. The prevalence of BMI over 25 kg/m2 was diagnosed in 1551 respondents (44,2%): women 47.2% of men and 40.3% of the. Overweight was found in 27.8 %, obesity at 16.4%. While being overweight were more often registered in men, 29.8% and 26.2% and obesity in women is 21% and 10.5%. Conclusions. In the adult population of Irkutsk, we found a significant prevalence of overweight and obesity and determined its sex and age characteristics.

Age and sex epidemiology of obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Larisa V Menshikova ◽  
Evgenia B Babanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The City ◽  
Age And Sex

BACKGROUND. Obesity by prevalence is equated to non-infectious epidemic. Conduction of epidemiological studies in different regions allows to assess the scale of the problem, to form and implement a program aimed at reducing this risk factor. AIM. To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the adult population of the city of Irkutsk depending on gender and age. MATHERIALS AND METHODS. The data of the survey of a representative sample of the adult population of Irkutsk, consisting of 3510 people, are analyzed. Based on the calculated BMI, a group of respondents with an overweight and obesity was identified. RESULTS. The average age of respondents with a BMI over 25 kg/m2 was higher than average age in the population – 48 and 40 years. The prevalence of BMI over 25 kg/m2 was diagnosed in 1551 respondents (44,2%): women 47.2% of men and 40.3% of the. Overweight was found in 27.8 %, obesity at 16.4%. While being overweight were more often registered in men, 29.8% and 26.2% and obesity in women is 21% and 10.5%. CONCLUSIONS. In the adult population of Irkutsk, we found a significant prevalence of overweight and obesity and determined its sex and age characteristics.

scholarly journals A pattern of alcohol consumption among marijuana users in the adult population of the city of Gdańsk

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Maciej Brosz
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
The City

Alcohol and marijuana are the most commonly used psychoactive substances both in Europe and Poland. In the last four years the proportion of marijuana users in the adult population of Gdańsk has almost doubled: from 7.1% in 2015 to 14.1% in 2019. The surveys concerning the consumption of alcohol conducted every four years since 2007 indicate a significant fact: the proportion of people who drink is decreasing. However, this does not mean that they drink less or less often. A question elaborated in this article is whether marijuana users consume more or less alcohol than non-users. This article is based on the data collected in a questionnaire survey on alcohol and other psychoactive substance use conducted in Gdańsk in the autumn of 2019 on a representative sample of 1,004 adult residents of the city.

scholarly journals Adipokine Contribution to the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Azamar-Llamas ◽  
Gabriela Hernández-Molina ◽  
Bárbara Ramos-Ávalos ◽  
Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cartilage Explants ◽  
Metabolic Factors ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Cartilage Homeostasis ◽  
And Cartilage

Recent studies have shown that overweight and obesity play an important role in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). However, joint overload is not the only risk factor in this disease. For instance, the presence of OA in non-weight-bearing joints such as the hand suggests that metabolic factors may also contribute to its pathogenesis. Recently, white adipose tissue (WAT) has been recognized not only as an energy reservoir but also as an important secretory organ of adipokines. In this regard, adipokines have been closely associated with obesity and also play an important role in bone and cartilage homeostasis. Furthermore, drugs such as rosuvastatin or rosiglitazone have demonstrated chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in cartilage explants from patients with OA. Thus, it seems that adipokines are important factors linking obesity, adiposity, and inflammation in OA. In this review, we are focused on establishing the physiological mechanisms of adipokines on cartilage homeostasis and evaluating their role in the pathophysiology of OA based on evidence derived from experimental research as well as from clinical-epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Association between the SLC6A3 A1343G polymorphism and schizophrenia

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 716-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quirino Cordeiro ◽  
Jacqueline Siqueira-Roberto ◽  
Homero Vallada
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Exon 9

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the genetic component is an important risk factor for the development of schizophrenia. The genes that codify the different compounds of the dopaminergic system have created interest for molecular investigations in patients with schizophrenia because the antipsychotic drugs, especially those of first generation, act on this cerebral system. Thus the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association between a new single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6347) located in exon 9 of the protein transporter (SLC6A3) and schizophrenia. The distribution of the alleles and genotypes of the studied polymorphism was investigated in a sample of 235 patients and 834 controls matched by gender and age. There were statistical differences in the allelic (χ2=5.97, 1d.f. , p=0.01, OR=1.33-1.05<OR<1.69) and genotypic (χ2=6.56, 2d.f. , p=0.03) distributions between patients and controls. Thus the SLC6A3 A1343G polymorphism was associated to the SCZ phenotype in the investigated sample.

scholarly journals Proximity to Major Roadways is a Risk Factor for Airway Hyper-Responsiveness in Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Riley ◽  
Julie Wallace ◽  
Parameswaran Nair
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adult Asthmatic ◽  
The City

BACKGROUND: Proximity to major roads is reported to be associated with asthma and airway hyper-responsiveness in children. Similar studies using objective measurements in adults are not available in Canada.OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that adult asthmatic patients who live close to major roads and highways in an urban environment are at a risk of moderate to severe airway hyper-responsiveness.METHODS: Airway responsiveness was determined using methacholine bronchial provocation (PC20) tests in a cohort of 2625 patients who attended an outpatient clinic in Hamilton, Ontario. Patient addresses were geocoded in a geographic information system to determine proximity to major roads and highways. Multivariate linear and multinomial regression analyses were used to assess whether proximity to roads was a risk factor for airway hyper-responsiveness as measured by PC20methacholine.RESULTS: Patients who lived within 200 m of a major road had increased odds (OR 1.38 [95% CI 1.04 to 1.85]) of having moderate airway hyper-responsiveness (0.25 mg/mL <PC20<2.0 mg/mL) compared with having a normal response (PC20>16 mg/mL). Spatial analysis also revealed that the majority of patients with severe airway hyper-responsiveness lived within the urban core of the city while those with moderate to mild hyper-responsiveness were also dispersed in rural areas.CONCLUSIONS: In an adult population of patients attending an outpatient respiratory clinic in Hamilton, living close to major roadways was associated with an increased risk of moderate airway hyper-responsiveness. This correlation suggests that exposure to traffic emissions may provoke the pathology of airway hyper-responsiveness leading to variable airflow obstruction.

scholarly journals NEW REFERENCE PARAMETERS FOR BODY MASS INDEX IN CHILDREN AGED SIX TO TEN YEARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Sander Freitas ◽  
Marise Fagundes Silveira ◽  
José Jorge Francisco de Santana ◽  
Marcos Flávio Silveira Vasconcelos D’Ângelo ◽  
Desirée Sant’Ana Haikal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Lms Method ◽  
Reference Parameters ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine new body mass index (BMI) reference values to classify the nutritional status of children aged six to ten years old from the city of Montes Claros (state of Minas Gerais), Southeast Brazil. Methods: The sample consisted of 3,863 individuals from both genders. Body mass and height were measured to determine the BMI. We adopted the Lambda, Mu, and Sigma (LMS) method to obtain the cut-off points. After that, each stratum curve was smoothed using quartic polynomials by gender. Average interpolation was used to determine the biannual distribution values. We calculated the 3rd, 85th, and 95th centiles to classify underweight, overweight, and obesity, respectively, according to gender and age. Results: After tabulating the LMS parameters at biannual intervals by gender, we plotted a graphic with seven centiles of BMI distribution and calculated the new BMI parameters for children aged 6-10 years old from the city of Montes Claros. The cut-off values for underweight, overweight, and obesity classification were, respectively, 17.5, 25 and 30 kg/m2. Conclusions: For the studied children, the use of traditional BMI references may result in the overestimation of underweight and underestimation of overweight and obesity. Studies should be carried out with periodic updates, respecting the characteristics of each location in order to use BMI reference values to classify the nutritional status of children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Obesity and pregnancy: cardiovascular and metabolic risks

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
N. G. Veselovskaya ◽  
G. A. Chumakova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

In recent years, obesity has become the leader as a cardiovascular risk factor in various clinical groups, including women of childbearing age. According to epidemiological studies over the past 10 years, obesity in pregnant women is recorded in 15-38% of cases. Obesity is a proven risk factor that complicates pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. The presence of obesity in women before childbirth is a risk factor for infertility, miscarriage in the early period and congenital malformations in the fetus. Overweight and obesity in pregnant women lead to an increase in maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Despite the high prevalence of obesity in pregnant women, the mechanisms for the occurrence of complications, methods of correction and prevention have not been studied enough. Considering the unfavorable prognosis in children of obese mothers, studies are needed to assess the role of internal adipose tissue, adipokines in the formation of insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction. It is also needed to evaluate effect of systemic inflammation in the risk of developing complications in a pregnant woman and child, as well as programs for primary prevention of obesity in childbearing age.

National prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in Turkey: cross sectional study of a representative adult population

Open Medicine ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuncay Delibasi ◽  
Yasar Karaaslan ◽  
Ihsan Ustun ◽  
Ertugrul Koroglu ◽  
Seref Hosgor
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine underweight, overweight, and obesity prevalence in representative sample of adult (≥ 18 years old) Turkish population living in urban and rural area of Turkey. Turkish citizens aged ≥ 18 who can represent adult population and permanently resident in Turkey were taken to this study in 1999–2000. The nationally representative sample population was selected from the target population using the census which was performed by national institute of statistics at 1997. Target population was 13.570 individuals living in these houses and 8674 people who aged ≥ 18 are chosen for the study. BMI was used as widely accepted diagnostic criteria of obesity. This study demonstrated that the prevalence of underweight was 10.7% in men, 5.9% in women and 8.1% for overall. The prevalence of overweight was 17.4% in men, 20.4% in women and 19% for overall. The prevalence of obesity was 7.8% in men, 22.1% in women and 15.6% for overall. The prevalence of overweight is higher (19.6%) in urban areas but prevalence of obesity is higher (17%) in rural areas of Turkey. Age, educational level and marital status seem to have association with obesity prevalence. The data we obtained showed us that while the underweight is still an issue for men, the overweight and obesity prevalence is high and needs to take early prevention steps for Turkish population.

Association of the CD14 C159T and the Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphisms with various phenotypes of asthma in adults from Crimea

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Yuriy Bisyuk ◽  
Andrew Dubovyi ◽  
Ilona DuBuske ◽  
Viktor Litus ◽  
Lawrence M. DuBuske
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Gender And Age

Background: This study assessed gene polymorphisms of the CD14 receptor (C-159T) and Toll-like receptor 4 (Asp299Gly) in a patient population in Crimea, Ukraine, stratified by clinical (early versus late onset; frequent versus occasional relapses; fixed versus reversible obstruction) and immunologic (atopic versus nonatopic; eosinophilic; neutrophilic or paucigranulocytic inflammation) subtype. Methods: Two polymorphisms, CD14 C-159T and TLR4 Asp299Gly, were assessed in 331 patients with asthma. The control group included 285 volunteers who were nonatopic. The single nucleotide polymorphisms were studied by using polymerase chain reaction with electrophoretic detection. Results: There were increased odds of asthma development in patients with the Asp299Gly TLR4 mutation compared with the general population underdominant odds ratio (OR) 1.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00‐2.32] and overdominant (OR 1.55 [95% CI, 1.01‐2.38]) models after adjustment for gender and age. In addition, mutations in this gene decreased the odds of nonatopic asthma in underdominant (OR 0.26 [95% CI, 0.07‐0.93]; p = 0.027), overdominant (OR 0.27 [95% CI, 0.07‐0.96]; p = 0.033), and log-additive models (OR 0.26 [95% CI, 0.07‐0.93]; p = 0.026) compared with the atopic subgroup after adjustment for gender, age, number of exacerbations, and type of airway inflammation. Allele frequencies for CD14 and TLR4 polymorphisms did not show statistical differences between the patients with asthma and the control subjects. Conclusion: CD14 C-159T polymorphisms were not associated with asthma in the adult population in Crimea. TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphisms were associated with asthma and with decreased odds of nonatopic asthma compared with atopic asthma in the adult population in Crimea.

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