scholarly journals Secondary obesity

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
M I Fadeeva ◽  
L V Savelieva
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Obesity Treatment ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Central Type ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Reduce Body Weight

Hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance, hypogonadism in men and women are often associated with obesity and may be its consequences and to be a primary preceding the development of overweight. A characteristic feature of the endocrine obesity is an increase in body weight due to visceral fat with redistribution on central type, accompanied by the development of the metabolic and endocrine disorders. Mechanisms of obesity in various hormonal disturbances are different. In general in the vast majority approaches of obesity treatment do not differ from generally accepted. Adequate correction of hormonal disorders can reduce body weight and contribute to the improvement of endocrine-metabolic parameters.

scholarly journals Relationships between Composition of Major Fatty Acids and Fat Distribution and Insulin Resistance in Japanese

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikako Fujii ◽  
Toshihide Kawai ◽  
Koichiro Azuma ◽  
Yuko Oguma ◽  
Fuminori Katsukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Visceral Fat Area

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the composition of free fatty acids (FFAs) and metabolic parameters, including body fat distribution, in Japanese.Methods. The study subjects were 111 Japanese patients (54 males, 57 females). Metabolic parameters and visceral and subcutaneous fat areas as determined by CT scanning at the umbilical level were measured. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed by administering 75 g glucose orally.Results. The percentage of linoleic acid (C18:2), the greatest constituent among FFAs, was negatively correlated with visceral fat area (r=−0.411,p<0.0001), fasting glucose (r=−0.330,p<0.0001), HbA1c (r=−0.231,p=0.0146), and systolic blood pressure (r=−0.224,p=0.0184). Linoleic acid percentage was also significantly negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=−0.416,p<0.0001) by simple correlation. Based on the findings of OGTT, the 111 subjects were classified into three groups: 33 with normal glucose tolerance, 71 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 7 diabetic subjects. The percentage of serum linoleic acid in diabetic subjects was significantly lower than that in normal subjects.Conclusion. We conclude that serum linoleic acid level is negatively correlated with the accumulation of visceral fat in relation to a reduction of insulin resistance in Japanese subjects.

scholarly journals Exercise-induced reversal of insulin resistance in obese elderly is associated with reduced visceral fat

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1584-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie B. O’Leary ◽  
Christine M. Marchetti ◽  
Raj K. Krishnan ◽  
Bradley P. Stetzer ◽  
Frank Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Men And Women

Exercise improves glucose metabolism and delays the onset and/or reverses insulin resistance in the elderly by an unknown mechanism. In the present study, we examined the effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism, abdominal adiposity, and adipocytokines in obese elderly. Sixteen obese men and women (age = 63 ± 1 yr, body mass index = 33.2 ± 1.4 kg/m2) participated in a 12-wk supervised exercise program (5 days/wk, 60 min/day, treadmill/cycle ergometry at 85% of heart rate maximum). Visceral fat (VF), subcutaneous fat, and total abdominal fat were measured by computed tomography. Fat mass and fat-free mass were assessed by hydrostatic weighing. An oral glucose tolerance test was used to determine changes in insulin resistance. Exercise training increased maximal oxygen consumption (21.3 ± 0.8 vs. 24.3 ± 1.0 ml·kg−1·min−1, P < 0.0001), decreased body weight ( P < 0.0001) and fat mass ( P < 0.001), while fat-free mass was not altered ( P > 0.05). VF (176 ± 20 vs. 136 ± 17 cm2, P < 0.0001), subcutaneous fat (351 ± 34 vs. 305 ± 28 cm2, P < 0.03), and total abdominal fat (525 ± 40 vs. 443 ± 34 cm2, P < 0.003) were reduced through training. Circulating leptin was lower ( P < 0.003) after training, but total adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-α remained unchanged. Insulin resistance was reversed by exercise (40.1 ± 7.7 vs. 27.6 ± 5.6 units, P < 0.01) and correlated with changes in VF ( r = 0.66, P < 0.01) and maximal oxygen consumption ( r = −0.48, P < 0.05) but not adipocytokines. VF loss after aerobic exercise training improves glucose metabolism and is associated with the reversal of insulin resistance in older obese men and women.

Green tea polyphenols ameliorate metabolic abnormalities and insulin resistance by enhancing insulin signalling in skeletal muscle of Zucker fatty rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (10) ◽  
pp. 1167-1180
Author(s):  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Yi Tan ◽  
Jiong Zhou ◽  
Linda Xiao ◽  
Michael Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Tea Polyphenols ◽  
Green Tea Polyphenols

Abstract In the present study, we evaluated the metabolic effects of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) in high-fat diet (HFD) fed Zucker fatty (ZF) rats, in particular the effects of GTP on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Body weight, visceral fat, glucose tolerance, lipid profiles and whole-body insulin sensitivity were measured in HFD-fed ZF rats after 8-week-treatment with GTP (200 mg/kg of body weight) or saline (5 ml/kg of body weight). Zucker lean rats were studied as controls. Ex vivo insulin-mediated muscle glucose uptake was assessed. Immunoblotting was used to evaluate the expression of key insulin signalling proteins in skeletal muscle. GTP treatment attenuated weight gain (P&lt;0.05) and visceral fat accumulation (27.6%, P&lt;0.05), and significantly reduced fasting serum glucose (P&lt;0.05) and insulin (P&lt;0.01) levels. Homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a measure of insulin resistance, was lower (P&lt;0.01) in GTP-treated animals compared with ZF controls. Moreover, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by isolated soleus muscle was increased (P&lt;0.05) in GTP-ZF rats compared with ZF-controls. GTP treatment attenuated the accumulation of ectopic lipids (triacyl- and diacyl-glycerols), enhanced the expression and translocation of glucose transporter-4, and decreased pSer612IRS-1 and increased pSer473Akt2 expression in skeletal muscle. These molecular changes were also associated with significantly decreased activation of the inhibitory (muscle-specific) protein kinase (PKC) isoform, PKC-θ. Taken together, the present study has shown that regular ingestion of GTP exerts a number of favourable metabolic and molecular effects in an established animal model of obesity and insulin resistance. The benefits of GTP are mediated in part by inhibiting PKC-θ and improving muscle insulin sensitivity.

Abstract P070: Exercise Prevents Cardiac Diastolic Dysfunction in a Female Model of Over-Nutrition Induced Obesity by Reducing Oxidant Stress and Fibrosis without Lowering Bodyweight

Hypertension ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Bostick ◽  
Javad Habibi ◽  
Lixin Ma ◽  
Mona Garro ◽  
Vincent DeMarco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Diastolic Heart Failure ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Daily Exercise

Obesity is being classified as a global epidemic by both the WHO and the CDC. Sedentary lifestyle and consumption of a high-fat/high-fructose Western diet (WD) are implicated in this epidemic. Women are particularly vulnerable to obesity related cardiovascular disease. Obese women suffer higher rates of hypertension, insulin resistance and heart failure, especially diastolic heart failure early in their lives. There are no evidence based treatments for diastolic heart failure. We hypothesized that voluntary daily exercise would prevent WD induced diastolic dysfunction by reducing oxidant stress, fibrosis and inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we developed a diastolic heart failure model by subjecting C57BL6/J female mice to a solely WD fed regimen for 16 weeks. We treated a parallel cohort with daily exercise, via voluntary wheel running, for the entire 16 weeks of WD feeding alongside control diet (CD) groups (n=7 for each group). We monitored food consumption, running activity and body weight. After 16 weeks, we assessed diastolic function by cardiac MRI and echocardiography. Detailed myocardial staining and Western blotting were done for cardiac oxidant stress, fibrosis and inflammatory markers. Both imaging modalities revealed diastolic dysfunction with WD feeding that was normalized by voluntary exercise. Mice ran similarly high intensities on both CD (6.5 km/d) and WD (7.1km/d). While WD feeding increased bodyweight, there was no reduction in weight with exercise. Body composition analysis showed WD fed mice treated with voluntary exercise had increases in visceral fat weight similar to sedentary WD fed mice. There was a notable increase in lean body mass with exercise. WD feeding resulted in insulin resistance that was prevented by exercise. Finally, while WD feeding markedly increased oxidant stress and fibrosis in sedentary mice, exercise prevented myocardial oxidant stress and fibrosis. Our work provides seminal evidence that diastolic dysfunction of over-nutrition induced obesity can be prevented by exercise. Surprisingly, our study suggests that the mechanisms behind the amelioration of diastolic dysfunction are predominantly through reductions in oxidant stress and fibrosis without reductions in body weight or visceral fat.

Berberine Modulates Gut Microbiota and Reduces Insulin Resistance via the TLR4 Signaling Pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 126 (08) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liu ◽  
Yiyi Zhang ◽  
Yunhui Liu ◽  
Liqiong Hou ◽  
Sheyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Obese Rats

AbstractBerberine, a natural compound extracted from several Chinese herbs including Coptis chinensis, has been shown to have anti-obesity effects and prevents insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese rats by modulating the gut microbiota; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these activities remain unknown. We investigated the effects of berberine on obesity and insulin resistance by examining the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α signaling pathway in livers of HFD-fed obese rats. Our results showed that 8-week berberine (200 mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and insulin resistance in HFD-fed obese rats. However, berberine had no significant effects on body weight, visceral fat mass or the visceral fat to body weight ratio. Berberine also attenuated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. A prolonged HFD altered the gut microbiota composition by reducing protective bacteria like Bifidobacterium and increasing gram negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, which resulted in increased LPS release into plasma. Berberine reversed these effects and inhibited LPS-induced TLR4/TNF-α activation, resulting in increased insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 expression in the liver. These findings suggested that berberine may reduce insulin resistance, at least in part by modulating the gut microbiota along with inhibiting LPS/TLR4/TNF-α signaling in the liver.

scholarly journals The Association between Adult Weight Gain and Insulin Resistance at Middle Age: Mediation by Visceral Fat and Liver Fat

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Verkouter ◽  
Raymond Noordam ◽  
Saskia le Cessie ◽  
Rob M. van Dam ◽  
Hildo J. Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

We aimed to investigate the role of the amount of visceral fat and liver fat in the association between adult weight change and insulin resistance at middle age. In the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study, adult weight change was calculated with recalled body weight at age 20 years and measured body weight at middle age. Measures of insulin resistance were calculated using both fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. Visceral fat was assessed by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and liver fat by proton-MR spectroscopy (N = 1758). We examined the association between adult weight change and insulin resistance with linear regression, adjusted for confounding factors. To investigate mediation, we additionally adjusted for total body fat, visceral fat, and liver fat. In participants who gained ≥50% of body weight during adulthood, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was 3.22 (95% CI 2.76; 3.77) times higher than in weight maintainers. In a joint model, total body fat mediated this association for 8.1% (95% CI −9.2; 25.4), visceral fat for 32.0% (18.6; 45.4%) and liver fat for 22.5% (15.0; 30.1). The association between adult weight gain and insulin resistance at middle age is largely mediated by both visceral fat and liver fat.

STUDY OF SERUM IRISIN AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE IN POLY CYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
pp. 212-215
Author(s):  
G.G. Kaushik ◽  
Poonam Chaudhary ◽  
Ankita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cystic Ovary

OBJECTIVE: Poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is clinically heterogeneous endocrine disorders. Insulin resistance-related proteins play a role in the etiopathogenesis of PCOS. Irisin is a newly identied myokine which act like adipokines. Irisin has been shown to be associated with insulin-resistance and metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine the serum levels of irisin in PCOS patients and evaluate its association with insulin resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty ve PCOS patients and eighty ve matched healthy controls were enrolled to study .Serum irisin levels , anthropometric and metabolic parameters including HOMA-IR were measured. Linear regression analysis was employed to study the relationship between irisin and metabolic parameters. RESULTS: Serum irisin level in PCOS patients ( mean value ; 0.50+0.07 ng/ml) was signicantly elevated when compared to control group ( mean value; 0.203+0.043ng/ml)(p value <0.001).Linear regression analysis showed that serum irisin was positively associated with body mass index , fasting insulin and lipid prole in PCOS patients. CONCLUSIONS: Serum irisin level of PCOS patients was high compared to that of healthy control subjects . In patients with PCOS , this situation may be due to insulin resistance .

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