scholarly journals EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, LABOR MARKET IN THE INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
V. I. Belyaev ◽  
O. V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Technological Systems ◽  
Production Relations ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the results of theoretical researches devoted to the problems of institutional transformations of social and labor relations in the labor markets. The ratio of categories of employment, unemployment, labor market in the context of contradictory interactions of developing technological systems (productive forces) and social and labor (production) relations is presented. The hypothesis is substantiated that social and labor relations in the labor markets take the form of institutions; a system of rules, restrictions, mechanisms that determine the behavior of employers and workers in the labor market, thereby influencing employment and unemployment. A methodological scheme for the study of labor markets is proposed in order to identify contradictions in the relationship between developing technologies and social and labor relations. It is proposed to use it in the development of specific methods for managing the development of institutions of social and labor relations in the labor markets of regions, the country in order to reduce the level of tension in the field of employment.

Immigration and Labor Market Outcomes in U.S. Metropolitan Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-652
Author(s):  
Allen Hyde ◽  
Michael Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
The United States ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

Two broad orientations have motivated scholarship on the relationship between immigration and labor market outcomes in the United States. The first, the supply-side perspective, often focuses on how immigration affects a variety of outcomes such as unemployment, casualization, and earnings inequality. The second, the demand-side perspective, generally contends that these labor market outcomes result mainly from economic restructuring that subsequently attracts immigrants to labor markets. Previous studies have often reached divergent conclusions due to differing assumptions about the direction of causality in these relationships. In this paper, we use three-stage least squares regression, a technique that allows for nonrecursive relationships, to adjudicate the direction of causality between immigration and labor market outcomes. Using 2010 data for 366 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas, we find support for the demand-side perspective, or that economic restructuring results in higher unemployment, casualization, and earnings inequality, which subsequently increases levels of immigration in metropolitan labor markets.

A Labor Market Theory of Earnings Distribution

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Charles Parker
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Beta Distribution ◽  
Distribution Density ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Theoretical Rationale ◽  
Earnings Distribution ◽  
Distribution Density Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Special Case

A simple theory of the labor market is presented in which the short end of the market sells. A flexible parameterisation of the theory yields an earnings distribution density function which is closely approximated by the well-known beta and gamma specifications. Apart from providing a theoretical rationale for these tractable and closefitting specifications, the theory suggests that the parameters of the beta distribution (this distribution encompassing the gamma as a special case) can be interpreted in terms of the structure of labor markets. This has implications for why earnings distributions take their commonly observed positive skew, as well as for wider issues including the relationship between employment and equality.

International Segmentation of Labor

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Bauder
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Labor Market Segmentation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Means Of Production

The relationship between migration and labor markets can be approached from different conceptual and philosophical angles. In this chapter, I draw on labor market segmentation theory to examine how the international mobility of workers interlinks with the international segmentation of labor. In addition, I highlight two aspects of this relationship that have been sidelined in the existing literature but that are important to understanding how this relationship works. The first aspect is the notion of citizenship. Although this notion has received considerable attention in the social sciences in recent years, it has been neglected as a driving force of the segmentation of labor. The second aspect is the cultural representation of migrating populations and workers, which contributes vitally to the regulation of labor markets. The structure of this chapter follows the intention to convey a particular theoretical perspective and to highlight particular aspects of this perspective. First, I present segmentation theory as an entry point into a discussion of the relationship between international migration and labor market regulation. Second, I introduce the notion of citizenship to this discussion. Third, I present cultural representations as critical components in the international segmentation of labor markets. To explain labor market segmentation theory one may begin with Karl Marx. Marx ([1867] 2001) called labor “variable capital” and the means of production “constant capital.” Labor is variable because workers can be hired and fired in response to business and seasonal cycles. The means of production, on the other hand, are constant because they constitute a fixed investment and stay idle in periods of economic slowdown. Segmentation theory begins with the premise that the idleness of machinery and other fixed investments can be prevented or reduced by dividing production into two distinct segments. The primary segment is capital-intensive; high levels of technology ensure the efficient use of the workforce. In times of economic contraction, this primary sector keeps operating to satisfy the basic demand that still exists for products. The secondary segment, on the other hand, is labor-intensive, with only minimal investments in machinery and technology.

scholarly journals Związki zawodowe a rynek pracy w Unii Europejskiej

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Bogusław JAGUSIAK
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
European Level ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Labor Market Programs ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this study is to present the opportunities for trade unions to influence the labor market in the EU. The economic crisis in the EU has affected its labor markets to varying degrees. In the analysis of selected examples it can be clearly seen that the countries that have survived the crisis in the labor market better are those where the labor market is flexible, i.e. where, although people can easily lose one job, they are relatively likely to find another. EU states undertake to make labor relations more flexible, to further diversify employment forms, or to move salary negotiations to lower levels, thus eliminating state intervention in labor markets. Local EU labor markets have become a part of a supranational system of free flow of workers. European integration has generated common problems in the labor market, where trade unions need to undertake joint efforts to increase the flexibility, mobility and efficiency of the labor force, to improve labor market programs and provide for more efficient collaboration of social partners. This also follows from the protective function trade unions are supposed to play in the unified European market, and from an attempt to solve the issue of whether the expansion of trade union activity to the European level is effective in looking for compromise on the labor market.

scholarly journals Flexibilidad, trabajo y mujeres

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Eugenia De la O Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Gender Studies ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Labor Flexibility ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Las Mujeres

Resumen:El presente artículo resume los distintos enfoques con que ha sido analizada la presencia de las mujeres en el proceso de flexibilidad laboral y ubica la contribución de la categoría de género en los estudios del trabajo. El texto se divide en tres apartados: el primero evalúa la dimensión otorgada a las mujeres en el debate sobre la flexibilidad laboral; el segundo analiza el caso concreto en los mercados de trabajo y las relaciones laborales, y el tercero hace un balance de la aportación de las investigaciones que abordan el tema de la participación femenina y su contribución a los estudios del trabajo en México.Palabras clave: Flexibilidad del trabajo, Mujeres, Género, Estudios del trabajo, Mercado de trabajo.Abstract:This paper summarizes the different approaches by which the presence of women in the labor flexibility process is analyzed, and determines the contribution of gender in studies on labor. The text consists of three sections: the first evaluates the importance of women in the debate about labor flexibility; the second analyses this importance in the labor markets and labor relations, and the third asseses the significance of the papers which deal with the subject of women?s participation and their contribution to the studies on labor in Mexico.Key words: Labor flexibility, Women, Gender, Studies on labor, Labor market.

scholarly journals SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS — THE ESSENTIAL BASIS OF EMPLOYMENT INSTITUTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
V. I. Belyaev ◽  
O. V. Kuznecova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Territorial Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Standpoint

The category of employment is considered from the point of view of the theory that explains the essence of employment, and from the point of view of the practice of employment management, focused on creating the fundamental foundations for regulating the processes occurring in the labor markets. From a theoretical standpoint, employment is presented in the form of an element of a conceptual system that includes employment itself, unemployment, the labor market, which are in contradictory dialectical interactions among themselves, reflected in social and labor relations. From the point of view of practice, “employment”, “unemployment” and “labor market” are considered as a system of objects of managerial influences, interconnected in such a way that the impact on one of them causes changes in the content of other objects of the system. Such relationships are due to the emerging within the territorial entities social and labor relations. The article proposes to create employment institutions in the structure of territorial government, the methodological basis of which should be social and labor relations.

Internal Labor Market in the System of Social and Labor Relations

2004 ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Odegov ◽  
G. Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Internal Labor Market ◽  
Internal Labor Markets ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Balanced Development

The expediency of using in scientific parlance and in practice of human resources management the category "internal labor market" is grounded in the article. The specifics of intra-firm labor market forming and functioning are described. The authors study the mechanism of external and internal labor markets interaction from the standpoint of providing their balanced development.

scholarly journals Family Firms and Labor Market Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-379
Author(s):  
Morten Bennedsen ◽  
Sterling Huang ◽  
Hannes F Wagner ◽  
Stefan Zeume
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Family Control ◽  
Labor Market Reforms ◽  
Lower Variation ◽  
Editorial Decision

Abstract In a panel across twenty-eight countries over 10 years, we show that family firms on average enjoy performance advantages over nonfamily firms only when labor markets are less regulated. We confirm this result in a matched firm sample using a survey-based instrument as a family control. Furthermore, family firms exhibit lower variation in employment levels in less-regulated labor markets, supporting the notion that labor relations drive family firms’ performance advantages. Our results are consistent with the notion that both family ownership and labor market reforms provide employment protection and thus partly substitute as governance mechanisms. Received December 17, 2018; editorial decision April 3, 2019 by Editor Andrew Ellul.

Concentration in the Labor Market for Public School Teachers

ILR Review ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Luizer ◽  
Robert Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Public School Teachers ◽  
Teacher Labor Market ◽  
Teacher Labor Markets ◽  
Wage Effects ◽  
Monopsony Power ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Teacher Labor

Recent studies that have investigated the relationship between the monopsony power of school districts and teachers' salaries have reached conflicting conclusions. The authors of this paper argue that the discrepancies among previous studies may be due to the arbitrary demarcation of the boundaries of teacher labor markets and the use of faulty measures of monopsony. Using a new procedure for defining teacher labor market boundaries and several alternative indices of concentration, this study finds evidence of monopsonistic activity in local teacher labor markets in Pennsylvania. The monopsony wage effects are small, however, and are present mainly at the mid-to-upper ranges of the bachelor's degree salary scale.

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