scholarly journals Resistance of Scots pine half-sib families to Heterobasidion annosum in progeny field trials

Silva Fennica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adas Marčiulynas ◽  
Vaida Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė ◽  
Povilas Žemaitis ◽  
Āris Jansons ◽  
Virgilijus Baliuckas
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Sib Families

Five Scots pine ( L.) progeny field trials, each established in different Lithuanian regions of provenance in 1983, were studied. Each progeny field trial consists of 140 half-sib families from seven populations (20 families from each population). The evaluation was carried out in 2012 and 2018 to assess the families resistance to (Fr.) Bref. An index of resistance in the infected plots was calculated. To verify the accuracy of the method, total phenolic compounds (TPC) was chosen as key parameter to compare with the plant resistance index. During the six years between the two assessments, the percentage of living Scots pine trees in the progeny field trials decreased up to 20 percentage points (range: 4 p.p. to 20 p.p.). In 2018 the area of damaged plots (in percentage from total field trial area) varied from 17 to 27%. Tree mortality in the trial correlates with site soil fertility – more fertile soils were distinguished by higher tree percentage loss and . Using analysis from combined data of all progeny trials, the family variance component reached 13.3 ± 2.2% and family heritability was 0.81. Family heritability estimates for root rot resistance show possibilities of high breeding effectiveness. The correlations between the trials in family resistance estimates were negligible (ranging from 0 to 0.28). The significant high correlation coefficient was determined between the resistance index and TPC concentration ( = 0.77,  = 0.0003). This allows us to assume that plant resistance is directly linked on TPC synthesis. The results indicate that the chosen methods of chemical resistance for identification of root rot-resistant genotypes are applicable for the selection of Scots pine half-sib families in the field trials with higher resistance to pathogens.Pinus sylvestrisHeterobasidion annosumH. annosumvice versarp

scholarly journals The Resistance of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Half-sib Families to Heterobasidion annosum

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adas Marčiulynas ◽  
Vaida Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė ◽  
Povilas Žemaitis ◽  
Virgilijus Baliuckas
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Sib Families

This study observed the genotypic variation among Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) half-sib families’ susceptibility to Heterobasidion annosum. Scots pine susceptibility was tested in 12 half-sib families by inoculating them with four different H. annosum strains. At two, six, and ten months after the inoculations, the susceptibility indicators (incidence rate, pathogen spread, and mortality rate) were compared and the total phenolic compounds (TPC) in the inoculated and control groups determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Among half-sib families, significant differences were found for seedling mortality (range: 1.3%–21.2%); however, the differences in incidence rate (range: 54%–77%) and pathogen spread (range: 24–53 mm) were not significant. The incidence rate among half-sib families correlated positively and significantly (r = 0.72, p < 0.05) with the mortality rate, while the pathogen spread correlated negatively with mortality, although the correlation was not significant (r = −0.29, p > 0.05). The TPC comparison with susceptibility indicators showed that the half-sib families with lower susceptibility were characterized by the ability to increase TPC after inoculation compared to the control group. This tendency was most apparent in stems and roots six and two months after inoculation, respectively. Correlation analyses revealed that higher TPC in stems six months after inoculation determined a lower incidence rate (r = −0.32, p < 0.05), while higher Change in concentration of total phenolic compounds (TPCΔ) indicated a lower pathogen spread (r = −0.60, p < 0.05). The lowest incidence of the pathogen was determined in half-sib families with the highest TPCΔ in the roots two months after inoculation. The lower susceptibility of Scots pine half-sib families is based on a combination of enhanced constitutive and inducible phenolic defense mechanisms. The data may facilitate the selection of Scots pine half-sib families with low susceptibility for breeding programs and forest management strategies.

scholarly journals Antagonistic effect of fungi from Scots pine stump roots against Heterobasidion annosum and Armillaria ostoyae

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Kwaśny
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae ◽  
Forest Conditions

The study presents quantitative and qualitative aspects of fungal colonization of the 2-year-old stump roots of the 30- and 49-year-old Scots pines, and biotic relations between fungi inhabiting the stump roots and major agent s of butt and root rot in Poland, i.e.: <i>H. annosum</i> and <i>A. ostoyae</i>. Compared to the live roots, the increase in density of fungi communities as well as the frequency of the fungi antagonistic towards <i>H. annosum</i> and <i>A. ostoyae</i>, particularly of <i>Trichoderma</i> species. in pine stump roots resulted in the increase of the suppressive effect of these communities towards both pathogens, studied in vitro. This finding may suggest a stronger resistance of pine stump roots to <i>H. annosum</i> and <i>A. ostoyae</i> what under forest conditions may be the example of natural control of both pathogens.

scholarly journals Annosum root rot in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest plantations. Problems and ways to deal with them

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Высоцкий ◽  
О.М. Корчагин
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Seed Propagation ◽  
High Level

Приведены результаты научных исследований ВНИИЛГИСбиотеха по селекции сосны и многолетних наблюдений за состоянием деревьев разных селекционных категорий в очагах корневой губки. Исследования проводились в естественных и искусственных насаждениях в разных экологических условиях. В качестве показателя биологической смолопродуктивности применялся выход живицы с единицы ранения при одинаковой средней для насаждения нагрузке деревьев в расчете на 1 см диаметра ствола. Взаимовлияние штаммов патогенна и триходермы исследовалось в лабораторных условиях на искусственной сусло- агаровой питательной среде. Установлены высокий уровень наследования селектируемого признака как при вегетативном, так и семенном способах размножения, и корреляция устойчивости сосны к корневой губке со смолопродуктивной способностью деревьев, что является биологической основой для создания на селекционной основе высокосмолопродуктивных насаждений целевого назначения повышенной устойчивости к корневой губке. Показано, что катастрофическое распространение болезни сосны в Европейской части России является следствием интенсивной вырубки естественных лесов, выращивания монокультур хвойных пород на нелесных площадях и отсутствия эффективных мер борьбы с патогеном. Не решают проблему и сплошные санитарные рубки, с применением которых высококачественная сырорастущая древесина переводится в сухостой и происходит преждевременный распад насаждений. Обоснована возможность селекции сосны по комплексу хозяйственно-ценных признаков. Разработана схема селекционного процесса по созданию на селекционной основе высокосмолопродуктивных насаждений сосны обыкновенной целевого назначения повышенной биологической устойчивости к корневой губке. Для противодействия патогену необходимо разработать и внедрить в лесохозяйственное производство комплекс превентивных мер, направленных не на борьбу с патогеном в поражённых и разрушающихся лесных массивах, а на создание устойчивых насаждений. We present the scientific findings obtained by the Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology through the researches on the pine breeding and the results of the long-term observations over the trees of different selective categories in the nidi of annosum root rot (Heterobasidion annosum). The researches were conducted in natural and planted forests under different environmental conditions. We used soft resin yield from one surface wound per 1 cm of the trunk diameter (given equal average for this forest stand tapping intensity) as a resin productivity criterion. The mutual influence of pathogenic strains and trichoderma (Trichodermae viridi Sp.) was studied in laboratory conditions on a wort-agar growth medium. We have stated high level of resin productivity inheritance through both vegetative and seed propagation and a strong correlation between pine-tree’s resistance to annosum root rot and its resin productivity. This fact should be used as a biological basis for creation of purpose-oriented forest stands with high level of resin productivity which will be highly resistant to annosum root rot. We have also shown that the catastrophic expansion of the pathogen in the European part of Russia is due to intensive harvesting in indigenous forests, cultivation of conifers monocultures on non-forest areas and the lack of effective methods for control of the pathogen. Sanitation clear felling does not solve the problem, because its use transforms high-quality raw wood into deadwood and leads to premature forest degradation. We have scientifically proven the possibility of pine breeding for the set of valuable characteristics. We have also devised a breeding process scheme for creation of special purpose-oriented highly resistant to annosum root rot plantations of Scots pine with high level of resin productivity. In order to prevent further spread of the pathogen our forestry needs a set of preventive measures and we should focus on creation of sustainable forest stands instead of fighting the pathogen in already affected and decaying forests.

scholarly journals Pinus sylvestris Breeding for Resistance against Natural Infection of the Fungus Heterobasidion annosum

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raitis Rieksts-Riekstiņš ◽  
Pauls Zeltiņš ◽  
Virgilijus Baliuckas ◽  
Lauma Brūna ◽  
Astra Zaļuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Branch Diameter ◽  
Selection Of

Increasing resistance against biotic and abiotic factors is an important goal of forest tree breeding. The aim of the present study was to develop a root rot resistance index for Scots pine breeding and evaluate its effectiveness. The productivity, branch diameter, branchiness, stem straightness, spike knots, and damage from natural infection of root rot in 154 Scots pine open-pollinated families from Latvia were evaluated through a progeny field trial at the age of 38 years. Trees with decline symptoms were sampled for fungal isolations. Based on this information and kriging estimates of root rot, 35 affected areas (average size: 108 m2; total 28% from the 1.5 ha trial) were delineated. Resistance index of a single tree was formed based on family adjusted proportion of live to infected trees and distance to the center of affected area. Heritability for resistance to root rot based on the value of this index, was high (0.37) and comparable to indices of growth traits. Correlations of family breeding estimates between resistance to root rot and the other traits were not significant, except for a weak, yet significant, positive correlation with diameter at breast height and branch diameter. Selection index including only growth traits (height and stem volume) had a negligible effect on damage by root rot. We detected a maximum genetic gain in resistance index of 33.7% when incorporating it into the selection index with positive gains for growth traits (6.5–11.0%). Two-stage selection with prior selection of the most resistant families was not superior to the use of selection index with only rot resistance included. Overall; rot resistance index appeared to be an effective tool in tree breeding for the selection of more resistant families, using the existing trials with natural (uncontrolled) infection

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Assessment of Wood Stiffness in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its Use in Forest Tree Improvement

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Fundova ◽  
Tomas Funda ◽  
Harry X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Using Data

Wood stiffness is an important wood mechanical property that predetermines the suitability of sawn timber for construction purposes. Negative genetic correlations between wood stiffness and growth traits have, however, been reported for many conifer species including Scots pine. It is, therefore, important that breeding programs consider wood stiffness and growth traits simultaneously. The study aims to (1) evaluate different approaches of calculating the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE, non-destructively assessed stiffness) using data from X-ray analysis (SilviScan) as a benchmark, (2) estimate genetic parameters, and (3) apply index selection. In total, we non-destructively measured 622 standing trees from 175 full-sib families for acoustic velocity (VEL) using Hitman and for wood density (DEN) using Resistograph and Pilodyn. We combined VEL with different wood densities, raw (DENRES) and adjusted (DENRES.TB) Resistograph density, Pilodyn density measured with (DENPIL) and without bark (DENPIL.B), constant of 1000 kg·m−3 (DENCONST), and SilviScan density (DENSILV), to calculate MOEs and compare them with the benchmark SilviScan MOE (MOESILV). We also derived Smith–Hazel indices for simultaneous improvement of stem diameter (DBH) and wood stiffness. The highest additive genetic and phenotypic correlations of the benchmark MOESILV with the alternative MOE measures (tested) were attained by MOEDENSILV (0.95 and 0.75, respectively) and were closely followed by MOEDENRES.TB (0.91 and 0.70, respectively) and MOEDENCONST and VEL (0.91 and 0.65, respectively for both). Correlations with MOEDENPIL, MOEDENPIL.B, and MOEDENRES were lower. Narrow-sense heritabilities were moderate, ranging from 0.39 (MOESILV) to 0.46 (MOEDENSILV). All indices revealed an opportunity for joint improvement of DBH and MOE. Conclusions: MOEDENRES.TB appears to be the most efficient approach for indirect selection for wood stiffness in Scots pine, although VEL alone and MOEDENCONST have provided very good results too. An index combining DBH and MOEDENRES.TB seems to offer the best compromise for simultaneous improvement of growth, fiber, and wood quality traits.

Planting Betula pendula on pine sites infested by Heterobasidion annosum: disease transfer, silvicultural evaluation, and community of wood-inhabiting fungi

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaidotas Lygis ◽  
Rimvydas Vasiliauskas ◽  
Jan Stenlid
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Somatic Incompatibility ◽  
Forest Sites

Persistence of the root rot pathogen Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. s.s. on infested areas and its transfer to a forest regeneration was studied in three forest sites in eastern Lithuania. The sites represented H. annosum disease centres in Pinus sylvestris L. stands, which were clear-felled and replanted with Betula pendula Roth 25 years prior to our study. Fungal isolation from trees and stumps on each site was performed on both replanted B. pendula and surrounding P. sylvestris from the previous generation. Low productivity of B. pendula stands (45.0–76.1 m3·ha–1), high mortality rates, and comparatively low vigor of trees (measured as crown densities) indicated a strong impact of root rot. Based on somatic incompatibility tests, we detected large spreading areas of clones of H. annosum (up to 48 m across) and old (35- to 40-year-old) clonal individuals. Territorial clones covered areas that encompassed both previous stands of P. sylvestris and current stands of B. pendula. Our results showed that H. annosum is able to persist in root systems of diseased trees for decades and readily attack birch replanted on infested sites. In addition, a total of 83 fungal species (out of 398 isolates) was found as a result of sampling 508 B. pendula, 49 P. sylvestris, 21 Juniperus communis L., and 1 Salix cinerea L. trees.

Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Chang ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Fusarium Seedling Blight ◽  
Disease Pressure

Chang, K. F., Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Gossen, B. D., Turnbull, G. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2013. Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 619–625. Fusarium seedling blight can cause substantial reductions in the stand density of field pea in western Canada. In greenhouse experiments, emergence decreased and root rot severity rose with increasing inoculum density. In field trials in 2007 and 2008 near Edmonton, AB, seeding at different depths and seeding dates did not consistently affect emergence or yield in Fusarium-infested soils. In field experiments, emergence declined significantly with each increase in inoculum level. Also, seed yield were reduced at high levels of disease pressure. Treatment of seed with Apron Maxx improved emergence, nodulation and yield of treatments challenged with inoculum of F. avenaceum in both greenhouse and field experiments. This research demonstrates the need to prevent seedling blight and root rot through proper seed treatment.

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