The Impact of Hospital-Acquired Infections on the Microbial Etiology and Prognosis of Late-Onset Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

CHEST Journal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 764-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Rivas ◽  
Julio Alonso ◽  
Javier Moya ◽  
Miguel de Górgolas ◽  
Jorge Martinell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Microbial Etiology ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Highly sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus by a THz metamaterial biosensor based on gold nanoparticles and rolling circle amplification

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 26824-26833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Yang ◽  
Wenjing Yu ◽  
Guorong Huang ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Xiang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Rolling Circle Amplification ◽  
Rolling Circle ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

A highly sensitive method for detecting Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is urgently needed to reduce the impact and spread of hospital-acquired infections and food-borne illness.

scholarly journals Is Rifampin Use Associated With Better Outcome in Staphylococcal Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis? A Multicenter Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Le Bot ◽  
Raphaël Lecomte ◽  
Pierre Gazeau ◽  
François Benezit ◽  
Cédric Arvieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Valvular Surgery ◽  
Duke Criteria ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relapse Rates

Abstract Background International guidelines recommend rifampin-based combinations for staphylococcal prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). However, no robust clinical data support this recommendation, and rifampin tolerability is an issue. We aimed to evaluate the impact of rifampin for the treatment of staphylococcal PVE. Methods An observational retrospective cohort study of all adults with staphylococcal PVE (modified Duke criteria) was conducted in 3 referral centers for endocarditis, during years 2000–2018. Primary outcome measurement was 1-year mortality. Results We enrolled 180 patients with PVE due to Staphylococcus aureus (n = 114, 63.3%), or coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 66, 36.7%), on bioprosthesis (n = 111, 61.7%), mechanical valve (n = 67, 37.2%), or both (n = 2). There were 132 males (73.3%), and mean age was 70.4 ± 12.4 years. Valvular surgery was performed in 51/180 (28.3%) cases. Despite all isolates were susceptible to rifampin, only 101 (56.1%) were treated with rifampin, for a median duration of 33.0 days, whereas 79 (43.9%) received no rifampin. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. One-year mortality was, respectively, 37.6% (38/101), and 31.6% (25/79), in patients treated with, or without, rifampin (P = .62). Relapse rates were 5.9% (6/101), and 8.9% (7/79), P = .65. Patients treated with rifampin had longer hospital length-of-stay: 42.3 ± 18.6 vs 31.3 ± 14.0 days (P < .0001). On multivariate analysis, only cerebral emboli (odds ratio [OR] 2.95, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–6.70, P = .009), definite endocarditis (OR 7.15, 95% CI, 1.47–34.77, P = .018), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (OR 6.04, 95% CI, 1.34–27.26, P = .019), were associated with 1-year mortality. Conclusions A large proportion (43.9%) of staphylococcal PVE received no rifampin. One-year survival and relapse rates were similar in patients treated with or without rifampin.

scholarly journals Mechanical valve endocarditis caused by Gemella morbillorum

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1689-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghanem Al-Hujailan ◽  
Philippe Lagacé-Wiens
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Mechanical Valve ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Pathogen Spectrum

As the usual pathogen spectrum of a late-onset (>12 month post-operatively) prosthetic valve endocarditis is similar to normal valve endocarditis, with the exception of coagulase-negative staphylococcus, a prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by unusual bacterial pathogens represents a therapeutic and diagnostic dilemma. The lack of well established criteria or clinical experience for the management of such infections makes therapy and prognosis difficult to determine. A case of successfully treated Gemella morbillorum prosthetic valve endocarditis and a review of the relevant literature are presented.

scholarly journals An effect of single high dose of vitamin D3 on the risk of nosocomial infections, hospitalization time and mortality in hospitalized elderly population. A preliminary report

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dorota Leszczyńska ◽  
Agata Tuszyńska ◽  
Magdalena Zgliczyńska ◽  
Wojciech Zgliczyński ◽  
Waldemar Misiorowski
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Single High Dose ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Observational studies indicate a significant impact of serum 25(OH)D concentration on incidence of hospital-acquired infections. However, we did not find any interventional study assessing the effect of vitamin D3 administration at the admission on the course of further hospitalization in internal medicine departments. Objective of the paper: Investigation of the impact of one-time high-dose vitamin D3 administration in elderly patients on the day of urgent admission to the hospital, on hospital-acquired infections. Materials and methods: A randomized, two-arms, open pilot study in 97 adults aged 60-100. A study group was given a single dose of 60,000 IU vitamin D3 and a control group was not subject to any intervention. Serum 25(OH)D and calcium were measured at the baseline and after 7 days. Results: 77.32% of studied patients were vitamin deficient, and among those, in 28.87% severe vitamin D deficiency was found. After single administration of 60,000 IU of vitamin D3, only 4 patients achieved recommended serum 25(OH)D concentration. The highest increase in serum 25(OH)D was observed in patients with severe deficiency. Numbers of observed nosocomial infections such as flu, hospital-acquired pneumonia or Klebsiella pneumoniae MBL+ infection did not differ significantly between study and control group, however there was a trend close to significance for lower incidence of Clostridium difficile infection in the vitamin D3 group. Conclusions: Preliminary results of the presented research indicate possible protective effect of single high dose of vitamin D3 against Clostridium difficile infection during hospitalization. Further research on larger group of patients, using higher dose of vitamin D3 is necessary.

scholarly journals Late-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 905-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malak M EL-Hazmi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Atypical Case

In developed countries, Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection is rare due to efficient immunization programs. However, cases of nontoxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae infections, including endocarditis, have been reported recently. Although the incidence remains low, these infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality. This report describes the first and atypical case of bacteremia and endocarditis caused by nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae var. gravis after introduction of immunization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

scholarly journals Public Health Impact of Hospital-Acquired Infections on Traumatic Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ektha Parchuri ◽  
Roopa Koduri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

Blunt traumatic injuries leading cause of death, with TBI and hemorrhage >91% of all deaths, amounting to $37.8 billion per year. Traumatic patients are at high risk for developing infection, where infected patients are more likely to have been ventilated or have had multiple surgical procedures, exposing to ventilatorassociated pneumonia and other infections. Elevated cytokine levels post-infection affect patient mortality, making it a large public health issue. Lack of data centered around gender and ethnicity confounds the impact of this disease. Large Pittsburgh hospitals with capacity >300 report worse infection ratings than US baseline measures. Risk factors for infection including age and duration of hospital stay, directly affecting severity of traumatic injury. Infection should not be viewed as a confounder impacting mortality but rather an outcome arising from trauma.

scholarly journals Higher Frequency of Hospital-Acquired Infections but Similar In-Hospital Mortality Among Admissions With Alcoholic Hepatitis at Academic vs. Non-academic Centers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waleed ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdallah ◽  
Yong-Fang Kuo ◽  
Juan P. Arab ◽  
Robert Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Alcoholic Hepatitis ◽  
Academic Status ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Academic Center ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Charges

BackgroundAlcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a unique syndrome characterized by high short-term mortality. The impact of the academic status of a hospital (urban and teaching) on outcomes in AH is unknown.MethodsNational Inpatient Sample dataset (2006–2014) on AH admissions stratified to academic center (AC) or non-academic center (NAC) and analyzed for in-hospital mortality (IHM), hospital resource use, length of stay in days (d), and total charges (TC) in United States dollars (USD). Admission year was stratified to 2006–2008 (TMI), 2009–2011 (TM2), and 2012–2014 (TM3).ResultsOf 62,136 AH admissions, the proportion at AC increased from 46% in TM1 to 57% in TM3, Armitage trend, p < 0.001. On logistic regression, TM3, younger age, black race, Medicaid and private insurance, and development of acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) were associated with admission to an AC. Of 53,264 admissions propensity score matched for demographics, pay status, and disease severity, admissions to AC vs. NAC (26,622 each) were more likely to have liver disease complications (esophageal varices, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy) and hospital-acquired infections (HAI), especially Clostridioides difficile and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Admissions to AC were more likely transfers from outside hospital (1.6% vs. 1.3%) and seen by palliative care (4.8% vs. 3.3%), p < 0.001. Use of endoscopy, dialysis, and mechanical ventilation were similar. With similar IHM comparing AC vs. NAC (7.7% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.93), average LOS and number of procedures were higher at AC (7.7 vs. 7.1 d and 2.3 vs. 1.9, respectively, p < 0.001) without difference on total charges ($52,821 vs. $52,067 USD, p = 0.28). On multivariable logistic regression model after controlling for demographics, ACLF grade, and calendar year, IHM was similar irrespective of academic status of the hospital, HR (95% CI): 1.01 (0.93–1.08, p = 0.70). IHM decreased over time, with ACLF as strongest predictor. A total of 63 and 22% were discharged to home and skilled nursing facility, respectively, without differences on academic status of the hospital.ConclusionAdmissions with AH to AC compared to NAC have higher frequency of liver disease complications and HAI, with longer duration of hospitalization. Prospective studies are needed to reduce HAI among hospitalized patients with AH.

scholarly journals Outcome after surgery for prosthetic valve endocarditis and the impact of preoperative treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 2052-2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herko Grubitzsch ◽  
Andreas Schaefer ◽  
Christoph Melzer ◽  
Klaus-Dieter Wernecke ◽  
Davide Gabbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Preoperative Treatment ◽  
The Impact
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