scholarly journals Species delimitation in asexual insects of economic importance: The case of black scale (Parasaissetia nigra), a cosmopolitan parthenogenetic pest scale insect

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0175889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Po Lin ◽  
Robert D. Edwards ◽  
Takumasa Kondo ◽  
Thomas L. Semple ◽  
Lyn G. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Black Scale

Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5052 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
GILLIAN W. WATSON ◽  
DAVID OUVRARD
Keyword(s):  
Scale Insect ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Plant Parasites ◽  
Plant Sap

Scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) are obligate plant parasites feeding on plant sap; some are damaging pests in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Despite their economic importance, the scale insects found in continental Africa have not been extensively studied and the keys for identifying them are incomplete and scattered through the literature in several languages. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the African scale insect fauna. As a first step towards their identification, we provide a key to the 23 families currently known from continental Africa, based on slide-mounted adult females, covering Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Cerococcidae, Coccidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Diaspididae, Eriococcidae, Halimococcidae, Kermesidae, Kerriidae, Kuwaniidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Margarodidae, Matsucoccidae, Micrococcidae, Monophlebidae, Ortheziidae, Phoenicococcidae, Pseudococcidae, Putoidae, Rhizoecidae and Stictococcidae.  

Two species of whitefly and six species of scale insect (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae and Coccoidea), new for Antigua, Lesser Antilles

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Chris Malumphy
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
First Time

Two species of whitefly and six species of scale insect are recorded for the first time from the island of Antigua, Antigua and Barbuda, Lesser Antilles, Caribbean: Aleyrodidae – Dialeurodes schefflerae Hodges & Dooley and Minutaleyrodes minuta (Singh); Coccidae – Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green); Conchaspididae – Conchaspis angraeci Cockerell; Diaspididae – Duplachionaspis divergens (Green), Mycetaspis personata (Comstock), Parlatoria proteus (Curtis); and Pseudococcidae – Ferrisia dasylirii (Cockerell). The geographical distribution, host range and economic importance of each of the whiteflies and scale insects are summarised. Three of these species, D. schefflerae, M. minuta and D. divergens are native to Asia and have been spreading in the Caribbean in recent years, most probably with plant trade.

Studies on the biology, ecology and economic importance of the sugar-cane scale insect, Aulacaspis tegalensis (Zhnt.) (Diaspididae), in Mauritius

1970 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Cane Juice ◽  
Aulacaspis Tegalensis

Aulacaspis tegalensis (Zhnt.) (Diaspididae) infests the stems, and to a lesser extent the leaves, of sugar-cane. It is indigenous to Malaya and the islands of S.E. Asia, and has been introduced to the Mascarene Islands and East Africa. Its biology and economic importance were studied in Mauritius. Development and construction of the scale in both sexes are described. The life cycle takes 3–9 weeks, the female laying 700–800 eggs over 10 weeks in summer and 14 in winter. Feeding in the stem is in the parenchyma; the path of the stylet is intracellular and vascular bundles are avoided. Stem surfaces are essential for population increase. The leaf sheaths which invest stems tightly or loosely according to their age, have a decisive role among factors that influence intensity and pattern of stem infestation. Field infestations may be severe in dry coastal areas. Populations increase in March-May, and decline in July-November. The determining factors are seasonal weather, crop growth, harvesting and natural enemies. Dispersal, by the eggs and crawlers, is passive. Adelencyrtus miyarai Tachikawa (Encyrtidae) is constantly associated with Aulacaspis tegalensis and is heavily hyperparasitised by Tetrastichus sp. (Eulophidae). The most frequent predators are Lindorus lophanthae (Blaisd.) (Coccinellidae), Cybocephalus mollis Endrödy-Younga (Nitidulidae) and mites. Predators are important only in the regulation of large A. tegalensis populations. Reductions in the sucrose content of the cane juice are directly proportional to the numbers of scales present on each interaode; growth of canes is not obviously affected, but grown canes may die before harvest. Reduced germination and growth may result from use of infested propagative material. Practicable control measures comprise use of clean or hot-water-treated propagative material, field hygiene and block harvesting, removal of dry leaves to expose the stems, and varying the date of harvest.

Scale insect fauna (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of New Zealand’s pygmy mistletoes (Korthalsella: Viscaceae) with description of three new species: Leucaspis albotecta, L. trilobata (Diaspididae) and Eriococcus korthalsellae (Eriococcidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2644 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSA C. HENDERSON ◽  
AMIR SULTAN ◽  
ALASTAIR W. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Black Scale ◽  
Three New Species

The scale insect fauna recorded on the pigmy mistletoe genus Korthalsella (Viscaceae) and New Zealand’s loranthaceous mistletoes is reviewed. Three new species from New Zealand discovered on Korthalsella species during this study are described: the adult female, 2nd-instar male and female nymphs of two pupillarial species Leucaspis albotecta sp. nov. and Leucaspis trilobata sp. nov. (Diaspididae); and the adult female, 2nd-instar male and female nymphs and 1st-instar nymph of Eriococcus korthalsellae sp. nov. (Eriococcidae). A distribution map is provided for the three new species. We report the first records of adventive (exotic) scale insects on Korthalsella species in New Zealand – Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, soft brown scale, Saissetia coffeae (Walker), hemispherical scale, S. oleae (Olivier), black scale (Coccidae), and Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, oleander scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), latania scale, H. rapax (Comstock), greedy scale (Diaspididae), while three native scale insects are also first records: Kalasiris perforata (Maskell) (Coccidae), Eriococcus pallidus Maskell (Eriococcidae) and Paracoccus glaucus (Maskell) (Pseudococcidae). Ten scale insect species are listed for New Zealand’s loranthaceous mistletoes.

THE SCALE INSECTS OF IRAN Part 1 THE ARMOURED SCALES (HEMIPTERA: COCCOMORPHA: DIASPIDIDAE)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4907 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-276
Author(s):  
MASUMEH MOGHADDAM ◽  
GILLIAN W. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Line Drawings

Iran is situated at the junctions of the Palaearctic and Oriental zoogeographical regions, and the Caspian, Baluchi and Irano-Tiranian floral zones, so it has a very diverse scale insect fauna. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) are economically important in forestry, agriculture and horticulture. This taxonomic account of the armoured scales (Diaspididae) of Iran is the first of three works planned to cover all the scale insects in the country. It provides a resource for accurate laboratory identification of all the species known to occur in Iran or that are likely to be found there. Keys to the families of scale insects found in Iran, and to the 49 genera and 144 species of Diaspididae found there, are provided. Detailed line drawings of all the species known to occur in Iran are provided to facilitate identification. These are accompanied by detailed descriptions, distribution data, information on natural enemies, economic importance and host-plants recorded in Iran. The main purpose of the work is to provide agricultural entomologists concerned with pest control and quarantine inspection worldwide with a reliable means of species identification. 

scholarly journals Coccidology. The study of scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumasa Kondo ◽  
Penny J. Gullan ◽  
Douglas J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Insect Identification

<p class="Corpoica">A brief introduction to the science of coccidology, and a synopsis of the history, advances and challenges in this field of study are discussed. The changes in coccidology since the publication of the <em>Systema Naturae </em>by Carolus Linnaeus 250 years ago are briefly reviewed. The economic importance, the phylogenetic relationships and the application of DNA barcoding to scale insect identification are also considered in the discussion section. </p><p class="Corpoica"> </p><p class="Corpoica"><strong>Coccidología. El estudio de insectos escama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) </strong></p><p class="Corpoica">Se presenta una breve introducción a la ciencia de la coccidología y se discute una sinopsis de la historia, avances y desafíos de este campo de estudio. Se hace una breve revisión de los cambios de la coccidología desde la publicación de <em>Systema Naturae </em>por Carolus Linnaeus hace 250 años. También se discuten la importancia económica, las relaciones filogenéticas y la aplicación de códigos de barras del ADN en la identificación de insectos escama. </p>

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