scholarly journals Moxifloxacin based axially swept wide-field fluorescence microscopy for high-speed imaging of conjunctival goblet cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4890
Author(s):  
Jungbin Lee ◽  
Seonghan Kim ◽  
Chang Ho Yoon ◽  
Myoung Joon Kim ◽  
Ki Hean Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Conjunctival Goblet Cells

scholarly journals In vivo fluorescence imaging of conjunctival goblet cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seonghan Kim ◽  
Seunghun Lee ◽  
Hoonchul Chang ◽  
Moses Kim ◽  
Myoung Joon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Ophthalmic Solution ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Ocular Surface Diseases ◽  
Conjunctival Goblet Cells

Abstract Conjunctival goblet cells (GCs) are specialized epithelial cells that secrete mucins onto the ocular surface to maintain the wet environment. Assessment of GCs is important because various ocular surface diseases are associated with their loss. Although there are GC assessment methods available, the current methods are either invasive or difficult to use. In this report, we developed a simple and non-invasive GC assessment method based on fluorescence imaging. Moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution was used to label GCs via topical administration, and then various fluorescence microscopies could image GCs in high contrasts. Fluorescence imaging of GCs in the mouse conjunctiva was confirmed by both confocal reflection microscopy and histology with Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) labeling. Real-time in-vivo conjunctival GC imaging was demonstrated in a rat model by using both confocal fluorescence microscopy and simple wide-field fluorescence microscopy. Different GC densities were observed in the forniceal and bulbar conjunctivas of the rat eye. Moxifloxacin based fluorescence imaging provides high-contrast images of conjunctival GCs non-invasively and could be useful for the study or diagnosis of GC related ocular surface diseases.

Ca2+ spark sites in smooth muscle cells are numerous and differ in number of ryanodine receptors, large-conductance K+ channels, and coupling ratio between them

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (6) ◽  
pp. C1577-C1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghua ZhuGe ◽  
Kevin E. Fogarty ◽  
Stephen P. Baker ◽  
John G. McCarron ◽  
Richard A. Tuft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ryanodine Receptors ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Bk Channels ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Coupling Ratio ◽  
Patch Clamp Recording ◽  
High Speed Imaging

Ca2+ sparks are highly localized Ca2+ transients caused by Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum through ryanodine receptors (RyR). In smooth muscle, Ca2+ sparks activate nearby large-conductance, Ca2+-sensitive K+ (BK) channels to generate spontaneous transient outward currents (STOC). The properties of individual sites that give rise to Ca2+ sparks have not been examined systematically. We have characterized individual sites in amphibian gastric smooth muscle cells with simultaneous high-speed imaging of Ca2+ sparks using wide-field digital microscopy and patch-clamp recording of STOC in whole cell mode. We used a signal mass approach to measure the total Ca2+ released at a site and to estimate the Ca2+ current flowing through RyR [ ICa(spark)]. The variance between spark sites was significantly greater than the intrasite variance for the following parameters: Ca2+ signal mass, ICa(spark), STOC amplitude, and 5-ms isochronic STOC amplitude. Sites that failed to generate STOC did so consistently, while those at the remaining sites generated STOC without failure, allowing the sites to be divided into STOC-generating and STOC-less sites. We also determined the average number of spark sites, which was 42/cell at a minimum and more likely on the order of at least 400/cell. We conclude that 1) spark sites differ in the number of RyR, BK channels, and coupling ratio of RyR-BK channels, and 2) there are numerous Ca2+ spark-generating sites in smooth muscle cells. The implications of these findings for the organization of the spark microdomain are explored.

High Speed Imaging of the Fragmentation of the Jules Verne Automated Transfer Vehicle

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Giannopapa ◽  
J. Hatton ◽  
E. Franken ◽  
B. van der Linden ◽  
P. Jenniskens
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
High Frame Rate ◽  
Jules Verne ◽  
Rendezvous And Docking ◽  
Field View

The Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) “Jules Verne” is the first completely automated rendezvous and docking spaceship to service to the International Space Station (ISS). As a cargo ship, it is designed for one-time use. After completing its mission, it is subjected to hypersonic flow during the re-entry into earth’s atmosphere, with high associated heat flux leading to structural heating and fragmentation of the vehicle. During its first voyage on September 29, 2008, the ATV reentry was observed using various instruments including a wide field view camera and high frame rate cameras. Using the wide field view camera the trajectory path can be reconstructed. The high frame rate camera gives information about the sequence of the events of the explosions and fragmentations of various parts of the spacecraft. The aim of this paper is to present the detailed events that occurred during the ATV re-entry.

scholarly journals Label-free high-speed wide-field imaging of single microtubules using interference reflection microscopy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahamdeh ◽  
Steve Simmert ◽  
Anna Luchniak ◽  
Erik Schäeffer ◽  
Jonathon Howard
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Fluorescent Labeling ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Differential Interference Contrast ◽  
Label Free ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Highly Sensitive

SummaryWhen studying microtubules in vitro, label free imaging of single microtubules is necessary when the quantity of purified tubulin is too low for efficient fluorescent labeling or there is concern that labelling will disrupt its function. Commonly used techniques for observing unlabeled microtubules, such as video enhanced differential interference contrast, dark-field and more recently laser-based interferometric scattering microscopy, suffer from a number of drawbacks. The contrast of differential interference contrast images depends on the orientation of the microtubules, dark-field is highly sensitive to impurities and optical misalignments, and interferometric scattering has a limited field of view. In addition, all of these techniques require costly optical components such as Nomarski prisms, dark-field condensers, lasers and laser scanners. Here we show that single microtubules can be imaged at high speed and with high contrast using interference reflection microscopy without the aforementioned drawbacks. Interference reflection microscopy is simple to implement, requiring only the incorporation of a 50/50 mirror instead of a dichroic in a fluorescence microscope, and with appropriate microscope settings has similar signal-to-noise ratio to differential interference contrast and fluorescence. We demonstrated the utility of interference reflection microscopy by high speed imaging and tracking of dynamic microtubules at 100 frames per second. In conclusion, the image quality of interference reflection microscopy is similar to or exceeds that of all other techniques and, with minimal microscope modification, can be used to study the dynamics of unlabeled microtubules.

Scanning x-ray fluorescence microscopy and principal component analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1752-1753
Author(s):  
Brian Cross
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fluorescence Microscope ◽  
Acquisition Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Speed Up

A relatively new entry, in the field of microscopy, is the Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence Microscope (SXRFM). Using this type of instrument (e.g. Kevex Omicron X-ray Microprobe), one can obtain multiple elemental x-ray images, from the analysis of materials which show heterogeneity. The SXRFM obtains images by collimating an x-ray beam (e.g. 100 μm diameter), and then scanning the sample with a high-speed x-y stage. To speed up the image acquisition, data is acquired "on-the-fly" by slew-scanning the stage along the x-axis, like a TV or SEM scan. To reduce the overhead from "fly-back," the images can be acquired by bi-directional scanning of the x-axis. This results in very little overhead with the re-positioning of the sample stage. The image acquisition rate is dominated by the x-ray acquisition rate. Therefore, the total x-ray image acquisition rate, using the SXRFM, is very comparable to an SEM. Although the x-ray spatial resolution of the SXRFM is worse than an SEM (say 100 vs. 2 μm), there are several other advantages.

Experimental Measurement of In-Plane Rolling Nonpneumatic Tire Vibrations Using High-Speed Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-210
Author(s):  
Meghashyam Panyam ◽  
Beshah Ayalew ◽  
Timothy Rhyne ◽  
Steve Cron ◽  
John Adcox
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Correlation Algorithm ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Plane Deformations ◽  
Dominant Frequencies

ABSTRACT This article presents a novel experimental technique for measuring in-plane deformations and vibration modes of a rotating nonpneumatic tire subjected to obstacle impacts. The tire was mounted on a modified quarter-car test rig, which was built around one of the drums of a 500-horse power chassis dynamometer at Clemson University's International Center for Automotive Research. A series of experiments were conducted using a high-speed camera to capture the event of the rotating tire coming into contact with a cleat attached to the surface of the drum. The resulting video was processed using a two-dimensional digital image correlation algorithm to obtain in-plane radial and tangential deformation fields of the tire. The dynamic mode decomposition algorithm was implemented on the deformation fields to extract the dominant frequencies that were excited in the tire upon contact with the cleat. It was observed that the deformations and the modal frequencies estimated using this method were within a reasonable range of expected values. In general, the results indicate that the method used in this study can be a useful tool in measuring in-plane deformations of rolling tires without the need for additional sensors and wiring.

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