scholarly journals BIODEGRADATION OF POLYBLEND POLYPROPILENE- PALM OIL-AMYLUM BY Bacillus subtilus AND Clostridium botulinum

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Zainal Fanani ◽  
Miksusanti Miksusanti ◽  
Desnelli Desnelli
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Lower Melting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lower Melting Point ◽  
Bacillus Subtilus ◽  
Function Group

It had been done a biodegradation polyblend from blending polypropilene-palm oil-amylum with three composition of polyblend i.e polyblend A 80% polypropilene- 19.5% palm oil- 0.5% amylum, poliblend B 80% polypropilene- 19% palm oil- 1% amylum and polyblend C 80% polypropilene-18% palm oil- 2% amylum by B. subtilus and C. botulinum, time incubation was twenty five days. The characterization of polyblend before and after biodegradation has done with FTIR, DTA, Viscometre and tensile strength of polyblend. The result showed that Bacillus subtilus and Clostridium botulinum can biodegradate polyblend and make holes as well as chink on polyblend especially polyblend C, because it has more carbohidrat than polyblend A and B. Analysis from FTIR showed compatible of poliblend because it did not have a new function group and did not change of wavelength. Data of tensile strength showed lower value after biodegradation at polyblend C and from DTA and Viscometre showed lower melting point and lower average molecule weight, respectively.   Keywords: Biodegradation, Polyblend, Bacillus, Clostridium

A lower-melting-point solder alloy for surface mounts

JOM ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 54-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. McCormack ◽  
Y. Degani ◽  
H. S. Chen ◽  
W. R. Gesick
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Solder Alloy ◽  
Lower Melting ◽  
Lower Melting Point ◽  
Surface Mounts

Thermo-Physical Characterization of Kraft Lignin Mixed with Bio-Plasticizers: A Valorization Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1193-1206
Author(s):  
Rani P. Ramachandran ◽  
Stefan Cenkowski ◽  
Jitendra Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Physical Characterization ◽  
List Type ◽  
Physical Density

HighlightsThermo-physical characterization of two types of Kraft lignin mixed with three bio-plasticizer.Crude glycerol showed the greater depression in melting point with its increasing proportion.The acidic lignin has more tensile strength and density than the alkaline lignin.Micro-pores of the lignin pellet were minimized by adding bio-plasticizer.Abstract. Kraft lignin, a by-product of the paper industry, is well known for its binding properties, enabling its use in the production of pellets and briquettes from biomass. Different bio-plasticizers, by-products from the vegetable oil processing industry, could serve as plasticizers for biomass briquettes. The properties of three bio-plasticizers (glycerol, fatty acid, and biodiesel), when mixed with isolated Kraft lignin, were studied to identify their potential application as efficient binders for biomass briquettes. The phase transition characteristics (glass transition, pre-melting crystallization, and melting) of two types of isolated lignin samples (acidic and alkaline) and lignin-plasticizer mixtures were determined using a differential scanning calorimeter. The mechanical (tensile strength) and physical (density) characteristics of the compacted cylindrical lignin pellets were tested. The spatial distribution of micropores in the lignin pellets was studied using x-ray tomography. Even though an overlap was observed in the glass transition temperatures of the mixtures, a significant depression in the pre-melting crystallization and melting temperatures was observed for both lignin samples containing elevated concentrations of the bio-plasticizers, and the highest tensile strength was obtained for pellets with 10% bio-plasticizer. Among the three bio-plasticizers, crude glycerol showed the greatest depression in melting point with increasing proportions of both acidic lignin (60.7°C ±2°C) and alkaline lignin (85.1°C ±2°C). In general, alkaline lignin showed some limitations over acidic lignin in the tensile strength of the pellets as well as their fusion temperature, even though the addition of a bio-plasticizer improved the strength and depressed the melting point in both lignin-based samples. Keywords: Bio-plasticizer, Lignin, Mechanical properties, Microstructure, Phase transition.

scholarly journals Beiträge zur Chemie des Phosphors, 68 Tri-t-butyl-cyclotriphosphan.

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1305-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Baudler ◽  
Josef Hahn ◽  
Hermann Dietsch ◽  
Gabriele Fürstenberg
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Pure State ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Ring Plane ◽  
Lower Melting ◽  
Lower Melting Point

In the reaction of magnesium with trimethylchlorosilane and t-butyldichlorophosphane the hitherto unknown tri-t-butyl-cyclotriphosphane, (t-BuP)3 (1), is produced besides the partially silylated phosphanes t-BuP(SiMe3)2 and (t-BuPSiMe3)2 as well as the cyclotetraphosphane (t-BuP)4. Shortly after the beginning of the reaction the amount of 1 is about 50 mole-% and decreases during the reaction time. Thermally and in solution the P3 ring compound (1) is surprisingly stable and can be isolated in a pure state by fractional distillation. (t-BuP)3 clearly differs from the oligomeric (t-BuP)4 by the lower melting point, the molar mass and by the 31P NMR and IR spectra. The t-butyl groups in 1 are situated above and below the P3 ring plane.

scholarly journals Chlorosulphonation of 2,4-dimethylacetanilide

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
WLF Armarego
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Authentic Sample ◽  
Rigorous Proof ◽  
Lower Melting ◽  
Lower Melting Point ◽  
Made In

The reaction of chlorosulphonic acid with 2,4-dimethylacetanilide was described in two patents the orientation of the sulphonyl group in the sulphonyl chloride formed (m.p.147�) was not stated. This reaction was later repeated and was said to yield 5-acetamido-2,4-dimethylbenzenesulphonyl chloride which had a lower melting point (133-134�). Because no rigorous proof of the constitution of the product was given by these authors, the reaction was reexamined and is reported here. The acetamidodimethylbenzenesulphonyl chloride obtained in this work had m.p. 146.5-147�. It reacted with ammonia to give 5-acetamido-2,4-dimethylbenzene-sulphonamide which was hydrolysed to 5-amino-2.4-dimethylbenzenesulphonamide. The constitution of these products was established by diazotizing the latter compound and converting it into 5-iodo-2,4-dimethylbenzenesulphonamide. The melting point of the iodo compound (188-188.5�) differed from the melting point (176�) described in the literature for this compound which was prepared by sulphonation of 1-iodo-2,4-dimethylbenzene followed by conversion into the sulphonyl chloride and then into the amide. 5-Iodo-2,4-dimethylbenzenesulphonamide was reduced with zinc and ammonia to 2,4-dimethylbenzenesulphonamide whose melting point was similar to the value in the 1iterature it did not depress the melting point of an authentic sample made in two steps from sodium 2,4-dimethylbenzenesulphonate, and its p.m.r. spectrum was consistent with its structure, i.e. H5 and H6 gave a quartet with a coupling of 9 Hz characteristic of ortho benzene protons.

Characterization of Gamma Irradiated PP/LDPE Blend

2014 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Tatiana Mayumi Moori ◽  
Mauro Cesar Terence ◽  
Nilson Casimiro Pereira ◽  
Sonia Braunstein Faldini ◽  
Leila Figueiredo de Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Polymeric Chains ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

This study analyzed nine polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blends where the mass concentrations of each sample were changed, proportionally. The aim was to investigate the tensile strength by means of these polymers best combination, before and after its exposal to gamma rays. The results showed that the 20/80 - PP/LDPE blend had a better performance concerning mechanical properties after irradiation, where the maximums tensile stress had an average increase of 30% in 30 and 50 kGy doses and 33% in the 200 kGy dose. On the other hand, it was verified that the higher blend's PP concentration, the higher its tensile strength will be (except for 100 kGy and 200 kGy doses which PP concentration over 70% can cause eventual degradation in the polymeric chains of the blend).

Phase and Morphological Transformation of Preformed AZ91D Magnesium Alloys in Remelting

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 473-476
Author(s):  
Ming-Xu Xia ◽  
Hong-xing Zheng ◽  
Sen Yuan ◽  
Jian Guo Li
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Semisolid State ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Lower Melting ◽  
Partial Remelting ◽  
Final Microstructure ◽  
Lower Melting Point ◽  
Two Stages

The phase and morphological transformation during the remelting process was investigated by isothermal soaking and rapidly quenching of preformed AZ91D magnesium alloys in semisolid state. It was revealed that the morphological transformation of preformed alloys is crucial to obtain homogenously fine spheroidal grains and affect the final forming ability. The transformation is divided into two stages, local remelting of the whole experiment and partial remelting of the respective grains, which behave as liquid bands and liquid cells structures, respectively. In the partial melting, the lower melting point phase, β-Mg17Al12, diffused to the grains boundary and center of the grains and separated to Al2Mg and Mg. The Al2Mg and Mg phases with lower melting points melt into cells structures. The final microstructure of the remelting experiments is composed of cells structures, spheroidal grains and liquid phase.

A Vertical Type Tandem Twin Roll Caster for Clad Strip Equipped with a Scraper

2014 ◽  
Vol 611-612 ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Haga ◽  
Hiroshi Tsuge ◽  
Takuya Ishihara ◽  
Shinji Kumai ◽  
Hisaki Watari
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Lower Melting ◽  
Lower Melting Point ◽  
Twin Roll Caster ◽  
Twin Roll

A vertical type tandem twin roll caster equipped with a scraper for the clad strip was invented. This roll caster could cast three layers clad strip which base strip had lower melting point than that of the overlay strips. The base strip was cast by an upper twin roll caster and the overlay strips were cast by a lower twin roll caster. The scrapers were attached to the lower twin roll caster, and were innovated to cast this type of three layers of clad strip. Solidification layers those became the overlay strips were pulled from between the scraper and the roll. The melt of the alloy which was as same as the base strip was poured between the scraper and the base strip. This melt connect the overlay strip and the base strip. The base strip was not re-melted. The scraper enabled that the solidification layer of the overlay strip contact to the melt of the base strip without mixing of the melt of the base and overlay strip. In this way, the sound three layers clad strip which base strip had lower melting point than that of the overlay strip could be cast by the vertical type tandem twin roll caster equipped with a scraper.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT POLIURETAN DENGAN PENGISI (FILLER) MIKRO KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Pada Mulia Raja
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Polypropylene Glycol ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
A Value

Polyurethane is a type of polymer made by reacting polyol (OH) groups with isocyanate (NCO) groups. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of a mixture of polyol and toluene sources as well as by adding the composition of activated carbon of palm shell as a filler to determine the best results. The materials used in making composites are PPG (Polypropylene Glycol), TDI (Toluent DiIsocyanate) and Palm Oil Shell Activated Carbon. Palm shells are carbonated at 600 ◦C, then made into powder using a ball mill and then sieved with 110 mesh particle sieve and activated using 10% H2SO4. Furthermore Polyurethanes are made by mixing, PPG (Polypropylene Glycol), TDI (Toluent in Isocyanate) with a ratio of 60%: 40% and then added the activated carbon of palm oil shell as a filler with polyurethane: 95% active carbon (P1), 90 %: 10% (P2), 80%; 20% (P3), and 75%: 25% (P4), then the functional group (FT-IR) and mechanical properties testing consisted of tensile strength and elasticity values. The results of the characterization of amine (NH), methyl groups (C-H3), Acetyl groups (CN), carbonyl groups (C = O), isocyanate groups (N = C = O), and Aromatic Rings (C = C) . This can be concluded after the addition of activated carbon palm shell does not cause chemical reactions in the functional group. While the results of the characterization of the tensile strength of P0 to P1 with a value of 0.1966 MPa to 0.0317 MPa, then increased in the composition of 90 P2, P3, and P4 with values of 0.0985 MPa, 0.2318 MPa, 0.2981MPa, and finally occurred decrease again in the composition of P5. While the highest elasticity value on composites with a ratio of P4 is 0.05196 MPa, while the lowest elasticity value on the composition of P5 with a value of 0.0475 MPa.  

scholarly journals Bi2(C2O4)3·7H2O and Bi(C2O4)OH Oxalates Thermal Decomposition Revisited. Formation of Nanoparticles with a Lower Melting Point than Bulk Bismuth

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (16) ◽  
pp. 9486-9496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Roumanille ◽  
Valérie Baco-Carles ◽  
Corine Bonningue ◽  
Michel Gougeon ◽  
Benjamin Duployer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Lower Melting ◽  
Lower Melting Point
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