Research Brief: Effect of Feed Form andFeeder Position on Feed Consumption Patterns in Male Broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-658
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Purswell ◽  
Elizabeth J. Kim ◽  
Scott L. Branton
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
List Type ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Handling Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Feed Form ◽  
Feeding Systems ◽  
Feeder Space

Highlights Male broilers showed significant preference for whole pellets as compared to a 50:50 (by mass) mixture of pellets and fines and 100% fines. Broilers preferentially consumed pellets from the mixed diets, with 65% of the mixed diet consumed as pellets. Changes in feeder location did not affect preferences, and locations of preferred feed forms were readily re-acquired after re-positioning. Variation in pellet content may reduce effective feeder space through increased competition for pellets. Abstract. Post-starter phase broiler diets are almost universally pelleted during the manufacturing process to improve nutrient density, handling characteristics, and live performance. Low pellet durability, transportation, and on-farm handling and distribution can result in pellet destruction, ultimately resulting in variation in pellet distribution in a wire-auger feeding system. Given that poultry selectively feed to meet nutritional needs, the variation in pellet distribution observed in commercial feeding systems may result in a reduction in effective feeder space through increased competition for pellets. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of mixtures of feed form and location on feed consumption patterns in broilers. Feed form treatments included 100% pellets (P), a 50:50 mix (M) of pellets and fines (by mass), and 100% fines (F). A total of 264 broilers were randomly allocated to each of six rooms at 37 days of age and provided with each of the three feed form treatments in separate feeders. Feeder locations were rotated every three days, allowing each feed form treatment to be located in all three feeder positions. Overall mean consumption rates for each feed form treatment were significantly different (p = 0.0001) with 70.3%, 21.3%, and 8.1% for the pellet only, mixed, and fines diets, respectively, and a pooled SEM of 0.02%. No significant differences were found for feeder position (p = 0.12) or test period (p = 0.91). Broilers were able to reliably re-acquire the position of preferred feed form treatments after each location change Keywords: Feeding systems, Housing design, Poultry.

ECOLOGY OF INTEGRATED FARMING OF FISH AND GEESE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
Yu.M. Subbotina ◽  
◽  
L.S. Loginova ◽  
V.I. Belousov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Consumption Rates

The article deals with the problem of growing fish in integration not only with ducks, but also geese. The planned livestock is determined by the land and water resources available on the farm. The standards of fish cultivation and feed consumption rates for raising geese are considered. The article provides a brief technology of keeping geese in the pond water area. The economic efficiency of the integrated cultivation of fish and geese in reservoirs of complex purpose is emphasized.

Texture Consumption Patterns of 8- to 12-Month-Old Infants: A Reflection of Typical Feeding Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Amy L. Delaney ◽  
Megan Van Hoorn ◽  
Sarah Staskiewicz ◽  
Mary Beth Feuling ◽  
Stephanie Pladies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
List Type ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Feeding Disorder ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Pediatric Feeding ◽  
Feeding Development

Purpose The lack of age-appropriate expectations for the acquisition of feeding skills and consumption of textured food in early childhood inhibits early and accurate identification of developmental delay in feeding and pediatric feeding disorder. The objective of this study was to describe texture intake patterns in a cohort of typically developing infants between 8 and 12 months of age, with the aim of informing future research to establish targets for feeding skill acquisition. Method Using cross-sectional methodology, we studied the presence of liquid and solid textures and drinking methods in the diet, consumption patterns by texture and drinking methods, and caloric intake by texture via caregiver questionnaire and 3-day dietary intake record in 63 healthy infants between 8 and 12 months of age. Descriptive statistics and a one-way analysis of variance were conducted to compare the effect of age on texture intake patterns. Results Findings reveal rapid advancement of intake patterns for texture overall and for energy intake by texture between 8 and 12 months of age. Whereas liquids continue to provide a large proportion of total energy through this time, solids contribute an equal proportion of energy by 12 months of age. Conclusions This study describes texture intake patterns in a cohort of typically developing infants between 8 and 12 months of age by examining the presence of texture and drinking methods, liquid and solid consumption patterns, and energy intake by texture. When applied to data from a future population sample, findings will provide a threshold for age expectations for typical and disordered feeding development to aid in the detection of developmental delay in feeding and pediatric feeding disorder. What Is Known: Expectations regarding early feeding development have been focused on nutrition parameters. Lack of standardized, age-appropriate expectations for texture progression in infancy and early childhood inhibits early and accurate identification and treatment of pediatric feeding disorder. What Is New: We have described changes in dietary composition by texture and drinking method in healthy infants. Together with nutritional composition, this study describes a more comprehensive assessment of infant feeding, particularly to clinicians who need to diagnose feeding skill deficits. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16879615

scholarly journals The Impact of Nutrient Density, Feed Form, and Photoperiod on the Walking Ability and Skeletal Quality of Broiler Chickens

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 2117-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Brickett ◽  
J.P. Dahiya ◽  
H.L. Classen ◽  
C.B. Annett ◽  
S. Gomis
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Feed Form ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Large home range scavengers support higher rates of carcass removal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cayetano Gutiérrez-Cánovas ◽  
Marcos Moleón ◽  
Patricia Mateo-Tomás ◽  
Pedro P. Olea ◽  
Esther Sebastián-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Functional Equivalence ◽  
List Type ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Functional Identity ◽  
Niche Complementarity ◽  
Consumption Rates

AbstractVertebrate scavenger communities vary in species composition across the globe, and include a wide array of species with diverse ecological strategies and life-histories that support essential ecosystem functions, such as carrion removal. While previous studies have mostly focussed on how community aspects such as species richness and composition affect carrion consumption rates, it remains unclear whether this important function of scavengers is better explained by the dominance of key functional traits or niche complementarity as a result of a diverse functional representation.Here, we test three competitive hypotheses to assess if carrion consumption in vertebrate scavenger communities depends on: i) the presence of key dominant traits (functional identity hypothesis), ii) functional diversity that promotes niche complementarity (functional diversity hypothesis), or iii) the accumulation of individuals and species, irrespective of their trait representation (functional equivalence). To explore these hypotheses, we used five study areas in Spain and South Africa, which represent a gradient of scavenger biodiversity, i.e., ranging from communities dominated by facultative scavengers, such as generalists and meso-predators, to those including vultures and large carnivores.Within study areas, traits that characterise obligate scavengers or large carnivores (e.g. mean home range, proportion of social foragers) were positively linked to rapid carrion consumption, while the biomass of functional groups including facultative scavengers were either weakly or negatively associated with carrion consumption.When combining all study areas, higher rates of carrion consumption were related to scavenger communities dominated by species with large home ranges (e.g. Gyps vultures), which was found to be a key trait. In contrast, metrics describing functional diversity (functional dispersion) and functional equivalence (species richness and abundance) had lower predictive power in explaining carrion consumption patterns.Our data support the functional identity hypothesis as a better framework for explaining carrion consumption rates than functional diversity or equivalence. Our findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms sustaining ecosystem functioning in vertebrate communities and reinforce the role of obligate scavengers and large carnivores as keystone species in terrestrial ecosystems.

The Development of the P.531

1964 ◽  
Vol 68 (642) ◽  
pp. 399-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Ciastula
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
List Type ◽  
Handling Characteristics ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ground Resonance ◽  
Climatic Testing ◽  
Engine Rotor ◽  
Fair Degree

Summary The development of the P.531 family of helicopters covering the period of approximately 5 years is presented. Evolution from the first basic aircraft towards a land-based general purpose helicopter, the Scout, and towards a shipborne helicopter operating from small ships, the Wasp, is presented. The basic design features of the Scout are described briefly as broadly representative of the family. Development experiences are reviewed under the following main headings:—(i) Ground resonance investigations.(ii) Development of satisfactory flight handling characteristics including engine/rotor control system(iii) Substantiation of structural integrity,(iv) Development of systems and operational equipments.(v) Environmental and climatic testing.Development of miniaturised auto-stabilisation/autopilot system, for small helicopters, considered to be an important programme, is briefly reviewed. More detailed consideration is given to operations from small ships. The possible design solutions to ensure satisfactory operation from small ships are briefly reviewed, and the reasons for the solution chosen for the Wasp, i.e. four wheel undercarriage are given. Development experiences with the preferred solution are briefly described. It is shown that for operation from small ships in the Naval application a fair degree of complexity is unavoidable independent of the size of a helicopter. Some statistical data on the development efforts expended are given and some tentative conclusions drawn, aiming at determination of the necessary conditions which would promote a relatively speedy development of a new helicopter.

EVALUATION OF TURKEY BROILER FEEDING PROGRAMS BY BIOLOGICAL ASSAY AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. SALMON ◽  
J. B. O’NEIL
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Commercial Feeds

Five commercial and two experimental turkey broiler feeding programs were compared with a control program by feeding from day-old to market weight (5.0-kg males). The performance of the poults fed the commercial feeds varied widely in rate of growth, feed consumption, feed conversion, carcass grade and cost of meat production. Carcass composition was not greatly influenced by the feeding program, but the eviscerated carcass yield of birds requiring an extended growing period was reduced. An experimental program of progressively increasing nutrient density produced well-finished broilers at 89 days of age with improved feed consumption and conversion over the controls. Another experimental program in which the diets included dehydrated alfalfa, dried brewer’s yeast and partly delactosed whey gave no advantage over the wheat–soybean–meat meal diets of the control program. Chemical analysis of the registered commercial feeds revealed little relationship between the actual and guaranteed analyses except for crude protein. Differences in crude protein and amino acid contents accounted for part of the observed variation in early growth.

Effect of feed form, formulation, and restriction on the performance of laying hens

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Scott ◽  
F. G. Silversides ◽  
D. Tietge ◽  
M. L. Swift
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Feed Form

A laying trial was performed with 1440 DeKalb® hens caged at 18 wk of age to test the effect of feed form (expanded pellets or mash) and type of formulation (for crude protein [CP] or for specific amino acids[AA]), and five levels of feed restriction applied at either 24 wk or 32 wk of age. Formulation for CP rather than AA content resulted in 4.4% greater egg production and 7.1% greater production of egg mass in hens fed mash and 4.0% better feed efficiency in hens fed both mash and pellets. Hens fed mash had 2.3% higher feed consumption, suggesting that the hens may prefer mash. Feed restriction reduced body weight and hen–day egg production proportionate to the restriction level, but egg weight was reduced only slightly. These data suggest that care should be exercised in formulating for AA content rather than for CP, especially if feed intake is reduced. This strain of hens was very successful at regulating its feed intake for maximum production, and even a slight feed restriction produced a negative effect on production. Key words: Laying hens, feed restriction, feed form, feed formulation, protein level

PP185 Oral Health Status And Food Consumption Patterns In Selected Primary School Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (S1) ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
Nabhira Aftabi Binte Islam ◽  
Mahmudul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
World Health ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
List Type ◽  
Eating Patterns

IntroductionNutrition is critical to the oral health of the individual. From gestation through to end of life, nutrition influences the integrity and function of the dentition and supporting oral structures and has a direct effect on health in general. According to the World Health Organization, diet has an important role in the prevention of oral diseases such as dental caries, dental erosion, defects in oral development, diseases of the oral mucosa, and periodontal disease.MethodsA study was conducted to assess the oral health status and food consumption patterns of students attending the Rotary School and College at Mirpur-14, Dhaka on November 2018. Consent was provided by the school headmaster and guardians. A purposive sample of seventy students was taken. A semi-structured questionnaire and checklist was developed in the English and Bengali languages. Data were presented in simple frequency tables.ResultsAmong the respondents the following eating habits were reported: (i)Thirty-one percent drank milk and twenty-eight percent consumed chocolate four to six times per week;(ii)Forty-three percent consumed fast food least seven times per week; and(iii)Forty-two percent ate vegetables and thirty-four percent ate fruits one to three times per week.In terms of oral hygiene practices, sixty-one percent of respondents used toothpaste and thirty-nine percent used tooth powder. Seventy-eight percent of respondents brushed their teeth once a day and twenty-four percent brushed twice daily. The mean number of decayed, missing (due to caries), and filled permanent teeth was 1.47.ConclusionsThe relationship between oral health, dietary practices, nutritional status, and general health is complex, with many interrelated factors. To help children develop healthy eating patterns from an early age, it is important that the food and eating patterns to which they are exposed, both inside and outside the home, promote positive attitudes to good nutrition.

scholarly journals Feed consumption, growth and growth efficiency of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)) fed on diets containing a bacterial single-cell protein

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. K. Perera ◽  
C. G. Carter ◽  
D. F. Houlihan
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Single Cell Protein ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Consumption Rates

The aim of the present study was to compare the nutritive value of bacterial single-cell protein (BSCP) with that of fishmeal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)). Four diets were formulated to contain a total of 458 g crude protein/kg of which 0% was from BSCP in diet 1 (BSCP-0), 25% in diet 2 (BSCP-25), 62·5% in diet 3 (BSCP-62·5) and 100% in diet 4 (BSCP-100); the remainder of the protein was from fishmeal. There were two studies: in study 1, duplicate groups of twenty-five fish were fed on one of the four experimental diets at the rate of 20 g/kg body weight per d for 132 d. Feed consumption rates of individual fish were measured using radiography and the overall apparent absorption efficiency for N in each group was measured over a 2-week period. In study 2, N intake, consumption, absorption and accretion were measured for each fish under controlled environmental conditions (12 h:12 h light-dark regime; 14°). Higher dietary levels of BSCP resulted in significantly higher feed consumption rates but reduced N absorption efficiency and growth rates. However, a diet containing 25% BSCP (75% fishmeal) did not significantly influence growth rates, feed consumption and absorption efficiency compared with a 100% fishmeal diet. The N growth efficiencies were highest in fish fed on the diet containing the highest level of fishmeal and significantly decreased with increasing BSCP content. Construction of N budgets demonstrated that the reduction in growth in fish eating an increasingly larger proportion of BSCP was due to a decrease in N absorption and an increase in the excretion of urea.

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