Effect of feed form, formulation, and restriction on the performance of laying hens

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Scott ◽  
F. G. Silversides ◽  
D. Tietge ◽  
M. L. Swift
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Feed Form

A laying trial was performed with 1440 DeKalb® hens caged at 18 wk of age to test the effect of feed form (expanded pellets or mash) and type of formulation (for crude protein [CP] or for specific amino acids[AA]), and five levels of feed restriction applied at either 24 wk or 32 wk of age. Formulation for CP rather than AA content resulted in 4.4% greater egg production and 7.1% greater production of egg mass in hens fed mash and 4.0% better feed efficiency in hens fed both mash and pellets. Hens fed mash had 2.3% higher feed consumption, suggesting that the hens may prefer mash. Feed restriction reduced body weight and hen–day egg production proportionate to the restriction level, but egg weight was reduced only slightly. These data suggest that care should be exercised in formulating for AA content rather than for CP, especially if feed intake is reduced. This strain of hens was very successful at regulating its feed intake for maximum production, and even a slight feed restriction produced a negative effect on production. Key words: Laying hens, feed restriction, feed form, feed formulation, protein level

scholarly journals Metabolizable energy levels for semi-heavy laying hens at the second production cycle

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-862
Author(s):  
Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa ◽  
Janaine Sena da Costa ◽  
Cláudia de Castro Goulart ◽  
Denise Fontana Figueiredo-Lima ◽  
Raul da Cunha Lima Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion

This study was carried out to evaluate the energy levels in the diet to obtain better performance rates and quality of eggs from laying hens in the second production cycle. One hundred and eighty Bovans Goldline laying hens with 62 weeks of age were used during four 28-day periods. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four metabolizable energy levels (2,650, 2,725, 2,800, 2,875 and 2,950 kcal/kg), each with six replicates of six birds. The energy level of diet did not affect the weight of the egg, yolk, albumen and eggshell, the percentages of yolk, albumen and eggshell, yolk color and egg specific gravity. Feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs increased significantly with increasing levels of metabolizable energy. Feed intake decreased linearly as the energy level in the diet increased. The metabolizable energy levels showed a quadratic effect on egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs. The metabolizable energy level of 2,830 kcal/kg was the most appropriate to promote better performance and quality of eggs from laying hens in the second production cycle.

scholarly journals Feeding a definite concentration of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids to laying hens

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1393
Author(s):  
E. E. NASSEF ◽  
A. A. BAKR ◽  
A. S. SALAMA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Epa And Dha

The experiment designed to study the influences of nutritional eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids (FA) on performance, egg yolk fat characteristics and FA profile in laying hens. From 30 to 36 weeks of age, 180 laying hens were allotted randomly to 2 dietary treatments, each of 6 replicates (15 birds for each replicate). The control diet was supplied with soy oil while the experimental diet was supplied with EPA and DHA to create 2 different ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA (18.8:1 and 5:1, respectively). The egg production % was recorded daily. The eggs were weighed to estimate egg mass. Also, feed consumption was recorded daily and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was estimated. The FA profile of egg yolk was determined in the last week of the experiment. The dietary EPA and DHA resulted in significantly higher egg production (76.89 versus 67.23%), weightier egg mass (42.46 versus 37. 72 g) and lower FCR (2.49 versus 2.72) than the control. Also, supplying the dietary EPA and DHA was reflected in increasing of total polyunsaturated and n-3 FA in the eggs. Moreover, reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA to 5:1 decreased egg triglycerides, total cholesterol and cholesterol associated with low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein. In conclusion, supplying EPA and DHA in the diet of laying hens positively influences performance, egg yolk FA profile and cholesterol. Practically, EPA and DHA could be used in laying hen diets to improve their performance and enhance public health of egg consumers.

scholarly journals Hen reproductive function under the influence of technological stressor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Osadcha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Efficiency Factor ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Negative Effect

Modern industrial poultry enterprises use cage equipment for keeping laying hens, which is located in 12 and even 15 tiers, forming 4–5 floors. This makes it possible to increase the birds concentration in the poultry house by 4–5 times as compared to 3-tier cage batteries, and by 8–10 times as compared to the outdoor method of keeping. When using a 4–5 floors arrangement of cage batteries, the number of hens in one poultry house can reach 590 thousand birds. However, there are no data on the effect of such keeping on the physiological state of hens. Therefore, it is relevant to study the effect of the height of the cage battery on the reproductive function of laying hens of an industrial herd, which forms the efficiency of production of edible eggs. For this, in the conditions of a modern complex for the production of edible eggs, 4 groups of hens were formed, each of which was kept on a separate floor-analogue in area and cage equipment, located in one poultry house. Each floor was equipped with 3-tier cage batteries: tiers 1–3 were part of the 1st floor, tiers 4–6 — on the 2nd, 7–9 tiers — on the 3rd, and tiers 10–12 — 4th floors of cage equipment. The reproductive function of hens was assessed by the egg production for the initial and middle hens, its intensity and the weight of eggs. The research results showed that the content of layers in the cages of the batteries of the second floor was accompanied by a slight decrease in the safety of livestock — by 0.2–0.5%, egg production per initial layer — by 1.9–2.2%, which led to a decrease in the gross production of eggs by 0.6–0.7 million eggs, egg mass — by 48.9–67.0 tons and a decrease in the European efficiency factor by 0.7–0.9 units.Whereas when keeping laying hens in the cages of batteries on the first floor, there was a decrease in preservation by 10.3–10.8%, egg production per initial hen — by 6.4– 8.4% and body weight — by 7.5–8.1%, which led to a decrease in the gross production of eggs by 1.9–2.6 million pieces, egg mass — by 143.8–210.8 tons and a decrease in the level of the European coefficient of efficiency of egg production by 1.7–2.6 units. Thus, an increase in the layering of the cage equipment does not have a negative effect on hens reproductive function and the keeping of laying hens in the cages of the batteries of the first floor leads to the development of a stress state in them, which manifests itself in a decrease in the safety and deterioration of hens reproductive function, which leads to decrease in the efficiency of egg production.

THE INFLUENCE OF RESTRICTED FEED INTAKE OF CONFINEMENT-REARED PULLETS ON THEIR PERFORMANCE DURING THE LAYING PERIOD

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Gardiner ◽  
T. M. MacIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Restricted Feed Intake

Two experiments were conducted to measure some of the effects of varying the length and the degree of feed restriction of confinement-reared pullets on laying-house performance. In general, increases in the length of time of restriction were followed by an increase in the number of days required to reach 50 per cent production, an increase in the initial egg size (first 8000 eggs), and a decrease in body weight at either 21 or 22 weeks of age. Feed restriction, in most cases, changed the pattern of egg production so that the birds came into production later than full-fed birds but subsequently "peaked" at a higher rate of production and maintained a higher rate of production for the remainder of the experimental period. Restricting the feed intake of the growing pullets resulted in a substantial feed saving during the growing period, but had no measurable effect on feed consumption during the laying period.

scholarly journals Flour of mushroom Agaricus blazei as additive functional in food of laying hens

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Silveira Freitas ◽  
Michele de Oliveira Mendonça ◽  
Izabela Silveira Freitas ◽  
Onofre Barroca de Almeida Neto ◽  
David Garcia Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Agaricus Blazei ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARY The current study aims to evaluate the zootechnical performance, quality of eggs, and the immune system of the laying hen's upon supplementing their feed with the flour of the mushroom Agaricus blazei. A total of 210 Hisex Brown® hens, 67 weeks old, were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments (control [0%], 0.04%, 0.08%, 0.12% and 0.16% of mushroom meal) with seven replicates and six birds per experimental unit. Were evaluated the zootechnical performance (feed intake, egg production [per day and housed], marketable egg production, egg weight and egg mass, feed conversion per dozen and egg mass, and viability);egg quality (specific weight, Haugh units, weight and percentage of components, shell thickness and yellow intensity of the egg yolks); and the hemogram (erythrogram and leukogram). Mainly, different levels of mushroom meal, were includedin laying hens feeds significantly (p<0.05)egg mass and feed intake. However, the leukogram and the erythrogram remained within the reference values, indicating that the birds were healthy. The addition of different levels of Agaricus blazei flour in the laying hens feed did not promote changes in the egg quality, in the immune system, and in the zootechnical performance, except for the feed intake which reduced with the inclusion of mushroom flour and eggs mass in which the 0.07% level promoted the maximization of this parameter.

scholarly journals Negative effect of phytase superdosing in laying hens

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skřivan ◽  
M. Englmaierová ◽  
V. Skřivanová
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
Nonphytate Phosphorus ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
The Eu

Hisex hens, aged 24 weeks, were divided into 6 groups. Each group consisted of 4 cages with 10 hens per cage with dimensions and equipment meeting the EU directives. This 2 × 3 factorial experiment included two levels of calcium (Ca; 35 or 42 g/kg) and 3 different additions of 6-phytase OptiPhos<sup>®</sup> (Ph; 0, 300, and 1500 phytase units (FTU)/kg) to the diet. The content of nonphytate phosphorus (NPP) in all diets was the same (1.8 g/kg). The experiment lasted 12 weeks. A significant interaction of Ph × Ca (P = 0.029) was observed in hen-day egg production. A diet with 35 g/kg Ca and the highest dose of Ph (1500 FTU/kg) resulted in a lower hen-day egg production (84.1%) than did the other treatments (91.5–88.6%). Phytase superdosing negatively influenced egg mass production (P = 0.001) and the feed conversion ratio (P = 0.018). Neither Ph nor Ca influenced eggshell ash content. Both additions of Ph into mixed feed decreased Haugh units (P &lt; 0.001). A higher content of Ca in the diet increased shell thickness (P = 0.024) and shell breaking strength (P = 0.039), while Ph addition increased shell percentage (P = 0.004) and shell breaking strength (P = 0.009). The results of this experiment demonstrate the unsuitability of Ph superdosing in mixed feed for laying hens.

scholarly journals Use of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) in diets of laying hens

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erja Koivunen ◽  
Petra Tuunainen ◽  
Eija Valkonen ◽  
Laila Rossow ◽  
Jarmo Valaja
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion

The study was conducted to evaluate an appropriate inclusion level of locally produced unprocessed or expander-processed coloured flowered faba bean (FB) (cv. ‘Kontu’) seeds in diets for laying hens. Egg production and egg quality variables were determined with 560 hens (Lohmann Selected Leghorn, LSL Classic) in a 40-week continued experiment. The hens were fed one of the five diets containing soybean meal as the main protein source. A diet without FB was served as a control diet. Both unprocessed and expander-processed FB was tested either in proportions of 50 g kg-1 or 100 g kg-1 in the diet. Faba bean inclusion (control vs. FB diets) had no effect on the egg production rate, egg mass production, feed consumption, or feed conversion ratio, but it decreased egg weight (p<0.05). Dietary FB inclusion tended to increase the mortality of the hens (p<0.10). Faba bean processing had no effects on egg production parameters or hen mortality. Daily egg mass production decreased and feed conversion ratio increased when FB proportion increased (from 50 to 100 g kg-1, p<0.05). Faba bean inclusion had no effects on egg exterior quality. It can be concluded that 50 g kg-1 of the FB studied (cv. ‘Kontu’) can be used in the diets of laying hens (LSL Classic) without negative effects on production performance or livability.

scholarly journals Egg Production and Biological Activities in Laying Hens are Affected By Different Molting Programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012092
Author(s):  
Ammar S. Abdulwahid ◽  
Arkan B. Mohammed ◽  
Tareq Al-Jumaliy
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Feed Withdrawal ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract This study was conducted to compare two molting methods by using aluminum sulfate (2.5 g/kg) and diet withdrawal on productivity, eggs quality, and lipid profile of laying hens. A total of 180 Hy-line Brown hens 80 weeks of age were randomly assigned to three replicates of three treatments of 30 hens/treatment from 70–87 weeks of age; hens were exposed to one of the following two molt groups: T1, aluminum sulfate (2.5 g/kg) and T2, feed withdrawal(14 days). Egg production was recorded daily/hen in each cage and weekly for each treatment. Following the forced molting, feed consumption was recorded and calculated weekly. Feed conversion rate as a feed/g egg mass was calculated weekly for each treatment. Haugh unit was determined by [11]. At the end of the experiment blood samples were collected from nine laying hens/treatment from the extrinsic vein using a 5mL sterilized syringe with heparin for biochemical determination parameters. Blood samples were centrifuged at 4000rpm for ten minutes. Plasma and serum were separated and stored (- 20°C) until the biochemical measurement. Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, ALT, and AST were determined in this study. The data were analyzed using (ANOVA) to analyze the difference between treatments. A significant difference was identified between treatments, by using Duncan’s test for multiple comparisons. The results of this study indicated that hens subject to feed withdrawal treatment showed a significant (p < 0.05) percentage of body weight loss compared to those in the feed with aluminum (2.5g/kg). We did not find significant (p>0.05) differences in hens performance for all treatments in the post molt for 56 days. Our data showed hens had significantly lower (p < 0.05) in hen day egg production when compared with other treatments after molting, also, the egg weight showed no significant differences between treatments. The results showed a significant (p<0.05) difference in albumin and globulin between molt methods. Our experiment indicated that aluminum sulfate (2.5 g/kg) and feed withdrawal represent a viable alternative to the molting method for the successful induction of molting and retention of post molt performance.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation of a phytogenic blend containing Schisandra chinensis, Pinus densiflora, and Allium tuberosum on productivity, egg quality, and health parameters in laying hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
Seung-Gyu Moon ◽  
Sung-Kwang Lee ◽  
Woo-Do Lee ◽  
Kai-Min Niu ◽  
Won-Uk Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Schisandra Chinensis ◽  
Allium Tuberosum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the supplementary effect of a phytogenic blend (SPA: a mixture containing fermented <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> pomace, fermented <i>Pinus densiflora</i> needle extract, and <i>Allium tuberosum</i> powder in the ratio of 2:2:1) on egg production, egg quality, blood constituents, and visceral organs in laying hens.Methods: A total of 135 Hy-line brown laying hens (48-wk-old) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments with 5 replicates of 9 hens. The control group (CON) was fed a basal diet (no exogenous SPA addition) and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet containing SPA at the level of 0.1% and 0.3% for 6 weeks.Results: The feed intake was significantly improved in SPA supplemented groups as compared with the control (p<0.05). However, egg production, daily egg mass, and feed conversion ratio were not different among the dietary treatments (p>0.05). For egg quality traits, only Haugh unit (HU) was significantly improved in SPA (0.3%) (p<0.05) as compared with other groups. However, HU was not affected during 4-wk of storage at 18°C among the dietary treatments (p>0.05). Furthermore, SPA supplementation did not affect the blood biochemical constituents except for the phosphate content, which was significantly higher in SPA groups than the CON group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in visceral organ characteristics and immune indicators (immunoglobulin A [IgA], IgG, and IgM) in SPA or CON groups.Conclusion: This study suggested that the supplementation of SPA may have beneficial effects on feed intake and egg quality in laying hens.

scholarly journals Penerapan Teknologi Force Molting pada Ayam Petelur Afkir: Kajian Parameter Produksi, Organ Pencernaan dan Reproduksi, Pertahanan Tubuh

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ali Mursyid Wahyu Mulyono ◽  
Ahimsa Kandi Sariri ◽  
Wisnu Tri Husodo
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Ad Libitum

<div class="Section1"><p><em>The research was aimed to study the egg production, digestion and reproduction tract, and body protection parameters of the force molting (FM) technology application on rejected laying hen. Thirty-six rejected laying hens were randomly devided into two kinds of treatment (T0 and T1), with three replication each. Each replication consisted of six hens. T0 (control) was ad libitum feeding during the research. T1 was FM treatment of six-days feed fasting, continued by restricted feeding (corn 50 g/hen/day) for 29 days. After the treatment, T1 was fed as T0 for 3 x 28 days period. Water was given ad libitum for T0 and T1. Variables </em></p></div><em><br clear="all" /> </em><p><em>observed included production and egg quality, length and weight of the parts of digestion and reproduction tract, and blood profile. The result of the research showed that FM treatment on rejected laying hens significantly increased the percentage of  egg production and egg-mass, decreasing feed conversion ratio, but it insignificantly influenced on feed consumption and egg quality. The weight  and length of the parts of digestion and reproduction tract were insignificantly influenced by FM treatment, except of gizzard, magnum and uterus weight, and isthmus length. The FM treatment was insignificantly influenced the body protection parameters. It was concluded that the force molting technology on rejected laying hen could re-activation of egg production without effecting on the parts of digestion and reproduction organ, and body protection parameters.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Key words: </em><em>Force molting, rejected laying hen, egg production, digestion and reproduction </em><em> </em></p><p><em>                  </em><em>tract, body protection</em><em></em></p>

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