SWINE PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT WITH COOLING AS INFLUENCED BY SUMMER GROWTH PERIOD AND WEATHER

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Bridges ◽  
L. W. Turner ◽  
R. S. Gates and D. G. Overhults
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Summer Growth

Summer–winter transitions in Antarctic ponds I: The physical environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Hawes ◽  
Karl Safi ◽  
Brian Sorrell ◽  
Jenny Webster-Brown ◽  
David Arscott
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Continental Antarctica ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Summer Growth

AbstractMeltwater ponds are one of the most widespread aquatic habitats in ice-free areas of continental Antarctica. While most studies of such systems occur during the Antarctic summer, here we report on ice formation and water column attributes in four meltwater ponds on the McMurdo Ice Shelf during autumn, when they went from ice-free to > 80 cm thickness of ice. Ice thickness grew at an average rate of 1.5 cm d-1 in all ponds and as ice formed, salts and gases were excluded. This resulted in conductivity rising from 3–5 to > 60 mS cm-1 and contributed to the ebullition of gases. Incorporation of gas bubbles in the ice resulted in a high albedo and under-ice irradiance declined faster than incident, the former falling below 1 W m-2 (daily average) by early April. After two months of ice formation, only 0–15% of the volume of each pond was still liquid, although this represented 5–35% of the pond sediment area, where much of the biological activity was concentrated. We suggest that the stresses that the freezing process imposes may be as important to structuring the biotic communities as those during the more benign summer growth period.

Unexploited Percid Populations of West Blue Lake, Manitoba, and their Interactions

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1655-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. M. Kelso ◽  
F. J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Main Food Item

West Blue Lake, Manitoba, essentially unaffected by man, sustains populations of yellow perch, Perca flavescens, and walleye, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum, which interact in two fundamental ways: perch are a major source of energy for walleye and the two species share common food organisms.Perch adults, juveniles and fry generally contributed 80–90% of the energy required for the annual walleye production (340 kg) and, on the basis of conversion experiments, provided for at least 1.7 kg∙ha−1 of the observed production of 2.1 kg∙ha−1. The brief summer growth period, combined with moderate mortality, caused biomass to reach a maximum in early fall at which time production ceased.Although walleye utilized yellow perch as its basic energy supply, behavioral differences tended to offer protection to juvenile and adult perch. Walleye were active at night, whereas older perch w ere inactive. Age 0 perch, during their epilimnetic phase, on the other hand, were active at night and vulnerable to walleye predation providing at least 18% of the observed walleye production.Walleye and yellow perch shared the same food resources although at different times and to different degrees. This competition was most intense between walleye (> 25 cm) and adult perch (> 12 cm). A main food item shared was amphipods. Most other food items (sticklebacks, mayflies, crayfish) were also shared but none in equal proportions by the two percids.Neither of the percid species showed a preponderance of older individuals and both showed evidence of strong and weak year-classes — walleye to a greater degree. Also, for walleye at least, production was only 2.1 kg∙ha−1, and biomass appeared to be stable, approximately 900 kg. Growth for both species was less than most other percid communities and was restricted to a brief, ≈ 80 day, period. Key words: unexploited, yellow perch, walleye, feeding, behavior, production, population structure

scholarly journals Windbreaks as part of climate-smart landscapes reduce evapotranspiration in vineyards, Western Cape Province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Maik Veste ◽  
Thomas Littmann ◽  
Anton Kunneke ◽  
Ben du Toit ◽  
Thomas Seifert
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
Mean Wind Speed ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Summer Growth

Under the conditions of climate change in South Africa, ecological and technical measures are needed to reduce the water consumption of irrigated crops. Windbreak hedges are long-rated systems in agriculture that significantly reduce wind speed. Their possibilities to reduce evapotranspiration and water demand are being investigated at a vineyard in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Detailed measurements of meteorological parameters relevant for the computation of reference and crop-specific evapotranspiration following the FAO 56 approaches within a vineyard in the Western Cape Province of South Africa have shown the beneficial effect of an existing hedgerow consisting of 6 m high poplars (Populus simonii (Carrière) Wesm.). With reference to a control station in the open field, the mean wind speed in a position about 18 m from the hedgerow at canopy level (2 m) was reduced by 27.6% over the entire year and by 39.2% over the summer growing season. This effect leads to a parallel reduction of reference evapotranspiration of 15.5% during the whole year and of 18.4% over the growing season. When applying empirical crop-specific K<sub>c</sub> values for well-irrigated grapes, the reduction of evapotranspiration is 18.8% over the summer growth period. The introduced tree shelterbelts are a suitable eco-engineering approach to reduce water consumption and to enhance water saving in vineyards.

scholarly journals Contributions at Capitalization Study on Chemical Content from Mulberry Tree Leave by Bombyx Mori Larvae

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3681-3686
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Mulberry Leaves ◽  
Mulberry Leaf ◽  
A Value ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Aging Phenomenon ◽  
Summer Growth

In order to assess how efficient is the use of mulberry leaf by the Bombyx mori Baneasa Super larvae hybrid, some determinations were made regarding the nutritional value and digestibility of the worm leaf administered as food, during a series of summer growth. The results showed that ongoing vegetation and growth process of this hybrid, the Mulberry leaves suffer an aging phenomenon, revealed by diminishing its chemical composition quality. According to this, most of the nutritional substances from mulberry leaves, except cellulose, manifest a continuous decline during the growth period. The digestibility of these nutritional components registered a value of 56.41%, the crude energy value was 4209 kcal/kg dry substance, and digestive energy was 2173 kcal/kg (DS), while the metabolic energy was 2044-2007 kcal/kg (DS). The efficiency of converting ingestion into silk had a value of 9.30% and the digestion was 15.76%. Keywords: leaves, mulberry, larvae, energy, use

scholarly journals Contributions at Capitalization Study on Chemical Content from Mulberry Tree Leave by Bombyx Mori Larvae

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3681-3686
Author(s):  
Marius Gheorghe Dolis ◽  
Radu Adrian Moraru ◽  
Cristina Simeanu ◽  
Ion Sandu ◽  
Dan Bodescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Mulberry Leaves ◽  
Mulberry Leaf ◽  
A Value ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Aging Phenomenon ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Mulberry Tree

In order to assess how efficient is the use of mulberry leaf by the Bombyx mori Baneasa Super larvae hybrid, some determinations were made regarding the nutritional value and digestibility of the worm leaf administered as food, during a series of summer growth. The results showed that ongoing vegetation and growth process of this hybrid, the Mulberry leaves suffer an aging phenomenon, revealed by diminishing its chemical composition quality. According to this, most of the nutritional substances from mulberry leaves, except cellulose, manifest a continuous decline during the growth period. The digestibility of these nutritional components registered a value of 56.41%, the crude energy value was 4209 kcal/kg dry substance, and digestive energy was 2173 kcal/kg (DS), while the metabolic energy was 2044-2007 kcal/kg (DS). The efficiency of converting ingestion into silk had a value of 9.30% and the digestion was 15.76%.

Seasonal changes in the energy and nitrogen intake in reindeer and caribou

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 905-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. McEwan ◽  
P. E. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
A Value ◽  
Cyclical Pattern ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

The relation between energy intake and body weight of reindeer and caribou are summarized. The results indicate that caloric intake was 35–45% lower in winter than during the summer growth period. The relation between heat production and body weight also exhibited a cyclical pattern. Heat production per unit of metabolic weight decreased by 25% (mid-August to mid-November). From calorimetry studies, the relative proportions of protein and fat deposition from weaning to 12 months of age were estimated. The amount of digestible nitrogen required for N equilibrium amounted to 0.462 g N/W0.75 per day, a value comparable to those reported for cattle and sheep. The estimated metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance of a 70-kg reindeer in winter amounted to 5.5 Mcal/day, or about 200 kcal/W0.75perday.

Defoliation and its effects on Enneapogon avenaceus and Cenchrus ciliaris populations during two summer growth periods in central Australian rangelands.

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
OJH Bosch ◽  
ML Dudzinski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Seed Head ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Popu Lations ◽  
Woodland Communities ◽  
Open Woodland ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Grazing Pressures

The frequency and intensity of defoliation on Enneapogon avenaceus (oat grass) and Cenchrus ciliaris (buffel grass) populations under various grazing pressures were studied during two summer gowth periods. The effects of defoliation on seed head production and long term productivity were also investigated. The degree to which cattle concentrated on E. avenaceus is directly related to the available E. a~,enacetrs biomass. In contrast, the degree of concentration on C. ciliaris populations is not only a function of the availability of C. ciliaris biomass, but also of the available palatable ephemeral biomass. Highest seed head production for both species came from ungrazed and lightly-defoliated plants. Sufficient seed replenishment for continued persistence of E. avenaceus populations was obtained when more than 60% of the plants in the population were ungrazed or only Lightly-defoliated. In this study continued dry matter production of C. ciliaris populations was not affected by defoliation. Longer term investi- gations are needed to define defoliation thresholds for the management of this species. Perennial C. ciliaris plants in open woodland communities nre important for the persistence of the shortlived E. aal'crracects popu- lations. Cattle concentrated more on C. ciliaris than on E. avenaceus plants during the fu~t two weeks of a growth period, which allowed the latter to grow and even to start producing seed before cattle concentrate on them.

scholarly journals The effects of foliar nutrition containing various macro and microelements on the growth and development of young grafted walnut (Juglans regia L.) plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Solar
Keyword(s):  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Summer Growth

The Stopgril liquido (S), a foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, calcium and magnesium was used to improve the spring and the summer growth of grafted walnut plants in the second year of cultivation in the nursery. To accomplish early termination of vegetative growth and good lignification, the composed mineral fertilizer Hascon M 10 AD (H) containing phosphorous, potassium and microelements B, Mn and Mo was applied on the same plants. Four treatments (S, H, SH, C) were applied three times in a growing season. Their effects on the height and the basal diameter of the plants in the nursery depended on the starting height of the plants and the time of application. During the first growth period in the orchard, the number of developed buds on the plant, the circumference of the plants and their height were influenced by the treatment in the previous year in the nursery. According to the results obtained through the investigation, three applications of Stopgril + Hascon in the nursery per year can be recommended in order to obtain high enough and well lignified two-year-old grafted walnut plants.

Colonization of wood substrates by the aquatic xylophage Xylotopus par (Diptera: Chironomidae) and a description of its life history

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 2280-2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Kaufman ◽  
Robert H. King
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Wood Block ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Introduced Substrates

Xylotopus par populations were monitored in a central Michigan stream during the summer growth period by sampling two types of indigenous logs and four types of introduced wood block "baits." Populations of larvae in the two indigenous logs were very similar over the course of the study with regard to number of individuals, biomass accumulation, developmental rate, and spatial distribution within colonized areas. Populations of larvae in the wood baits followed trends in density and biomass accumulation that differed between wood types. A positive relationship of the parameters with substrate softness was observed. Populations of larvae in the introduced wood baits developed faster than those in indigenous logs, with portions of the bait-inhabiting populations apparently able to complete development during the summer. Populations in indigenous logs normally require a full year for development and the accelerated growth in the "fresh," introduced substrates indicates a plastic phenology that allows X. par to exploit wood of variable quality. A prerequisite for terrestrial decay in determining wood suitability for X. par is also discussed.

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