scholarly journals The effects of foliar nutrition containing various macro and microelements on the growth and development of young grafted walnut (Juglans regia L.) plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Solar
Keyword(s):  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Summer Growth

The Stopgril liquido (S), a foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, calcium and magnesium was used to improve the spring and the summer growth of grafted walnut plants in the second year of cultivation in the nursery. To accomplish early termination of vegetative growth and good lignification, the composed mineral fertilizer Hascon M 10 AD (H) containing phosphorous, potassium and microelements B, Mn and Mo was applied on the same plants. Four treatments (S, H, SH, C) were applied three times in a growing season. Their effects on the height and the basal diameter of the plants in the nursery depended on the starting height of the plants and the time of application. During the first growth period in the orchard, the number of developed buds on the plant, the circumference of the plants and their height were influenced by the treatment in the previous year in the nursery. According to the results obtained through the investigation, three applications of Stopgril + Hascon in the nursery per year can be recommended in order to obtain high enough and well lignified two-year-old grafted walnut plants.

scholarly journals Standardizing the Hydrogel Application Rates and Foliar Nutrition for Enhancing Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris)

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashidhar K. Shankarappa ◽  
Samuel J. Muniyandi ◽  
Ajay B. Chandrashekar ◽  
Amit K. Singh ◽  
Premaradhya Nagabhushanaradhya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Pod Development

Lentil (Lens culinaris) is an important winter season annual legume crop known for its highly valued seed in human and animal nutrition owing to its high lysine and tryptophan content. Shortage of water during the crop growth period has become the major impediment for cultivation of pulses in rice fallow in particular. Under such conditions, the application of hydrogel can be a potential alternative to improve photosynthetic efficiency, assimilate partitioning, and increase growth and yield. A field experiment was conducted from November to February during 2015–16 to 2017–18 on clay loam soil that was medium in fertility and acidic in reaction (pH 5.4) at Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. There were three hydrogel levels in total in the main plot and foliar nutrition with five different nutrient sprays in sub-plots, together comprising 15 treatment combinations. The data pooled over three years, 2015–2018, revealed that application of hydrogel at 5 kg/ha before sowing recorded a significantly greater number of pods per plant (38.0) and seed yield (1032.1 kg/ha) over the control. Foliar application of nutrients over flower initiation and pod development had a positive effect on increasing the number of pods per plant eventually enhanced the seed yield of lentil. Foliar application of either 0.5% NPK or salicylic acid 75 ppm spray at flower initiation and pod development stages recorded significantly more pods per plant over other nutrient treatments. Further, the yield attributed improved because of elevated growth in plant. Significantly maximum seed yield (956 kg/ha) recorded in the NPK spray of 0.5% remained on par with salicylic acid 75 ppm (939 kg/ha) over the rest of the treatments.

scholarly journals Tillage systems and nutrient sources affecting soil cover, temperature and moisture in a clayey oxisol under corn

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 2011-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton da Veiga ◽  
Dalvan José Reinert ◽  
José Miguel Reichert
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

Tillage affects soil physical properties, e.g., porosity, and leads to different amounts of mulch on the soil surface. Consequently, tillage is related to the soil temperature and moisture regime. Soil cover, temperature and moisture were measured under corn (Zea mays) in the tenth year of five tillage systems (NT = no-tillage; CP = chisel plow and single secondary disking; CT = primary and double secondary disking; CTb = CT with crop residues burned; and CTr = CT with crop residues removed). The tillage systems were combined with five nutrient sources (C = control; MF = mineral fertilizer; PL = poultry litter; CS = cattle slurry; and SS = swine slurry). Soil cover after sowing was greatest in NT (88 %), medium in CP (38 %) and lowest in CT treatments (< 10 %), but differences decreased after corn emergence. Soil temperature was related with soil cover, and significant differences among tillage were observed at the beginning of the growing season and at corn maturity. Differences in soil temperature and moisture in the surface layer of the tilled treatments were greater during the corn cycle than in untilled treatments, due to differences in intensity of soil mobilization and mulch remaining after soil management. Nutrient sources affected soil temperature and moisture in the most intense part of the corn growth period, and were related to the variation of the corn leaf area index among treatments

Summer–winter transitions in Antarctic ponds I: The physical environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Hawes ◽  
Karl Safi ◽  
Brian Sorrell ◽  
Jenny Webster-Brown ◽  
David Arscott
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Continental Antarctica ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Summer Growth

AbstractMeltwater ponds are one of the most widespread aquatic habitats in ice-free areas of continental Antarctica. While most studies of such systems occur during the Antarctic summer, here we report on ice formation and water column attributes in four meltwater ponds on the McMurdo Ice Shelf during autumn, when they went from ice-free to > 80 cm thickness of ice. Ice thickness grew at an average rate of 1.5 cm d-1 in all ponds and as ice formed, salts and gases were excluded. This resulted in conductivity rising from 3–5 to > 60 mS cm-1 and contributed to the ebullition of gases. Incorporation of gas bubbles in the ice resulted in a high albedo and under-ice irradiance declined faster than incident, the former falling below 1 W m-2 (daily average) by early April. After two months of ice formation, only 0–15% of the volume of each pond was still liquid, although this represented 5–35% of the pond sediment area, where much of the biological activity was concentrated. We suggest that the stresses that the freezing process imposes may be as important to structuring the biotic communities as those during the more benign summer growth period.

SWINE PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT WITH COOLING AS INFLUENCED BY SUMMER GROWTH PERIOD AND WEATHER

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Bridges ◽  
L. W. Turner ◽  
R. S. Gates and D. G. Overhults
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Summer Growth

scholarly journals   The effect of mineral N fertiliser and sewage sludge on yield and nitrogen efficiency of silage maize

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
F. Vašák ◽  
L. Peklová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Efficiency ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Difference

A field experiment was conducted on a chernozem soil to estimate fertiliser N efficiency of silage maize (Zea mays L.) by the difference method as influenced by the type of N fertiliser (mineral-MF vs. sewage sludge-SS), and N rate. Eight N treatments were included (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg N/ha prior to maize sowing, 60 kg N/ha at planting in MF; 120, and 240 kg N/ha in SS. The average dry mater (DM) yields were 11.2&ndash;14.8 t/ha. Average nitrogen uptakes were 88&ndash;185 kg N/ha, when the average N contents in DM were 0.8&ndash;1.25%. Nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) was a relatively stable value for treatments with MF. The best use of nitrogen from MF was reached by 60 and 120 kg/ha N doses. The average values of recovery efficiency of applied N (RE<sub>N</sub>) were calculated as 41&ndash;57%. The use of SS increased the yield of silage maize by 19&ndash;25% compared to control, above all first and second year after their application. Mineral-fertilizer-N equivalents (MFE) for SS were calculated as 55 and 64%. &nbsp;

Foliar nutrition and wood growth in red pine: the distribution of radiocarbon photoassimilated by individual branches of young trees

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1701-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Rangnekar ◽  
D. F. Forward ◽  
N. J. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Cambial Growth ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Insoluble Compounds ◽  
Single Branch

The distribution of photoassimilated carbon-14 in young plantation trees was studied 6 or 10 days after supplying 14CO2 for a day to a single branch in the second, third, or fourth whorl. Both apical and cambial growth occurred during the interval, and apical growth throughout the trees was measured. Elongating terminals and products of cambial growth in the fed branch were highly labeled. In all trees some 14C was exported to the adjacent side of the tree. Movement in the trunk was bidirectional, but the position of the donor branch determined the direction of major transport. Only from whorl 2 was it upward; from whorl 3 or 4 it was downward. In both directions activity decreased with distance from the base of the donor branch, and the leader did not accumulate more, per unit weight, than the intervening internodes. Some 14C entered branches arising in the path of transport.Radioactivity was concentrated only in regions of growth, whether apical or cambial. Most of the 14C was in ethanol-insoluble compounds, largely in cell wall constituents. Autoradiographs of stem sections confirmed that 14C was deposited in currently developing tracheids of secondary xylem during most of the 10-day growth period. The ratio of activity in lignin to that in cellulose was inversely related to the total 14C in the cell wall constituents.

Unexploited Percid Populations of West Blue Lake, Manitoba, and their Interactions

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1655-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. M. Kelso ◽  
F. J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Main Food Item

West Blue Lake, Manitoba, essentially unaffected by man, sustains populations of yellow perch, Perca flavescens, and walleye, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum, which interact in two fundamental ways: perch are a major source of energy for walleye and the two species share common food organisms.Perch adults, juveniles and fry generally contributed 80–90% of the energy required for the annual walleye production (340 kg) and, on the basis of conversion experiments, provided for at least 1.7 kg∙ha−1 of the observed production of 2.1 kg∙ha−1. The brief summer growth period, combined with moderate mortality, caused biomass to reach a maximum in early fall at which time production ceased.Although walleye utilized yellow perch as its basic energy supply, behavioral differences tended to offer protection to juvenile and adult perch. Walleye were active at night, whereas older perch w ere inactive. Age 0 perch, during their epilimnetic phase, on the other hand, were active at night and vulnerable to walleye predation providing at least 18% of the observed walleye production.Walleye and yellow perch shared the same food resources although at different times and to different degrees. This competition was most intense between walleye (> 25 cm) and adult perch (> 12 cm). A main food item shared was amphipods. Most other food items (sticklebacks, mayflies, crayfish) were also shared but none in equal proportions by the two percids.Neither of the percid species showed a preponderance of older individuals and both showed evidence of strong and weak year-classes — walleye to a greater degree. Also, for walleye at least, production was only 2.1 kg∙ha−1, and biomass appeared to be stable, approximately 900 kg. Growth for both species was less than most other percid communities and was restricted to a brief, ≈ 80 day, period. Key words: unexploited, yellow perch, walleye, feeding, behavior, production, population structure

scholarly journals The Effect of Fertilization with Sulphur, Boron, and Amino Acids on the Content of Glucosinolate in Winter Rape Seeds

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Gugała ◽  
Anna Sikorska ◽  
Krystyna Zarzecka
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Type ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Glucosinolate Concentration ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
The University ◽  
Plot Design

The study was carried out in 2016–2019 at the Zawady Agricultural Experimental Station (52°03’ N and 22°33’ E) belonging to the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, in Poland. The field experiment was established in a split-plot design with three replicates. The studied factors were: I. Three winter rape morphotypes: population morphotype (Monolit variety); restored morphotype with traditional growth type (PT248 variety); restored morphotype with a semi-dwarf growth type (PX115 variety); II. Types of foliar nutrition: (1) control variant—sprayed with water, without foliar nutrition and amino acids; (2) biostimulant Aminoplant; (3) foliar fertilizer Siarkomag + foliar fertilizer Bormax; (4) foliar fertilizer Siarkomag + foliar fertilizer Bormax + biostimulant Aminoplant. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of foliar application of sulphur, boron, and amino acids on the content of glucosinolates in seeds of three winter rape morphotypes (Monolit, PX115, and PT248). The foliar feeding applied reduced the feed value of winter rape seeds. On treatments (2, 4), where only amino acids were used or in addition in combination with sulphur and boron, the increase in glucosinolate concentration (GLS) was the largest. Regardless of the type of foliar fertilization used, the Monolit variety contained the lowest concentration of these compounds. The content of glucosinolates in rapeseeds of the studied cultivars varied during the years of the experiment. Studies have shown that the value of this feature increased with the growth of water stress occurring before harvest.

Allongement et morphologie de pousses annuelles issues de greffe chez le noyer commun, Juglans regia L. cv. Lara (Juglandaceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1595-1603
Author(s):  
Sylvie Sabatier ◽  
Daniel Barthélémy ◽  
Isabelle Ducousso ◽  
Eric Germain
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Median Part ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Short Internodes ◽  
Short Shoots

Extension growth, number of internodes of the main stem, and sylleptic branches were recorded weekly during the 1994 growing season on 1-year-old Juglans regia L. cv. Lara scions. Date of sylleptic branch production and branch position on the main stem were also recorded. Two main stem types were distinguished according to their growth pattern: continuous or rhythmic over one growing season. Three sylleptic branch types were distinguished in relation with their growth pattern and morphology: (i) long shoots elongated in two growth flushes that showed a zone of short internodes above the first internode or hypopodium, (ii) long shoots elongated in one flush only with long internodes above the hypopodium, and (iii) short shoots corresponding with the elongated hypopodium only. Each type of sylleptic shoot is generally produced at a different growth period. Main stems developed sylleptic branches when their growth rate was higher than 17 cm/week. On the median part of the main stem, sylleptic long shoots were distributed according to a basipetal gradient of increasing vigour (extension duration, length, and number of internodes). Sylleptic short shoots were generally localized above long shoots.

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