CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering, Volume II Animal Production & Aquacultural Engineering, Part I Livestock Housing and Environment, Chapter 4 Equipment and Control

1999 ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
J. F. Harbourne

In the last decade dramatic changes have taken place in the housing and management of farm animals. Many animals are now housed in buildings throughout their lives. Methods of feeding have altered; food is less bulky and more concentrated. Such a revolution has meant a change in emphasis in the study and control of disease, since specific infections caused by bacteria or parasites are less common and have been replaced by mixed infections of more complex etiologies.


Author(s):  
Tatiana Baydikova

Methodical model is a set of interconnected components that form a single system aimed at achieving a common goal – the formation of foreign language communicative competence among students in the “Agricultural Engineering” programme based on content and language integrated learning. The teaching system is built on the basis of system, competency-based, per-sonal-activity, communicative-cognitive approaches, as well as content and language integrated learning. These approaches are implemented in practice using a number of didactic and methodical principles. We describe in detail the methodical principles of content and language integrated learning: principle 4 “C”, the principle of cognition, the principle of unity of thought and speech activity, the principle of integration of a foreign language and subject content, the principle of gradual complication of content, the principle of duality of reliance on native and foreign lan-guages, the principle of optimality, the principle of knowledge personalization, the principle of in-teractivity and the principle of language adaptation. Content and language integrated learning of students is carried out on the basis of the following teaching methods: interactive, communicative, information-reproductive, productive, tandem-method, vocational teaching and control methods. The content of teaching based on content and language integrated modeling reflects the profile specifics of training specialists in the framework of a particular specialty. Learning tools are a set of tools of a teacher for the purpose of development, teaching and upbringing. We present and de-scribe in detail all the components of the methodical model.


Author(s):  
P.V. Rattray ◽  
K.T. Jagusch ◽  
K.S. Maclean

In a trial conducted at Ruakura over 5 years, mixed-age flocks of Coopworth, Perendale, High Fertility Romney and Control Romney ewes were run on separate farmlets stocked at 26, 21 or 16 ewes/ha. At any given pasture allowance the Coopworth ate more pasture than the other breeds. Lambing performance, weight of lamb weaned and fleece weight were curvilinearly related to allowance. Lamb production per ewe tended to level out at a DM allowance of 4 kg/ewe/day for the Perendale and about 5 kg/ewe/day for the other breeds. Pasture allowance accounted for an appreciable amount of variation in animal production between years and stocking rates; litter size, 38 to 90%; lambs weaned/ewes mated. 29 to 71'%; weight of lamb weaned/ewe mated, 26 to 62%; and fleece weight, 25 to 49%. Pasture allowance accounted for the least variation in all variables in the Perendale compared with the other breeds.


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