CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering, Volume II Animal Production & Aquacultural Engineering, Part I Livestock Housing and Environment, Chapter 1 Characteristics and Performances of Construction Materials, Part 1.3 Wood as a Construction Material for

1999 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Agricultural Engineering

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Possibility of Using 1.4462 and 1.4501 Steel as a Construction Material for Apparatus Operating at an Increased Temperature and with Corrosive Factors

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4014
Author(s):  
Karol Prałat ◽  
Andżelika Krupińska ◽  
Marek Ochowiak ◽  
Sylwia Włodarczak ◽  
Magdalena Matuszak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Steel Heat

The objective of this study was to determine the requirements for steels used as construction materials for chemical apparatus operating at an elevated temperature and to correlate them with the properties of the tested steels. The experimental part examined the influence of the annealing process on the structure and properties of X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (1.4462) and X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-4 (1.4501) steel. Heat treatment was carried out on the tested samples at a temperature of 600 °C and 800 °C. Changes were observed after the indicated time intervals of 250 and 500 h. In order to determine the differences between the initial state and after individual annealing stages, metallographic specimens were performed, the structure was analyzed using an optical microscope and the micro-hardness was measured using the Vickers method. Potentiostatic tests of the samples were carried out to assess the influence of thermal process parameters on the electrochemical properties of the passive layer. An increase in the hardness of the samples was observed with increasing temperature and annealing time, the disappearance of magnetic properties for both samples after annealing at the temperature of 800 °C, as well as a significant deterioration in corrosion resistance in the case of treatment at a higher temperature.

EFFECT OF YELLOW LOESS ON ODOROUS GAS ADSORPTION AND ECOTOXICITY TEST USING DAPHNIA MAGNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Hongseok Jang ◽  
Boram Lee ◽  
Seungyoung So
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ecotoxicity Test ◽  
Lamellar Crystal ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Natural Materials

ABSTRACT To minimize damage caused by harmful substances released from artificial construction materials, there has been increasing interest in eco-friendly houses constructed with natural materials. Among natural materials, yellow loess is South Korea’s most representative eco-friendly construction material, with high purification performance for indoor use. However, there has been no objective assessment of yellow loess’s performance at purifying indoor air. In this study, internal pores were found in yellow loess that were of a lamellar crystal structure consisting of bonds of silica and alumina plates, and there was a high negative charge on the loess surface; these might have contributed to the excellent performance of yellow loess in adsorbing odorous gas. There was also an exposure test using Daphnia magna to determine the eco-friendliness of yellow loess compared with that of cement mortar. Results showed the survival of Daphnia magna was longer in the indoor environment of a test chamber with higher concentration of ammonia wherein yellow loess was placed. EC50 (median effective concentration, the concentration that caused death of 50% of bio-specimens) value of 19 ml of ammonia (0.1% solution), which was three times more than EC50 value of 6 ml of ammonia of the same area of cement mortar.

Study of the Effect of PP and LDPE Thermoplastic Binder Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Physical Properties of Particulate Composites for Building Material Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽  
Hosta Ardhyananta ◽  
Amaliya Rasyida ◽  
Feisha Fadila Rifki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Particulate Composites ◽  
Water Absorbability

Plastic waste is majority an organic material that cannot easily decomposed by bacteria, so it needs to be recycled. One of the utilization of plastic waste recycling is become a mixture in the manufacture of building materials such as concrete, paving block, tiles, roof. This experiment purpose to find out the effect of addition of variation of LDPE and PP thermoplastic binder to physical and mechanical properties of LDPE/PP/Sand composite for construction material application. In this experiment are using many tests, such are SEM, FTIR, compression strength, density, water absorbability, and hardness. the result after the test are the best composition of composite PP/LDPE/sand is 70/0/30 because its have compression strength 14,2 MPa, while density value was 1.30 g/cm3, for the water absorbability is 0.073%, and for the highest hardness is 62.3 hardness of shore D. From the results obtained, composite material can be classified into construction materials for mortar application S type with average compression strength is 12.4 MPa.

New Lightweight Construction Material: Cellular Mat Using Recycled Plastic

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 503-510
Author(s):  
T.I.T. Noor Hasanah ◽  
D.C. Wijeyesekera ◽  
Ismail bin Bakar ◽  
Wahab Saidin
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lightweight Construction ◽  
Ground Condition ◽  
Application Specific ◽  
Design And Construction

Applications of lightweight construction materials enable the design and construction in challenging, difficult and demanding scenarios. Construction materials with enhanced stiffness as in sandwich panels, large portable structures and floating foundations are examples of such materials. The advent of cellular structure technology has actively introduced innovation and enabled design and construction, meeting engineering requirements such as in the construction of the body of air crafts. Cellular mat structures present in the minimum, triple benefits in being lightweight, load sharing and minimising non-uniform deformation. This paper further explores the use of recycled plastic waste as the base material for an innovative geomaterial. The combination of cellular structure, mat structure and use of recycled waste material is a desirable development in manufacturing. Paper also outlines the techno social benefit of adopting such material in construction. Other application-specific benefits related to cellular mats are those like noise reduction, energy absorption, thermal insulation, mechanical damping. This paper specifically presents the development of a new multifunctional lightweight material is been proposed as an invective innovation for highway construction on challenging ground condition.

scholarly journals Application of Wall and Insulation Materials on Green Building: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Pen-Chi Chiang ◽  
Yanpeng Cai ◽  
Chunhui Li ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Green Construction ◽  
Wall Materials

The construction materials utilized in the building sector have accounted for a large amount of natural resource and energy consumption. Green building, which has developed over three decades, can be regarded as a management and technical approach for building and construction sectors to achieve resource and energy sustainability in building sectors. Therefore, the development and deployment of green construction materials play an important role in the green building field due to the contribution of sustainable resources and energy. To realize the barriers of energy and resources utilization on green building, the development trend, application, and some case studies on wall materials and thermal insulation materials are described. A summary of plant fibers, recycled wastes, and photochromic glass is developed to show applications of green construction materials, which contributes to sustainable development. The challenges and barriers from business, technical, and policy aspects are also reviewed. Finally, perspectives and prospects of green construction material life-cycle framework are illustrated. This paper presents a snapshot review of the importance of wall materials and thermal insulation materials from the point of view of energy and resources consumption.

scholarly journals A Prototype Expert System for the Selection of Road Construction Materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
S. Hassim ◽  
K.T. Teh ◽  
R. Muniandy ◽  
H. Omar ◽  
A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Microsoft Access ◽  
Programming Tool

A prototype for an expert system in road construction material selection system, which is based on the outcomes of Friedman and multiple comparisons statistical methods was developed. The outcomes were acquired through questionnaires from selected pavement experts. The factors affecting pavement materials under each particular site condition were incorporated into the specific rules of the system. The system knowledge-base was extracted from the statistical testing outcomes and then rearranged and compiled prior to the development of the system. Visual Basic 6.0 was adopted as the programming tool for development of the system, while the knowledge-base of the separate system was kept in Microsoft Access 2000. The prototype expert system can be used to emulate part of the professional reasoning capabilities based on the knowledge of a pavement expert or a specialist to solve problems on materials selection. The system can help road designers to improve their professional ability to evaluate all available materials even before carrying out any laboratory tests.

scholarly journals PENYULUHAN DAN PERCONTOHAN PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH PLASTIK UNTUK MATERIAL BAHAN BANGUNAN DI LINGKUNGAN RPTRA, JAKARTA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Kurniawati ◽  
Lisa Oksri Nelfia ◽  
Ade Okvianti Irlan ◽  
Indrawati Sumeru
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Public Road ◽  
House Construction ◽  
The People ◽  
Natural Aggregates

Construction is growing rapidly nowadays. Buildings, housing, industry/business centers and highways will require natural aggregates which are natural resources that cannot be renewed. Therefore, we need replacement materials able to replace these natural aggregate. The large amount of plastic waste in fields, based on existing data, causes environmental pollution through it can be reused and useful for building and road construction. Most of communities don’t even know the plastic waste processing technology that allow their use in the construction of house construction such as floors, walls, roofs, and hinges and also road construction with not heavy road loads. The purpose of this activity is to provide the knowledge to the people of RPTRA related to technology for the use of plastic waste for building materials and also road construction in the area in the RPTRA environment considering it is not a public road and hence, with not heavy vehicle. The method used is firstly observation and interview of several houses visited. Then activities about using different types of plastic waste as construction materials. Finally, evaluation of the progress of the project by conducting a survey to people who had met the criteria of being a member of the plastic waste program. The success of this program will be the people’s understanding and a significate growing of any highvalue plastic use as construction material. The benefit of this community service is to increase the knowledge and insight of the people of RPTRA, South Meruya, and West Jakarta City, related to environmentally friendly technologies such as plastic waste processing.

scholarly journals Assessing the long term effects on climate change of metallurgical slags valorization as construction material: a comparison between static and dynamic global warming impacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-111
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Maria ◽  
◽  
Annie Levasseur ◽  
Karel Van Acker ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stainless Steel Slag ◽  
Environmental Evaluation

<abstract> <p>The interest in circular economy for the construction sector is constantly increasing, and Global Warming Potential (GWP) is often used to assess the carbon footprint of buildings and building materials. However, GWP presents some methodological challenges when assessing the environmental impacts of construction materials. Due to the long life of construction materials, GWP calculation should take into consideration also time-related aspects. However, in the current GWP, any temporal information is lost, making traditional static GWP better suited for retrospective assessment rather than forecasting purposes. Building on this need, this study uses a time-dependent GWP to assess the carbon footprint of two newly developed construction materials, produced through the recycling of industrial residues (stainless steel slag and industrial goethite). The results for both materials are further compared with the results of traditional ordinary Portland cement (OPC) based concrete, presenting similar characteristics. The results of the dynamic GWP (D_GWP) are also compared to the results of traditional static GWP (S_GWP), to see how the methodological development of D_GWP may influence the final environmental evaluation for construction materials. The results show the criticality of the recycling processes, especially in the case of goethite valorization. The analysis shows also that, although the D_GWP did not result in a shift in the ranking between the three materials compared with S_GWP, it provides a clearer picture of emission flows and their effect on climate change over time.</p> </abstract>

A WIRELESS NETWORK SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED TRACKING OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ON PROJECT SITES

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Suk Jang ◽  
Mirosław J. Skibniewski
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Network System ◽  
Automated Tracking ◽  
Hybrid Techniques ◽  
Strength Based

This paper presents a new prototype framework of automated tracking and monitoring system for construction materials. Previous technologies such as RFID and GPS deployed in construction material tracking have been reviewed and signal strength‐based localisation has been examined. As an emerging network standard for industrial applications, brief specifications of ZigBee™ protocol have been described. We introduce a ZigBee‐based tracking system architecture using hybrid techniques of RF and ultrasound to improve positioning accuracy and cost benefit. Finally, feasibility analysis and application scenario have been examined to present the possible deployment framework in construction area. Santrauka Straipsnyje aprašomas naujas automatizuotos statybinių medžiagų stebėsenos sistemos modelis. Apžvelgiamos tokios technologijos, kaip RFID ir GPS, anksčiau naudotos stebint statybines medžiagas, ir nagrinėjamas signalo stiprumu pagrįstas lokalizavimas. Aprašoma tinklo standarto ZigBee™ protokolo, naudojamo pramonėje, specifikacija. Pateikiama ZigBee tipo stebėjimo sistema, naudojanti RF ir ultragarso technologiją, skirtą pozicionavimo tikslumui gerinti ir jo kainai mažinti. Be to, pateikiama sistemos galimybių analizė ir taikymo sistema, nagrinėjanti galimą šios sistemos naudojimą statyboje.

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