Optimization of Direct Nozzle Injection System for Site-Specific Herbicide Application

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Vondricka ◽  
Peter Hloben ◽  
Peter Schulze Lammers
Keyword(s):  
Injection System ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Nozzle Injection

Site-specific wild oat (Avena fatua L.) management

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
S. Shirriff
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Upper Slope

Beckie, H. J. and Shirriff, S. 2012. Site-specific wild oat ( Avena fatua L.) management. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 923–931. Variation in soil properties, such as soil moisture, across a hummocky landscape may influence wild oat emergence and growth. To evaluate wild oat emergence, growth, and management according to landscape position, a study was conducted from 2006 to 2010 in a hummocky field in the semiarid Moist Mixed Grassland ecoregion of Saskatchewan. The hypothesis tested was that wild oat emergence and growth would be greater in lower than upper slope positions under normal or dry early growing season conditions. Three herbicide treatments were imposed on the same plots each year of a 2-yr canola (Brassica napus L.) – wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sequence: (1) nontreated (weedy) control; (2) herbicide application to upper and lower slope positions (i.e., full or blanket application); and (3) herbicide application to lower slope position only. Slope position affected crop and weed densities before in-crop herbicide application in years with dry spring growing conditions. Site-specific wild oat herbicide application in hummocky fields in semiarid regions may be justified based on results of wild oat control averaged across slope position. In year 2 of the crop sequence (wheat), overall (i.e., lower and upper slope) wild oat control based on density, biomass, and dockage (i.e., seed return) was similar between site-specific and full herbicide treatment in 2 of 3 yr. Because economic thresholds have not been widely adopted by growers in managing wild oat, site-specific treatment in years when conditions warrant may be an appropriate compromise between no application and blanket herbicide application.

A fleet of aerial and ground robots: a scalable approach for autonomous site-specific herbicide application

2015 ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ribeiro ◽  
C. Fernandez-Quintanilla ◽  
J. Dorado ◽  
F. López-Granados ◽  
J.M. Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Site Specific

scholarly journals Impact of site-specific weed management on herbicide savings and winter wheat yield  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hamouz ◽  
K. Hamouzová ◽  
J. Holec ◽  
L. Tyšer
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Treatment Thresholds ◽  
Patch Spraying ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Weed Infestation

An aggregated distribution pattern of weed populations provides opportunity to reduce the herbicide application if site-specific weed management is adopted. This work is focused on the practical testing of site-specific weed management in a winter wheat and the optimisation of the control thresholds. Patch spraying was applied to an experimental field in Central Bohemia. Total numbers of 512 application cells were arranged into 16 blocks, which allowed the randomisation of four treatments in four replications. Treatment 1 represented blanket spraying and the other treatments differed by the herbicide application thresholds. The weed infestation was estimated immediately before the post-emergence herbicide application. Treatment maps for every weed group were created based on the weed abundance data and relevant treatment thresholds. The herbicides were applied using a sprayer equipped with boom section control. The herbicide savings were calculated for every treatment and the differences in the grain yield between the treatments were tested using the analysis of variance. The site-specific applications provided herbicide savings ranging from 15.6% to 100% according to the herbicide and application threshold used. The differences in yield between the treatments were not statistically significant (P = 0.81). Thus, the yield was not lowered by site-specific weed management.

scholarly journals Development and Preliminary Evaluation of an Integrated Individual Nozzle Direct Injection and Carrier Flow Rate Control System for Pesticide Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe D. Luck ◽  
Scott A. Shearer ◽  
Michael P. Sama
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Control System ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Variable Flow ◽  
Carrier Flow ◽  
Duty Cycles ◽  
Nozzle Injection ◽  
Injection Frequency

Abstract. Direct injection systems for agricultural spray applications continue to present challenges in terms of commercialization and adoption by end users. Such systems have typically suffered from lag time and mixing uniformity issues, which have outweighed the potential benefits of keeping chemical and carrier separate or reducing improper tank-mixed concentration by eliminating operator measurements. The proposed system sought to combine high-pressure direct nozzle injection with an automated variable-flow nozzle to improve chemical mixing and response times. The specific objectives were to: (1) integrate a high-pressure direct nozzle injection system with variable-flow carrier control into a prototype for testing, (2) assess the chemical metering accuracy and proper mixing at different combinations of injection valve frequency and duty cycle along with chemical pressure, and (3) assess the ability of the control system to ensure proper chemical dilutions and concentrations in the nozzle effluent resulting from step changes in target application rates. Laboratory experiments were conducted using the combined system. Results of these experiments showed that the open-loop control of the injectors could provide a means of accurately metering the chemical concentrate into the carrier stream. Chemical injection rates could be achieved with an average error of 5.4% compared to the target rates. Injection at higher duty cycles resulted in less error in the chemical concentration predictions. Discrete Fourier transform analysis showed that the injection frequency was noticeable in the nozzle effluent when the injector was operated at 3.04 MPa and 5 Hz (particularly at lower duty cycles). Increasing the injection pressure and operating frequency to 5.87 MPa and 7 Hz, respectively, improved mixing, as the injection frequency component was no longer noticed in the effluent samples. The variable-flow nozzle was able to maintain appropriate carrier flow rates to achieve product label chemical concentrations. In one case, the maximum allowable concentrate was exceeded, although the nozzle was able to recover in 0.5 s. Steady-state errors ranged from 2.5% to 7.5% for chemical concentrations compared to the selected chemical to carrier ratio (0.03614). This test scenario represented an application rate of 4.68 L ha-1 with velocity increases from 4.0 to 7.1 m s-1 and decreases from 7.1 to 4.0 m s-1, which were typical of the example field application data. Keywords: Pesticides, Precision agriculture, Spraying equipment, Variable-rate application.

scholarly journals Rapid Custom Prototyping of Soft Poroelastic Biosensor for Simultaneous Epicardial Recording and Imaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bongjoong Kim ◽  
Arvin Soepriatna ◽  
Woohyun Park ◽  
Abigail Cox ◽  
Haesoo Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Strain ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Injection System ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Electrical Hysteresis ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Nozzle Injection ◽  
Potential Clinical Utility ◽  
Living Tissues

Abstract The growing need for the implementation of stretchable biosensors in the human body and organ systems has driven a new rapid prototyping scheme through the direct ink writing (DIW) of multidimensional functional architectures in an arbitrary shape and size to meet the requirement of adapting the geometric nonlinearity of a specific biological site. Recent approaches involve the use of biocompatible viscoelastic inks that are dispensable through an automated nozzle injection system. However, their pragmatic application remains challenged in particular medical practices that demand long-term reliable recording under periodic large strain cycles, such as the cardiac cycle, due to their viscoelastic nature that produces both mechanical and electrical hysteresis. Herein, we report a new class of a poroelastic silicone composite that is adaptable for high-precision DIW of a custom-designed biosensor, which is exceptionally soft and insensitive to mechanical strain without generating significant hysteresis. The unique structural property of the composite material yields a robust and seamless coupling to living tissues, thereby enabling both high-fidelity recording of spatiotemporal electrophysiological activity and real-time ultrasound imaging for visual feedback. In vivo evaluation of a custom-fit biosensor in a murine acute myocardial infarction model demonstrates a potential clinical utility in the simultaneous intraoperative recording and imaging on the epicardial surface, which may guide a definitive surgical treatment.

Residues and Cleaning Effects of a Direct Nozzle Injection System for Pesticide Application

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Doerpmund ◽  
Xiang Cai ◽  
Jiri Vondricka ◽  
Martin Walgenbach ◽  
Peter Schulze Lammers
Keyword(s):  
Injection System ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Nozzle Injection

102 Control of Surge in Centrifugal Compressor by Using a Nozzle Injection System

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018.53 (0) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Tomoki NAKAJIMA ◽  
Ryosuke ATARASHI ◽  
Hoshio TSUJITA ◽  
Akira IWAKAMI ◽  
TAKAHIRO Bamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Nozzle Injection

An economic evaluation of site-specific herbicide application

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 379-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler W. Rider ◽  
Jeffrey W. Vogel ◽  
J. Anita Dille ◽  
Kevin C. Dhuyvetter ◽  
Terry L. Kastens
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Site Specific

Assessing the cleanability of a direct nozzle injection system

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Doerpmund ◽  
Xiang Cai ◽  
Martin Walgenbach ◽  
Jiri Vondricka ◽  
Peter Schulze Lammers
Keyword(s):  
Injection System ◽  
Nozzle Injection
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