Site-specific wild oat (Avena fatua L.) management

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
S. Shirriff
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Upper Slope

Beckie, H. J. and Shirriff, S. 2012. Site-specific wild oat ( Avena fatua L.) management. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 923–931. Variation in soil properties, such as soil moisture, across a hummocky landscape may influence wild oat emergence and growth. To evaluate wild oat emergence, growth, and management according to landscape position, a study was conducted from 2006 to 2010 in a hummocky field in the semiarid Moist Mixed Grassland ecoregion of Saskatchewan. The hypothesis tested was that wild oat emergence and growth would be greater in lower than upper slope positions under normal or dry early growing season conditions. Three herbicide treatments were imposed on the same plots each year of a 2-yr canola (Brassica napus L.) – wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sequence: (1) nontreated (weedy) control; (2) herbicide application to upper and lower slope positions (i.e., full or blanket application); and (3) herbicide application to lower slope position only. Slope position affected crop and weed densities before in-crop herbicide application in years with dry spring growing conditions. Site-specific wild oat herbicide application in hummocky fields in semiarid regions may be justified based on results of wild oat control averaged across slope position. In year 2 of the crop sequence (wheat), overall (i.e., lower and upper slope) wild oat control based on density, biomass, and dockage (i.e., seed return) was similar between site-specific and full herbicide treatment in 2 of 3 yr. Because economic thresholds have not been widely adopted by growers in managing wild oat, site-specific treatment in years when conditions warrant may be an appropriate compromise between no application and blanket herbicide application.

Field evaluation of regression equations to estimate crop yield losses due to weeds

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O’Donovan ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
D. C. Maurice
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Crop Density

Various regression equations based on weed density alone, or relative time of weed and crop emergence or crop density in addition to weed density have been developed in western Canada to estimate the effects of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and volunteer cereals on yield loss of field crops, and to advise farmers on the economics of weed control with herbicides. In 1997, 1998, and 1999, several of these equations were evaluated in 9 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), 9 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 11 canola (Brassica napus L.) fields in Alberta. Wild oat was the dominant weed in the barley and wheat fields, and wild oat or volunteer cereals in the canola fields. In barley and wheat, more complex equations based on both weed density and either crop density or relative time of weed and crop emergence were more reliable in estimating yield losses due to wild oat than those based on weed density alone. In canola, an equation based on volunteer barley and canola density provided the most reliable estimates. Under the assumed crop prices and herbicide costs, these equations also resulted in the best estimates of whether or not a herbicide application resulted in a net profit or loss. Herbicide application was rarely economical in barley, but usually economical in wheat and canola reflecting the different market value of the crops. The implementation of the weed economic threshold concept is likely to be more feasible in low-value crops such as feed barley than in higher-value crops such as canola. Key words: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), volunteer cereals, weed economic threshold, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

Influence of tillage displaced soil on the productivity and yield components of barley in northwest Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Nazmi ◽  
Hossein Asadi ◽  
Ruzanna Manukyan ◽  
Hamdollah Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Northwest Iran ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Tillage Erosion ◽  
Upper Slope

Nazmi, L., Asadi, H., Manukyan, R. and Naderi, H. 2012. Influence of tillage displaced soil on the productivity and yield components of barley in northwest Iran. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 665–672. In hilly landforms subject to long-term cultivation, erosion has denuded the upper slope positions of topsoil, and accumulated topsoil in the lower slope positions. Slope gradient and position effects aggregation processes, which in turn impact soil productivity. A field experiment was conducted to assess the tillage-induced soil displacement and its effects on the soil properties and barley (Hordeum vulgare var. Sahand) biomass production for three different landscapes. The study was conducted on a hill slope seeded with barley (1.4–10.1° slope) located in the Mollaahmad watershed of the Ardabil province in northwestern Iran. For this purpose, soil samples were collected from four slope positions in a grassland as well as an agricultural field (dryland). A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of slope gradient and position on barley growth and soil quality. Soil generally had lower organic carbon, available phosphorus, calcium carbonate equivalent, soil water content and mean weight diameter of soil aggregates in the farmland than the grassland, and in the upper slope positions than in the lower slopes. Significantly higher barley growth indices were associated with lower slope positions. Agronomic productivity of the soil was lowest for landscapes with the highest slope gradient. The relationships between tillage erosion and yield components were found to be significant. Spike weight and slope position had the largest contribution for the explanatory capacity of canonical variables (tillage erosion and yield components) estimated when compared with other parameters (slope gradient, dry matter, spike number, grain yield and 1000-grain weight). The findings in this study can be used as a tool to assist farmers, soil and water conservationists, and other policymakers in decision making regarding the use of lands.

CONTROL OF WILD OAT WITH TRIALLATE IN A SPRING WHEAT CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEM

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. CARLSON ◽  
L. A. MORROW
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Triallate granules were applied at 2.8 kg/ha without incorporation either immediately before or after planting into standing spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Fielder’ and ’Dirkwin’) stubble. The triallate granules controlled wild oat (Avena fatua L.), and resulted in increased spring wheat yield. Difenzoquat or diclofop-methyl application also increased wheat yields.Key words: Triallate, oat (wild), conservation tillage, minimum tillage, wheat (spring)

Genesis of Solonetzic soils as a function of topography and seasonal dynamics

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
S. Pawluk
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Topographic Position ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Sodium Percent ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Upper Slope

A Gleyed Black Solonetz at a depressional slope position, a Black Solonetz at a lower slope position, a Black Solodized Solonetz at a mid-slope position, and a Black Solod at an upper slope position in central Alberta, were investigated using chemical, physical and mineralogical techniques to determine the role of topographic position and season in their genesis. Solonization, as indicated by electrical conductivity (EC) values < 4 dS m−1 and exchangeable sodium percent (ESP) values > 15% in the B horizon, was greatest in the Gleyed Black Solonetz, and then decreased in the soils upslope. Solonization occurred during the spring, summer and fall in the B horizon of the Gleyed Black Solonetz and Bnt1 horizon of the Black Solod, and during the spring in the B horizon of the Black Solonetz, Bnt1 horizon of the Black Solodized Solonetz, and Bnt2 horizon of the Black Solod. Solodization, as indicated by the development of Ae and AB horizons, acidic conditions and higher dithionite-extractable Al in the upper sola, and high exchangeable acidity in the upper B horizons, was greatest in the Black Solod at the upper slope position, moderate in the Black Solodized Solonetz at the mid-slope position, and absent in the two soils at the lower slope positions. Solodization as reflected by exchangeable acidity, also exhibited seasonal fluctuations, particularly in the upper B horizons. Seasonal variations of exchangeable Na, Ca and Mg in the B horizons, however, were slight to nonexistent. Topographic position and seasonal fluctuations of soluble salts and exchangeable acidity in the B horizons played a major role in the genesis of soils in this Solonetzic catena. Key words: Solonetzic catena, solonization, solodization, topography, seasonal dynamics

EFFECTS OF POST-EMERGENCE WILD OAT HERBICIDES ON THE TRANSPIRATION OF WILD OATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. SHARMA ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN ◽  
D. K. McBEATH
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Foliar Treatment

Transpiration of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) plants was markedly reduced after foliar treatment with barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate), asulam (methyl sulfanylcarbamate), dichlorfop methyl (4-(2′,4′-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxypropionic acid methyl ester), difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1 H-pyrazolium) or benzoylprop ethyl (ethyl-N-benzoyl-N(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-aminopropionate). Suppression of transpiration increased with increasing herbicide rates. Difenzoquat and dichlorfop methyl at 1.12 kg/ha reduced transpiration by more than 50% within 2 days after spraying. Barban, asulam and benzoylprop ethyl did not reduce transpiration to this level until about 12 days after spraying. When wild oats and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown together, removal of the weed with these herbicides resulted in significantly heavier barley and wheat plants with more tillers per plant than in the untreated control. The earlier removal of wild oat competition with dichlorfop methyl and difenzoquat treatments resulted in the production of more dry weight and culms per plant of barley and wheat than with the slower-acting barban and benzoylprop ethyl.

Effects of Landscape Position, Rainfall, and Tillage on Residual Herbicides

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Moyer ◽  
Gerald Coen ◽  
Robert Dunn ◽  
Anne M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Upper Slope

The effect of soil properties and weather on herbicide persistence and injury to following crops were studied at a site near Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, with undulating topography that included no-tillage and conventional tillage systems on adjacent fields. Soil pH ranged from 5.2 (lower slope no-tillage) to 7.8 (upper slope conventional tillage) and soil organic matter content ranged from 2.3% (upper slope conventional tillage) to 4.4% (lower slope no-tillage). During the years when the experiments were conducted rainfall ranged from < 50% of normal to > 150% of normal. During dry years atrazine and metsulfuron severely injured wheat and lentil crops, seeded 1 yr after herbicide application, on upper slope locations. The most severe injury occurred on the upper slope conventional tillage location. In years with high rainfall, no crop injury occurred 1 yr after atrazine and metsulfuron application on either upper or lower slope locations in both tillage systems. Imazamox plus imazethapyr caused almost 100% injury in the lower slope position in the no-tillage system (pH 5.2) in the driest year. Following-crop injury due to the imidazolinone herbicides decreased with increasing rainfall and increasing soil pH. The most severe injury to following crops seemed to occur when herbicide dissipation was dependent on microbial activity and rainfall was below normal.

scholarly journals Burial Environment Drives Seed Mortality of Kochia (Bassia scoparia), Wild Oat (Avena fatua), and Volunteer Canola (Brassica napus) Irrespective of Crop Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1961
Author(s):  
Charles M. Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Population Demography ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Seed Survival ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Seed Mortality

Models of weed population demography are critical to understanding the long-term viability of management strategies. The driving factors of weed seedbank persistence are often underrepresented in demographic models due to the cumbersome nature of seedbank research. Simplification of weed seedbank dynamics may induce substantial error in model simulations. A soil bioassay was conducted to determine whether growth of different crop species, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), and field pea (Pisum sativum L.), differentially impact seed mortality of kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott], wild oat (Avena fatua L.), and volunteer canola in seven burial environments in western Canada. Weed seed survival after the 7 week burial period varied widely among burial environments (from 8% to 88% when averaged among weed and crop species), whereas growth of the different crop species had negligible impact on seedbank persistence. Among environments, wild oat seed survived the greatest (79%), followed by kochia (20%), and volunteer canola (6%). Weed seed survival was associated with soil physical properties (texture) and seed microsite characteristics (temperature), but not crop species or soil chemical properties. Overall, these data support the need for greater integration of soil and environmental parameters into models of weed population demography.

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