scholarly journals A New Forecasting Method for the Proper Timing of Insecticidal Control against Second-Generation Larvae of Stathmopoda masinissa（Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae）using Pheromone Trap Catches of the First Generation in Persimmon Orchards

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Arai ◽  
Hirotsugu Tsueda ◽  
Yutaka Narai ◽  
Nobuo Sawamura ◽  
Masatoshi Toyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Proper Timing ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
Trap Catches

Analysis of long-term light-trap data for Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Australia: the effect of climate and crop host plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Maelzer ◽  
M.P. Zalucki
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Coefficients ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Winter Rain

AbstractRegression analyses of a long series of light-trap catches at Narrabri, Australia, were used to describe the seasonal dynamics of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The size of the second generation was significantly related to the size of the first generation, to winter rainfall, which had a positive effect, and to spring rainfall which had a negative effect. These variables accounted for up to 96% of the variation in size of the second generation from year to year. Rainfall and crop hosts were also important for the size of the third generation. The area and tonnage of many potential host crops were significantly correlated with winter rain. When winter rain was omitted from the analysis, the sizes of both the second and third generations could be expressed as a function of the size of the previous generation and of the areas planted to lucerne, sorghum and maize. Lucerne and maize always had positive coefficients and sorghum a negative one. We extended our analysis to catches of H. punctigera (Wallengren), which declines in abundance after the second generation. Winter rain had a positive effect on the sizes of the second and third generations, and rain in spring or early summer had a negative effect. Only the area grown to lucerne had a positive effect on abundance. Forecasts of pest levels from a few months to a few weeks in advance are discussed, along with the improved understanding of the seasonal dynamics of both species and the significance of crops in the management of insecticide resistance for H. armigera.

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN SEX ATTRACTANT TRAP CATCHES OF SCOTOGRAMMA TRIFOLII (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN RELATION TO ITS BIOLOGY IN MANITOBA

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Ayre ◽  
W. J. Turnock ◽  
D. L. Struble
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Scotogramma Trifolii

AbstractTests of intertrap variability in catches of moths of the clover cutworm, Scotogramma trifolii (Rottenberg), were conducted by placing two traps baited with an artifical sex attractant at 1 mi (1.6 km) intervals to form a grid covering 25 mi2 (64 km2) near Domain, Manitoba. The 50 traps (2/location) placed near the intersects of the grid were baited with a blend of Z-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate and Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol. This blend was 98.6% species-specific for S. trifolii. Moth catches varied between traps and flights, but the ranking of the traps by catch was consistent during any given flight period. Up to 35 traps would be required within an area of 64 km2 (1 trap/1.8 km2) to give a population estimate within 20% of the true mean. Temperature influenced both the initiation of the flights and the number of moths caught at any given time, but there were no correlations between flights and precipitation or wind. Crop type influenced catches of S. trifolii only when moth populations were large. The catch of second generation moths averaged 9.8× the catch of first generation moths. The consistency of this relationship indicates that the annual differences in population density are controlled by variations in winter survival. The latter was linked to the induction of diapause which is governed by daylength during the larval development of the second generation.

THE EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES ON THE SEASONAL PHENOLOGY OF THE CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Riedl ◽  
B. A. Croft
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Geographic Population ◽  
The North ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Seasonal Heat

AbstractThe photoperiodic reaction in North American codling moth populations displayed clinal-type variation similar to populations in Europe. A latitudinal shift of 10° to the north corresponded to an increase of 1.25 h in the critical photoperiod. Intrapopulation variance in diapause response appeared to be similar in populations of different origin. The critical photoperiod was not constant for a geographic population but varied between years probably due to the modifying effect of prediapause temperatures. In Michigan and other areas in the northeastern United States with similar climate the codling moth is essentially bivoltine with considerable yearly variability in second generation emergence. A graphic model is presented which gives an estimate of voltinism and the proportion of diapausing first-generation larvae based on the seasonal heat unit total at the time of diapause initiation. From an analysis of original data and historical phenological records an algorithm was developed which describes the relationship between effective temperatures and the variance of second generation emergence and which can predict population curves for climatically different years. Use of this predictive method in conjunction with monitoring information provided by a pheromone trap is discussed.

FORECASTING CODLING MOTH PHENOLOGY BASED ON PHEROMONE TRAP CATCHES AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-TIME MODELS

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Riedl ◽  
B. A. Croft ◽  
A. J. Howitt
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship of pheromone trap catch to emergence and oviposition of the codling moth was defined for the two-generation climate of Michigan. Catch anticipated emergence and oviposition during spring flight when the trap displayed greatest efficiency, but lagged behind emergence and closely followed oviposition during the second generation. Trapping efficiency declined towards the end of the first generation and was generally lower during summer flight. Factors which possibly relate to this efficiency loss are discussed. First catch and the catch peaks in both generations were evaluated as reference points for the prediction of phenological events (particularly egg hatch) in both generations Of four forecasting methods, degree day and developmental unit summations, starting from first catch, for the preoviposition and incubation period were most reliable in predicting the beginning of spring brood egg hatch.

Do remittances differ depending on migration pathway and length of stay?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Anita Pugliese ◽  
Julie Ray ◽  
Neli Esipova
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Migration Pathway ◽  
First Generation Migrants ◽  
Second Generation Migrants

This paper reports the results from Gallup’s global analysis of the likelihood of first-generation migrants, second-generation migrants and the native-born to send financial help in the form of money or goods to others inside or outside their respective country of residence. The findings in this paper are based on more than 450,000 interviews conducted through Gallup’s World Poll in 157 countries in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The sample includes more than 26,000 first-generation migrants and more than 20,000 second-generation migrants. The large sample enables Gallup to analyze first-generation migrants by the duration of their stay in their adopted country and compare their remittance behaviors with second-generation migrants and the native-born.

Marcuse and Habermas's Political Ideas in English

2019 ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Asaad Abdullwahab AbdulKarim ◽  
Waleed Massaher Hamad ◽  
Salah Ibrahim Hamadi
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Important Impact

Abstract     The Frankfurt School is characterized by its critical nature and it is the result of the Marxist socialist thought as it contributed to the development of the German thought in particular and the Western thought in general through important ideas put forward by a number of pioneers in the various generations of the school and most notably through the leading pioneer in the first generation, Marcuse, and the leading pioneer of the second  generation, Habermas, whose political ideas had an important impact on global thinking and later became the basis of the attic of many critical ideas. In spite of the belief of the school members in the idea of the criticism of power and community, each had his own ideas that distinguish him from the others.

Pharmakotherapie update

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Gerd Laux
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Therapeutische Maßnahmen ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics

Für die Therapie schizophrener Erkrankungen sind seit fast 60 Jahren Antipsychotika/Neuroleptika aufgrund ihrer antipsychotischen Wirkung von zentraler Bedeutung. Die Einteilung kann unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten erfolgen (chemische Struktur, neuroleptische Potenz, Rezeptorprofil), heute werden üblicherweise unterschieden typische (traditionelle, klassische, konventionelle) Antipsychotika der ersten Generation ‒ »First Generation Antipsychotics« (FGA) ‒ und sog. atypische (»neuere«) Neuroleptika bzw. Antipsychotika der zweiten Generation ‒»Second Generation Antipsychotics« (SGA). Hierzu zählen Aripiprazol, Asenapin, Cariprazin, Clozapin, Olanzapin, Quetiapin, Risperidon, Sertindol und Ziprasidon. Hierbei handelt es sich um keine homogene Gruppe – sowohl neuropharmakologisch (Wirkmechanismus), als auch hinsichtlich klinischem Wirkprofil und dem Nebenwirkungsspektrum bestehen z. T. erhebliche Unterschiede. Neben der Akut-Medikation ist eine Langzeitmedikation bzw. Rezidivprophylaxe mit Antipsychotika für die Rehabilitation vieler schizophrener Patienten im Sinne eines »Stresspuffers« von grundlegender Bedeutung. In Placebo-kontrollierten Studien trat bei Patienten, die über ein Jahr behandelt wurden, bei etwa 30% unter Neuroleptika ein Rezidiv auf, unter Placebo bei mehr als 70%. Für die Langzeitbehandlung bietet sich der Einsatz von Depot-Neuroleptika an, neu entwickelt wurden Langzeit-Depot-Injektionen mit Intervallen von bis zu 3 Monaten. Grundsätzlich ist die niedrigstmögliche (wirksame) Dosis zu verwenden. Im Zentrum der Nebenwirkungen (UAW) standen lange Zeit extrapyramidal-motorische Bewegungsstörungen (EPMS), mit der Einführung von Clozapin und anderen atypischen Antipsychotika der zweiten Generation gewannen andere Nebenwirkungen an Bedeutung. Hierzu zählen Gewichtszunahme, Störungen metabolischer Parameter und ein erhöhtes Risiko für Mortalität und zerebrovaskuläre Ereignisse bei älteren Patienten mit Demenz. Entsprechende Kontrolluntersuchungen sind erforderlich, für Clozapin gibt es aufgrund seines Agranulozytose-Risikos Sonderbestimmungen. Immer sollte ein Gesamtbehandlungsplan orientiert an der neuen S3-Praxisleitlinie Schizophrenie der DGPPN aufgestellt werden, der psychologische und milieu-/sozial-therapeutische Maßnahmen einschließt. Standard ist heute auch eine sog. Psychoedukation, für Psychopharmaka liegen bewährte Patienten-Ratgeber vor.

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