scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Studies of Some Organotin Compounds: (A-Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
pp. 871-878
Author(s):  
Priyanka Siwacha ◽  
Surbhi Soni ◽  
Harish Kumar Sharmaa ◽  
Manoj Kumara
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Organotin Compounds ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Hybrid Complex ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Attention

Significant attention has been given to organotin (IV) amino acids compounds in recent years. Organometallic compounds are better known for their potentiality to stabilize peculiar stereochemistry of their complexes and application in agriculture, catalysis and as single source precursors. Due to the better stability and diverse molecular structures the complexes own a wide range of biological activities. These individual properties create an alliance of action in the hybrid complex. In this review, we discuss the chemistry of organotin (IV) complexes and their different aspects in various fields. The aim of the present review is to evaluate the synthesis, characterization and biological activities of organotin compounds.

scholarly journals Organotin(IV) Dithiocarbamate Complexes: Chemistry and Biological Activity

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Adeyemi ◽  
Damian Onwudiwe
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Tin Sulfide ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Hybrid Complex ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diverse Application ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Significant Attention

Significant attention has been given to organotin(IV) dithiocabamate compounds in recent times. This is due to their ability to stabilize specific stereochemistry in their complexes, and their diverse application in agriculture, biology, catalysis and as single source precursors for tin sulfide nanoparticles. These complexes have good coordination chemistry, stability and diverse molecular structures which, thus, prompt their wide range of biological activities. Their unique stereo-electronic properties underline their relevance in the area of medicinal chemistry. Organotin(IV) dithiocabamate compounds owe their functionalities and usefulness to the individual properties of the organotin(IV) and the dithiocarbamate moieties present within the molecule. These individual properties create a synergy of action in the hybrid complex, prompting an enhanced biological activity. In this review, we discuss the chemistry of organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate complexes that accounts for their relevance in biology and medicine.

γ-Hydroxybutenolide Containing Marine Natural Products and Their Synthesis: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (22) ◽  
pp. 2436-2468
Author(s):  
Supriya Tilvi ◽  
Safia Khan ◽  
Mahesh S. Majik
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Marine Natural Products ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Secretory Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Biological Studies

: γ-Hydroxybutenolides (γ-HB) is an important structural core found in many bioactive marine natural products (MNPS). The γ-HB core containing NPS served as an inspiration to medicinal chemists to undertake designing of the new synthetic strategies to construct γ-HB core. Subsequently, it further results in the development of novel physiological and therapeutic agents. The most notable example includes manoalides, cacospongionolides, petrosaspongioide M and dysidiolide from marine sponges possessing anti-inflammatory properties. γ-HB containing MNPS were known to possess various pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial (acantholide B), cytotoxic (acantholide A-E, spongianolide A), inhibitors of secretory phospholipase A2 (cladocorans A and B), BACE inhibitors (ianthellidone G), etc. Moreover, the γ-HB moiety was explored as antifouling agents as well. Owing to their numerous biological activities and attractive molecular structures, there are lots of advances in the synthetic methodology of these compounds. This review gives the account on isolation and biological studies of MNPS with γ-HB skeleton as a core unit. Furthermore, the synthesis of selective γ-HB containing bioactive MNPS like manoalide, secomanoalide, cacospongionolides, luffarielloide and dysidiolide were highlighted in the article.

4-THREONINE ANALOGUES OF NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL HORMONES WITH SELECTIVELY ENHANCED OXYTOCIN-LIKE ACTIVITIES

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. SAWYER ◽  
M. MANNING
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Natural Hormone ◽  
Equal Dose ◽  
Rabbit Milk ◽  
Natural Hormones

SUMMARY The 4-threonine analogues of oxytocin and of mesotocin and isotocin were prepared by solid-phase synthesis. [4-Threonine]-oxytocin is about twice as active as oxytocin in rat uterus assays in vitro and in vivo and about three times as active in fowl vasodepressor assays. It is slightly more active than oxytocin in rat or rabbit milk-ejection assays. When infused intravenously into water-loaded rats it causes much less depression of diuresis than does an equal dose of oxytocin. [4-Threonine]-oxytocin has much less vasopressor activity than oxytocin. [4-Threonine]-mesotocin also shows enhanced oxytocin-like properties. Its oxytocic activity is equal to or greater than that of oxytocin and its fowl vasodepressor potency is about the same as that of [4-threonine]-oxytocin, 1500 u./mg. It also has less antidiuretic and vasopressor activities than mesotocin. Thus 4-threonine analogues, containing nothing but common l-amino acids, appear to have more of the specific oxytocin-like properties and less of the vasopressin-like properties than do oxytocin or mesotocin. Thus they may be considered improvements on the natural hormones. In this respect they are unique among the reported synthetic analogues of natural peptide hormones. Substitution of 4-threonine in the weakly-active analogue [3-leucine]-oxytocin also increases its oxytocic and fowl vasodepressor activities. Thus a threonine in the 4-position appears to endow oxytocin-like peptides with greater specific activities than do the amino acids that occur naturally in this position, glutamine and serine. These observations may be of interest when considered (a) from an evolutionary viewpoint, (b) in attempting to interpret relations between molecular structures and biological activities, and (c) as describing peptides with more of the desired properties of oxytocin and less of the undesired properties which might have therapeutic advantages over the natural hormone.

scholarly journals An Update on Pharmacological Potential of Boswellic Acids against Chronic Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nand Kishor Roy ◽  
Dey Parama ◽  
Kishore Banik ◽  
Devivasha Bordoloi ◽  
Amrita Khwairakpam Devi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Boswellic Acid ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpene ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Molecular Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Significant Attention

Natural compounds, in recent years, have attracted significant attention for their use in the prevention and treatment of diverse chronic diseases as they are devoid of major toxicities. Boswellic acid (BA), a series of pentacyclic triterpene molecules, is isolated from the gum resin of Boswellia serrata and Boswellia carteri. It proved to be one such agent that has exhibited efficacy against various chronic diseases like arthritis, diabetes, asthma, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s, etc. The molecular targets attributed to its wide range of biological activities include transcription factors, kinases, enzymes, receptors, growth factors, etc. The present review is an attempt to demonstrate the diverse pharmacological uses of BA, along with its underlying molecular mechanism of action against different ailments. Further, this review also discusses the roadblocks associated with the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of this promising compound and strategies to overcome those limitations for developing it as an effective drug for the clinical management of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Ferrocenyl Substituted Pyrazoles, Synthesis via novel route, Spectral Investigations and Their Biological Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 863-869
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Shashi Sharma ◽  
Hardeep Singh Tuli ◽  
Vinit Parkash
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Phenyl Hydrazine ◽  
Individual Product ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Substituted Pyrazoles

Ferrocenyl substituted heterocyclic compounds have wide range of medicinal approach. The synthesis of ferrocenyl substituted pyrazole is the new concern in these compounds with enhanced biological activities. This work focus on synthesis of ferrocenyl substituted pyrazoles via novel route. The synthesis of 1-phenyl-3-ferrocenyl-pyrazole was investigated involving Friedel Crafts Acylation like reaction conditions. The reaction proceeded through three stages using addition cyclo-condensation of acetyl ferrocene with phenyl hydrazine followed by cyclization using cyclizing reagent iodine in presence of NaHCO3. Individual product separated out having excellent yield (83%). Ferrocenyl substituted pyrazoles were characterized by spectroscopic methods (1H NMR, IR, GC-MS) and their biological properties have been screened.

A Comprehensive Review of the Aizoaceae Family: Phytochemical, and Biological Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riham Omar Bakr
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Activity ◽  
Ice Plant ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Available Information

: The Aizoaceae “ice plant” family, is one of the neglected plant family despites of its promising phytoconstituents. It includes approximately 135 genera and 2499 succulent species distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics worldwide. Many of the species in this family have a long history in traditional medicine, and many phytochemical and biological studies have attempted to confirm the folk uses of these plants. This review gathers all the available information concerning this family offering an in-depth search for all published papers, websites, and proceedings for the identified compounds besides their biological activities. More than one hundred eighty compounds belonging to different classes have been identified and found responsible for a wide range of therapeutic activity including, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, anticancer and antimicrobial activities revealing Aizoaceae species as very promising candidates for all phytochemical and biological studies.

The utilization by preruminant lambs of isolated soya bean protein in low protein milk replacers

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Walker ◽  
RD Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Bean Protein

Preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 2–5 days at the start of the experiment, were used in five experiments with low protein milk replacers (0.10 of total energy as protein). Experiment 1. A diet with isolated soya bean protein (ISP) as the sole source of protein was supplemented with different amounts of DL-methionine. The ISP contained 1.06 g methionine (M) and 1.04 g cystine (C) per 16 g nitrogen (equivalent to 9.1 mg M + C per 100 kJ diet). Maximum nitrogen balance was achieved when the M + C concentration was 15.3 ? 3.7 mg per 100 kJ (equivalent to 3.8 g M + C per 16 g nitrogen). Experiment 2. The ISP diet (plus DL-methionine), was supplemented with L-valine, or L-threonine, or L-isoleucine, or L-lysine monohydrochloride, or a mixture of essential amino acids, to raise their concentration in rsp to those in whole egg proteins (g per 16 g nitrogen). There was no significant improvement in nitrogen balance as aresult of adding amino acids other than DL-methionine. Experiment 3. The ISP diet was supplemented with either DL-methionine (2.4 and 14.8 mg/100 kJ), or L-methionine (2.4 and 1 4 8 mg/100 kJ), or methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) (14.8 mg/100 kJ), or L-cystine (14 8 mg/100 kJ). Nitrogen balances were determined. It was concluded that the Dand L-isomers of methionine had similar biological activities when used to supplement ISP, and that MHA was as effective as DL-methionine. There was no significant increase in nitrogen balance with the L-cystine supplement. Experiment 4. The ISP diet (plus DL-methionine) was given to three lambs continuously for 33 days. There was no significant change in nitrogen balance with increasing age. Experiment 5. The ISP diet (diet A) and a diet of equivalent protein content based on cows' milk proteins (diet B) were supplemented with DL-methionine and given to groups of lambs over a wide range of intakes of gross energy (GE). The maximum intake of GE by lambs given the ISP diet ad libitum was 1147 kJ/day per kg0.73, an intake far lower than that which would have been taken by lambs given the cows' milk diet ad libitum. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and DM in diet A were significantly lower than those in diet B and, at the mean intake of apparently digested nitrogen of 538 mg/day per kg0.73, there were significant differences in the nitrogen balances: the values were 362 and 255 mg nitrogen/day per for the cows' milk and ISP diets respectively.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DOMESTIC APPLE CIDER VINEGAR

AGROFOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna KALABA ◽  
Željka MARJANOVIĆ BALABAN ◽  
Dragana KALABA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

In recent years, interest in examining the chemical composition andpharmacological properties of apple cider vinegar in synergy with the applicationof natural products in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industry has beengrowing. The apple vinegar shows a wide range of biological activities(antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive,immune-stimulatory, anticancer) and it has been used in traditional medicine for along time. It consists of 8 essential amino acids (phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine,lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan and valine), organic acids, enzymes,minerals (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, copper, grape and boron) and vitamins(provitamin C, vitamin A, E, B1, B2, B6, vitamin P and provitamin Beta-carotene).The aim of the study was to examine the antibacterial activity of traditionallyproduced apple cider vinegar and to determine whether it exhibits bactericidal orbacteriostatic activity. The results of the study confirmed the antibacterial activityof apple cider vinegar produced with the traditional method. Its antibacterialactivity is in the range of 11.33mm to 14mm.

Calixarenes (CAs) are promising in biomedicine, biosensing, bioimaging and gene delivery systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Supramolecular Chemistry ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Wide Range

Calixarenes (CAs) are widely employed in biomedicine, e.g. biosensing and bioimaging, and contributed to in vivo and in vitro diagnostics. CAs were also employed to construct medication and gene delivery devices that helped create targeted treatments. CAs' ability to inhibit antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, detoxifying, and amyloid fibrillation also aids in the development of macrocyclic therapies.Because of their ease of modification, CAs' rich (supramolecular) chemistry and their extensive chemical design space benefit such a wide range of medicinal applications. CAs' supramolecular chemistry permits studying biological functions. CAs have unique recognition properties as its cavity can identify and quench many dyes' fluorescence and photoactivity, making them excellent for turn-on fluorescence sensing, imaging, and activatable PDT. CA skeleton may also be utilized as a podand-like ligand to develop novel recognition systems. CAs are also skilled at assembling things. While these early investigations highlighted the biological potential of CA homologues for biosensing, bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, and therapy, there are currently few examples of clinical CA application. CAs' bench-to-bedside translation in biological applications is highly demanded. One CA is undertaking a phase I clinical study, a good indicator. However, from both scientific research and clinical trials, CAs still confront significant practical hurdles in biological applications. To make biosensing applications practicable in clinical settings, sensing systems need to be further developed into sensors or even in-vitro diagnostic kits. In vivo diagnosis and therapy More CA safety investigations including long-term toxicity effects, metabolic pathways, and immune reactions are needed. Some advanced modalities can be employed and explored to improve diagnostic and therapeutic performance, such as multimodal imaging, multiple targeting, and combination therapy. Moreover, despite the huge number of CA derivatives described, their physicochemical features and biological roles remain unclear. Exploring the novel functionalities of existing CAs is crucial, taking the combined efforts of diverse specialists from the domains of supramolecular chemistry, chemical biology, life sciences, pharmacy, and medicine. We believe that ancient molecules can still be employed for various new tricks. This can summarize the underlying link between molecular structures and biological activities to assist drive the creation of novel CA derivatives. We anticipate that CA-based biomedicine will deliver considerable benefits in the near future with ongoing research and development.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF N-ALKYL AMINO LACTAM DERIVATIVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2C) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Phi Thi Dao
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Alkyl Group ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Wide Range

Bengamides are sponge-derived natural products of mixed biosynthesis (polyketides andamino acids), the first two members, isolated from Jaspidae sponges in coral surrounding Fijiislands, were reported in 1986. The main structural variation is located on the 3-aminocaprolactam moiety, and displays a wide range of biological activities, includingantitumor, antibiotic, and anthelmintic properties. These interesting biological activities havemade bengamides popular targets for synthesis and biological studies. There have been somereports on diverse modifications of the caprolactame unit, and indication that N-substitution oncaprolactam greatly influences the antitumor activity. In this paper, we reported the method forsynthesis of 6 amino lactams containing an additional N-alkyl group (4a-4c) and (8a-8c) forfurther synthesis of new bengamide analogues. Their structures were established by MS andNMR spectroscopies.

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