scholarly journals FRESHWATER SAPROPEL: BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS AND METHODS OF EXTRACTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Aneka Klavina ◽  
Agris Auce ◽  
Ilona Pavlovska ◽  
Ivars Vanadzins
Keyword(s):  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Solid Liquid

Previously, sapropel has been commonly used in agriculture, cosmetology and medicine in its raw form and there has been no generally accepted method or standard for realizing sapropel extract. However, for sapropel usage in medicine, balneology and pharmacy, it is essential to develop quality criteria for raw sapropel and its extracts. This review aims at discussing and summing up different techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from sapropel as well as the possibilities of creating quality criteria. This paper covers existing analytical techniques and methodologies; currently, there are few extraction methods using several extractants for obtaining bioactive components from raw sapropel. Different freshwater sapropel types have been described and characterized. Bioactive components in sapropel have been identified and explained. Humic acids and fulvic acids have been identified as the main substances and their extraction methods have been listed. Solid-liquid, ultrasound assisted and supercritical fluid extraction methods have been pointed out as the most suitable. Additionally, analysis and storage conditions of the extracts have been discussed. There have been found to be no commonly accepted standard methods for sapropel extraction, or for the analysis and characterization of the sapropel extracts. For pharmacological applications, a common approach for the extraction process of active substances from sapropel and the analysis procedures of the extracts need to be established. This review will help equip other researchers with the latest information on this topic.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS FROM FRESHWATER SAPROPEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneka Klavina ◽  
Agris Auce ◽  
Ivars Vanadzins ◽  
Alise Silova ◽  
Linda Dobkevica
Keyword(s):  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Minimum Requirements

Sapropel has been used for different purposes - in agriculture as fertilizer, in construction as building material, in cosmetic products, in balneology also in medicine and pharmaceuticals as bioactive component. Previously sapropel has been commonly used in raw form and there is no general accepted method or standard method for obtaining sapropel extract. However, most extraction methods follow the same path. Currently, there are few extraction methods using several extractants for obtaining bioactive components from raw sapropel. The most commonly used extractant is alkaline solution. When sapropel is subjected to alkaline environment, the humic and fulvic acids, together with some lipids, vitamins and sugar, present in the raw sapropel become soluble, however other organic and mineral content present in the sapropel remain solid. Alkaline extraction is followed by filtration and water present in the aqueous mixture is evaporated off. Latvian freshwater sapropel can be used as raw material for obtaining sapropel extract and use it as remedy. But the main question for sapropel usage in medicine, balneology and pharmacy is to develop quality criteria for raw sapropel and its extracts. The quality criteria should include minimum requirements for biologically active substance concentration, pH values, antioxidants as well as physical characteristics. In future studies the differences in extract characteristics of the various deposit sites, as well as the stability of the extracts under different storage conditions should be defined; also, there is need for a common approach to develop method of extraction process for active substances from sapropel and analysis procedures of its extract.

scholarly journals Comparison between Two Solid-Liquid Extraction Methods for the Recovery of Steviol Glycosides from Dried Stevia Leaves Applying a Numerical Approach

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Gallo ◽  
Andrea Formato ◽  
Gaetano Formato ◽  
Daniele Naviglio
Keyword(s):  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Solid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Solid Liquid

Abstract: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial shrub belonging to the Asteraceae family. The leaves contain a mixture of steviol glycosides with extraordinary sweetening properties, among which the most important are stevioside and rebaudioside A. These components have a high sweetening power, which is about 300 times that of sucrose, and a negligible calorie content. However, their extraction and purification are not easy. In this paper, the extraction technique under cyclic pressure, known as rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction (RSLDE), was compared using a Naviglio extractor (NE) with conventional maceration. The aim was to identify an efficient and economically viable method for obtaining high amounts of steviol glycosides in a short time. Furthermore, a numerical model was set up for the solid-liquid extraction process of value-added compounds from natural sources. Several parameters must be evaluated in relation to the characteristics of the parts of the plant subjected to extraction. Therefore, since diffusion and osmosis are highly dependent on temperature, it is necessary to control the temperature of the extraction system. On the other hand, the final aim of this work was to provide a scientific and quantitative basis for RSLDE. Therefore, the results obtained from stevia extracts using the corresponding mathematical model allowed hypothesizing the application of this model to the extraction processes of other vegetable matrices.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Volatile Oils from the Pericarps of Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album) by Different Extraction Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hua Zhang ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Yong Xia Jia ◽  
Jie Tang Zhao ◽  
Guo Hua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Santalum Album L

The chemical composition of volatile compounds from pericarp oils of Indian sandalwood, Santalum album L., isolated by hydrodistillation and solvent extraction, were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The pericarps yielded 2.6 and 5.0% volatile oil by hydrodistillation and n-hexane extraction, and they were colorless and yellow in color, respectively. A total of 66 volatile components were detected. The most prominent compounds were palmitic and oleic acids, representing about 40-70% of the total oil. Many fragrant constituents and biologically active components, such as α- and β-santalol, cedrol, esters, aldehydes, phytosterols, and squalene were present in the pericarp oils. This is the first report of the volatile composition of the pericarps of any Santalum species.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS OF PEAT OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 293-301
Author(s):  
Svetlana Borisovna Selyanina ◽  
Tamara Igorevna Ponomareva ◽  
Ol'ga Nikolayevna Yarygina ◽  
Marina Vital'yevna Trufanova ◽  
Ivan Nikolayevich Zubov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Humic Compounds ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Presowing Treatment ◽  
High Moor ◽  
Northern Russia

The deep processing of peat is one of the important resources for the development of the Northern Russia territories. The humic products are the most perspective from peat bio-active derivatives. At the same time, the presence of accompanying components with biological activity in them does not take into account. This research is focused on the elimination of this inaccuracy by studying the biological activity of fractions extracted from high-moor peat by the method of sequential disassembly. Bioactivity was characterized by the method of laboratory phytotesting on lettuce seeds, pretreated with solutions of preparations with stabilized pH and the content of nutrient salts. The performed studies confirmed the authors' hypothesis about the influence of the method of obtaining peat humic preparations on the biological activity. Antagonism of the effect on the phytoactivity of humic compounds, resins and waxes was revealed.  The additional studies are required for an explanation of this mechanism.  The fulvic acids stimulate seed germination, as part of the humic part, but intensify their damage by rot, while humic acids provide a smaller, but more stable, increase in germination due to the greater preservation of seedlings. Seed treatment with bituminous preparations inhibits the development of rot. The greatest fungicidal effect is shown by the fraction of resins, whereas peat wax, to a lesser extent, inhibits seed damage, but provides the highest and most stable stimulating effect in relation to their germination. Thus, peat bitumen waxes can serve as a good protective and stimulating agent and can be used, for example, to encapsulate seeds, as a presowing treatment to increase yields.

scholarly journals Integrated Green Process for the Extraction of Red Grape Pomace Antioxidant Polyphenols Using Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment and β-Cyclodextrin

Beverages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Aggeliki Alibante ◽  
Achillia Lakka ◽  
Eleni Bozinou ◽  
Arhontoula Chatzilazarou ◽  
Stavros Lalas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Optimized Conditions

Winemaking is a process that generates a large volume of solid waste biomass, which is currently under extensive investigation as a bioresource of precious polyphenolic compounds. These substances are retrieved from vinification side streams principally by deploying solid–liquid extraction methods. In this frame, the present investigation had as objective the development of an alternative, green extraction process for polyphenols, through integration of ultrasonication as a pretreatment stage, and subsequent extraction with aqueous β-cyclodextrin. Polyphenol recovery from red grape pomace (RGP) was shown to be significantly enhanced by ultrasonication pretreatment, and the use of β-cyclodextrin effectively boosted the aqueous extraction. Under optimized conditions, established by response surface methodology, the maximum yield in total polyphenols was 57.47 mg GAE g−1 dm, at 80 °C, requiring a barrier of 10.95 kJ mol−1. The extract produced was significantly enriched in catechin and quercetin, compared to the aqueous extract, exhibiting also increased antiradical activity. These findings highlighted the value of the process developed for targeted recovery of certain polyphenols and the preparation of task-specific extracts.

scholarly journals Efficient two-frequency ultrasound extraction of β-carotene from the fungus Blakeslea trispora

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Avdeenko ◽  
Elena Belova ◽  
Predrag Dasic ◽  
Svetlana Konovalova ◽  
Larisa Baklanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Blakeslea Trispora ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Efficient Energy Transfer ◽  
Temperature Application ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound

Carotenoids are known for their lower environmental pollution, lower costs, shorter extraction time compared to regular extraction methods and higher extraction efficiency. Ultrasound has significant advantages in the extraction of a great number of biologically active compounds including carotenoids. Benefits of using ultrasound for extraction of various compounds are numerous and include effective mixing and micro-mixing, more efficient energy transfer, reduced thermal and concentration gradients, reduced temperature. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of two-frequency ultrasound main parameters such as ultrasonic intensity, sonication time, and temperature. Application of two-frequency ultrasound (simultaneous influence of ultrasound with frequency of 20?46 kHz, intensity of 1.5?2.5 W/cm2 and frequency of 1.0?2.0 MHz, intensity of 2.0?3.0 W/cm2) raises the percentage of ?-carotene extraction from biomass of the fungus Blakeslea trispora from 90?92% up to 98?99% in comparison with one frequency ultrasound. The recommended oil temperature for the extraction process is 35?C, because lower temperature leads to reduction of percentage of ?-carotene extraction, and higher temperature promotes unjustified increase of expenditure of energy.

scholarly journals Bioactive Components of Salvia and Their Potential Antidiabetic Properties: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 3042
Author(s):  
Aswir Abd Rashed ◽  
Devi-Nair Gunasegavan Rathi
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antidiabetic Agent ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
Bioactive Component ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Salvianolic Acids

The utilization of therapeutic plants is expanding around the globe, coupled with the tremendous expansion of alternative medicine and growing demand in health treatment. Plants are applied in pharmaceuticals to preserve and expand health—physically, mentally and as well as to treat particular health conditions and afflictions. There are more than 600 families of plants identified so far. Among the plants that are often studied for their health benefit include the genus of Salvia in the mint family, Lamiaceae. This review aims to determine the bioactive components of Salvia and their potential as antidiabetic agents. The search was conducted using three databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus), and all relevant articles that are freely available in the English language were extracted within 10 years (2011–2021). Salvia spp. comprises many biologically active components that can be divided into monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, and phenolic components, but only a few of these have been studied in-depth for their health benefit claims. The most commonly studied bioactive component was salvianolic acids. Interestingly, S. miltiorrhiza is undoubtedly the most widely studied Salvia species in terms of its effectiveness as an antidiabetic agent. In conclusion, we hope that this review stimulates more studies on bioactive components from medicinal plants, not only on their potential as antidiabetic agents but also for other possible health benefits.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Far East Sikhotinsky Rhododendron (Rh. sichotense) and East Siberian Rhododendron (Rh. adamsii) Using Supercritical CO2-Extraction and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3774
Author(s):  
Mayya Razgonova ◽  
Alexander Zakharenko ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Vasily Grudev ◽  
Kirill Golokhvast
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Target Analytes ◽  
Co2 Flow

Rhododendron sichotense Pojark. and Rhododendron adamsii Rheder have been actively used in ethnomedicine in Mongolia, China and Buryatia (Russia) for centuries, as an antioxidant, immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, vitality-restoring agent. These plants contain various phenolic compounds and fatty acids with valuable biological activity. Among green and selective extraction methods, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction has been shown to be the method of choice for the recovery of these naturally occurring compounds. Operative parameters and working conditions have been optimized by experimenting with different pressures (300–400 bar), temperatures (50–60 °C) and CO2 flow rates (50 mL/min) with 1% ethanol as co-solvent. The extraction time varied from 60 to 70 min. A HPLC-UV-VIS-ESI-MS/MS technique was applied to detect target analytes. A total of 48 different biologically active components have been identified in the Rh. adamsii SC-CO2 extracts. A total of 31 different biologically active components have been identified in the Rh. sichotense SC-CO2 extracts.

scholarly journals Potential Immunomodulatory Properties of Biologically Active Components of Spices Against SARS-CoV-2 and Pan β-Coronaviruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourodip Sengupta ◽  
Debina Bhattacharyya ◽  
Grishma Kasle ◽  
Souvik Karmakar ◽  
Omkar Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
World Health ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced COVID-19 has emerged as a defining global health crisis in current times. Data from the World Health Organization shows demographic variations in COVID-19 severity and lethality. Diet may play a significant role in providing beneficial host cell factors contributing to immunity against deadly SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Spices are essential components of the diet that possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. Hyperinflammation, an aberrant systemic inflammation associated with pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, and multiorgan dysfunction, is a major clinical outcome in COVID-19. Knowing the beneficial properties of spices, we hypothesize that spice-derived bioactive components can modulate host immune responses to provide protective immunity in COVID-19. This study emphasizes that biologically active components of spices might alleviate the sustained pro-inflammatory condition by inhibiting the activity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukins (IL6, IL8), and chemokine (CCL2) known to be elevated in COVID-19. Spices may potentially prevent the tissue damage induced by oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The current study also highlights the effects of spices on the antioxidant pathways mediated by Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and Hmox1 (heme oxygenase 1) to restore oxidative homeostasis and protect from aberrant tissue damage. Taken together, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of bioactive components of spices may hold a promise to target the cellular pathways for developing antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 and pan β-coronaviruses.

Ganodermataceae: Natural Products and Their Related Pharmacological Functions

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 559-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanwei Zhou ◽  
Juan Lin ◽  
Yizhou Yin ◽  
Jingya Zhao ◽  
Xiaofen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Health Products

The objective of this paper is to review the natural products and the pharmacological functions of Ganodermataceae family. Presently, studies on the bioactive components of Lingzhi are focused on polysaccharides and triterpenes/triterpenoids compounds. New Ganoderma polysaccharides, including their molecular weights, glycosyl residue compositions, glycosyl linkage and branches, are summarized in this paper. Also presented are new types of triterpenes and their characteristics from Lingzhi. Taking Ganoderma lucidum as an example, we reviewed its pharmacological functions in anti-tumor and immune-modulating activities for treating hypoglycemosis, hepatoprotection, and the effect on blood vessel system. Based on the advances in Lingzhi research in the past few decades, both G. lucidum and G. sinense are considered as the representative species of medicinal mushroom Lingzhi in China. Until 2001, G. tsugae was only advised to be used as the materials of the health products. The biologically-active components related to pharmacological functions of these three species were studied more than other Ganodermataceae family species; however, which have been used in less modern folk medicine.

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