Ultrafine Bubbles Technology for Breaking Dormancy of Sandalwood Seeds (Santalum album L.

Sandalwood seed has two types of dormancy, namely physical dormancy and physiological dormancy which is a combination of the Two-part is called morphophysiological dormancy. There is for breaks dormancy in sandalwood for earlier embryo maturation and elongation also it has hard and impermeable skin. Its structure consists of layers of thick-walled palisade-like cells especially on the outermost surface and the inside has a waxy coating and curse material. The objective of this study was to break of seed dormancy with technology Ultrafine Bubbles (UFB) on the morphophysiological dormancy on sandalwood seeds. The experiments used a randomized complete block designed (RCBD) with 3 replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and will be continued using the DMRT test at the 5% level. The research was conducted from February - March 0f 2020. The results showed that immersion using UFB water with oxygen 20 ppm or either UFB free oxygen for 24 and 48 hours combined with physical scarification and chemical scarification could accelerate germination in 13 days after germination (appeared radicle), percentage of growth speed (GS) is 4.67%, maximum growth (MG) in 21 days after sowing is 66.67% with normal sprouts 2-4 leaves have grown.

Current Challenges and Prospects of Indonesian Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs): A Review

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) management can lead to various benefits for community livelihood and forest sustainability. However, such management has not been carried out optimally and sustainably in Indonesia, due to various limiting factors including ineffective policies, undeveloped cultivation technologies, and inadequate innovation in processing technologies. Further, the diversity of NTFPs species requires that policy-makers determine the priority species to be developed. Agarwood (Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops spp.), benzoin (Styrax spp.), sandalwood (Santalum album L.), and cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) are aromatic NTFPs species in Indonesia that forest-dwellers have utilized across generations. This paper reviews the current governance, cultivation systems, processing and valuation, and benefits and uses of these species. We also highlights the future challenges and prospects of these NTFPs species, which are expected to be useful in designing NTFPs governance, in order to maximize the associated benefits for the farmers and all related stakeholders.

Diversity of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) and the impact of pruning in Indian sandalwood plantations from Karnataka, India

Indian sandalwood Santalum album L. plantations in Karnataka were surveyed to study the diversity and abundance of spider fauna. A total of 1,244 individuals belonging to 56 spider species in 40 genera under 14 families were recorded in the sandalwood plantations. Among the spider families recorded, Araneidae was the most dominant with 15 species in nine genera followed by Salticidae with 13 species in 10 genera, Thomisidae with seven species in four genera, Oxyopidae with four species in three genera, Uloboridae with four species in a genus, and Theridiidae by three species each under three genera. Lycosidae and Sparassidae are represented by two species under two genera each. The families Cheiracanthiidae, Clubionidae, Hersiliidae, Philodromidae, and Pholcidae are represented by a species each. The pruning of sandalwood revealed a significant negative effect on the occurrence and distribution of spiders.

Formulasi Spray Gel Minyak Atsiri Kayu Cendana (Santalum album L.)

Secara empiris Cendana (Santalum album L.) digunakan sebagai antidepresan, antiinflamasi, antijamur, astringent, obat penenang, insektisida, dan antiseptik. Penggunaan tanaman obat dapat ditingkatkan kenyamanannya dengan memformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan obat. Salah satu sediaan topikal yang cocok untuk inflamasi adalah spray gel. Sediaan spray ini lebih praktis dalam penggunaannya dan juga lebih aman sebab tingkat kontaminasi mikroorganisme lebih rendah karena penggunaannya yang disemprotkan tanpa kontak langsung dengan tangan seperti halnya sediaan topikal lainnya. Konsistensi gel yang memiliki daya lekat cukup tinggi membuat waktu kontak obat yang relatif lebih lama dibanding sediaan lainnya. Pada pembuatan spray gel dengan kandungan minyak atsiri diperlukan adanya emulsifying agent. Carbopol sebagai emulsifying agent yang dipilih dalam formulasi spray gel minyak atsiri cendana, akan dapat menstabilkan zat aktif berbentuk minyak dalam basis berair dengan cara menurunkan tegangan permukaan fase air dan fase minyak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian laboratorium murni dengan observasional eksperimental. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan skala pengamatan dan pengukuran. Pengamatan diakukan terhadap organoleptik dan homogenitas sediaan, serta pengukuran dilakukan terhadap pH, pola penyemprotan, daya sebar lekat dan stabilitas mekanik. Dilakukan analisis statistik terhadap data hasil uji bobot pola penyemprotan dan dilanjutkan dengan uji independent t-test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa formulasi spray gel minyak atsiri kayu cendana (Santalum album L.) dengan variasi carbopol 0,1% (F1) memiliki pola penyemprotan yang baik, dan dengan carbopol 0,3% (F2) memiliki daya lekat yang baik.