Assessment of Biochemical Markers of Perinatal Injuries of Central Nervous System in the Children

10.12737/4991 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Зуйкова ◽  
A. Zuykova ◽  
Балакирева ◽  
E. Balakireva ◽  
Красноруцкая ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Early Age ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Pathology of the central nervous system in children of early age, due mainly hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in the antenatal period and delivery, which occupies a leading place among all factors of perinatal nervous system lesions in infants, is one of the most actual problems of modern medicine. Despite favourable demographic state, the improvement of the quality of perinatal care and medical care of newborns with a weight at birth from 500 grams, the tendency to reduction in the incidence of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system didn’t observed. On the contrary, there is progression of their course, which determines the subsequent mental and physical development of the child - from minimal brain dysfunction and gross motor and intellectual disorders, often resulting in disability. Purpose of the study is to evaluate the clinical features of central nervous system pathology in children of early age by means of neurobiochemistry markers and to develop prognostic criteria for the course and pathogenetic therapy regimens. Materials and methods. Comprehensive survey of 134 children (61 boys and 73 girls ) aged from 0 to 9 months was carried out with the assessment of neurological status and biochemical markers. Results of study. In formation of gravity of perinatal lesions all the studied markers participated, but to a greater extent – the parameters of neurotrophic lesions and endothelial dysfunction. The first component of the nervous tissue of the brain, responding to hypoxia, is microglial environment, which is caused by the growth of lesions S100- protein (i.e., the neuron at the stage of 0-1 months didn’t been metabolic changes – this is evidence of low levels of SOD and MDA).

scholarly journals The use of electroencephalography in patients with sepsis: A review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos-Dimitrios Pantzaris ◽  
Christina Platanaki ◽  
Konstantinos Tsiotsios ◽  
Ioanna Koniari ◽  
Dimitrios Velissaris
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractSepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is the term used to define brain dysfunction related to infections that are principally located outside the central nervous system (CNS). A number of published studies report that electroencephalography (EEG) has been used in the evaluation of patients with sepsis, alone or usually in combination, to evoked potentials and neuroimaging. This was in an effort to assess if EEG can be a tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of the neurological status in sepsis patients. Although there is no specific test for the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis related encephalopathy, our literature review suggests that EEG has a role in the assessment of this clinical entity. Due to its low cost and simplicity in its performance, EEG could be a potential aid in the assessment of sepsis neurological complications even in the early, subclinical stages of the syndrome. The aim of this review is to summarize the published literature regarding the application and utility of electroencephalography in adult patients with sepsis.

scholarly journals The multicellular interplay of microglia in health and disease: lessons from leukodystrophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woutje M. Berdowski ◽  
Leslie E. Sanderson ◽  
Tjakko J. van Ham
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Human Patient ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Microglia are highly dynamic cells crucial for developing and maintaining lifelong brain function and health through their many interactions with essentially all cellular components of the central nervous system. The frequent connection of microglia to leukodystrophies, genetic disorders of the white matter, has highlighted their involvement in the maintenance of white matter integrity. However, the mechanisms that underlie their putative roles in these processes remain largely uncharacterized. Microglia have also been gaining attention as possible therapeutic targets for many neurological conditions, increasing the demand to understand their broad spectrum of functions and the impact of their dysregulation. In this Review, we compare the pathological features of two groups of genetic leukodystrophies: those in which microglial dysfunction holds a central role, termed ‘microgliopathies’, and those in which lysosomal or peroxisomal defects are considered to be the primary driver. The latter are suspected to have notable microglia involvement, as some affected individuals benefit from microglia-replenishing therapy. Based on overlapping pathology, we discuss multiple ways through which aberrant microglia could lead to white matter defects and brain dysfunction. We propose that the study of leukodystrophies, and their extensively multicellular pathology, will benefit from complementing analyses of human patient material with the examination of cellular dynamics in vivo using animal models, such as zebrafish. Together, this will yield important insight into the cell biological mechanisms of microglial impact in the central nervous system, particularly in the development and maintenance of myelin, that will facilitate the development of new, and refinement of existing, therapeutic options for a range of brain diseases.

scholarly journals COVID-19. Liver damage – visualization features and possible causes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
A. S. Vinokurov ◽  
M. V. Nikiforova ◽  
A. A. Oganesyan ◽  
O. O. Vinokurova ◽  
A. L. Yudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Main Target ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Damage Visualization

Item. To evaluate the features of CT imaging of the liver and the possible causes of pathological changes in COVID-19.Materials and methods. An analysis of the literature and our own data on the features of CT imaging of the liver in combination with biochemical analyzes in patients with COVID-19 was performed. The main possible causes of changes in the liver, as well as symptoms with CT, are examined.Results. The main target of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is the respiratory system. But among patients with COVID-19, along with damage to the central nervous system, myocardium, and intestines, cases of liver damage or dysfunction have been reported. This is expressed in an increase in biochemical markers of liver damage, as well as in a diffuse decrease in its density during CT, which is usually observed in the acute stage of the disease.

Particle counting immunoassay of S100 protein in serum. Possible relevance in tumors and ischemic disorders of the central nervous system.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1387-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
O C Fagnart ◽  
C J Sindic ◽  
C Laterre
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Particle Counting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract S100 protein (S100) was assayed by particle counting immunoassay in serum samples from 50 healthy individuals, 325 patients with various neurological disorders, and 20 patients with malignant melanoma. The detection limit for this protein was 0.3 microgram/L. We detected none in healthy individuals or in 50 patients with multiple sclerosis, 23 with dementia, or 20 with meningitis. S100 was detectable in serum of only a few patients with meningoradiculitis (2/20), peripheral neuropathy (2/30), encephalitis (1/14), Guillain-Barré syndrome (1/25), or AIDS (2/20). In contrast, we observed high concentrations in 29 of 75 patients with tumors of the central nervous system, especially in meningioma (6/9), glioblastoma (9/23), and neurinoma (5/5). Values for S100 were mainly abnormally high (greater than 0.3 microgram/L) in serum from patients with cerebrovascular disorders (43/48) or with metastases of melanoma (9/11).

scholarly journals Pathological changes in the central nervous system, caused by a lumbar puncture

2020 ◽  
Vol VIII (3) ◽  
pp. 28-66
Author(s):  
V. P. Osipov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Established Fact

One of the most important purposes of scientific experiments performed by doctors on animals is to serve the interests of the clinic; it is a well-established fact, thanks to which modern medicine in general, and the clinic in particular, has been enriched with the greatest discoveries. Particularly important is the preliminary conduct of experiments on animals, when the clinic offers new means of treating diseases, which, for theoretical reasons, may turn out to be harmful to the human body; the use of such a means can be justified only in the case if the good results achieved by them cover its temporary harmful effect; but even under such conditions, the doctor should be aware of the unfavorable aspects of the action of the means used by him.

Involvement of TOLL-like receptors in the neuroimmunology of alcoholism

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
M.I. Airapetov ◽  
S.O. Eresko ◽  
A.A. Lebedev ◽  
E.R. Bychkov ◽  
P.D. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Hmgb1 Protein ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Alcohol use is a global socially significant problem that remains one of the leading risk factors for disability and premature death. One of the main pathological characteristics of alcoholism is the loss of cognitive control over the amount of consumed alcohol. Growing body of evidence suggests that alterations of neuroimmune communication occurring in the brain during prolonged alcoholization are one of the main mechanisms responsible for the development of this pathology. Ethanol consumption leads to activation of neuroimmune signaling in the central nervous system through many types of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as well as the release of their endogenous agonists (HMGB1 protein, S100 protein, heat shock proteins, extracellular matrix breakdown proteins). Activation of TLRs triggers intracellular molecular cascades leading to increased expression of the innate immune system genes, particularly proinflammatory cytokines, subsequently causing the development of a persistent neuroinflammatory process in the central nervous system, which results in massive death of neurons and glial cells in the brain structures, which are primarily associated with the development of a pathological craving for alcohol. In addition, some subtypes of TLRs are capable of forming heterodimers with neuropeptide receptors (corticoliberin, orexin, ghrelin receptors), and may also have other functional relationships.

A MENINGIOMA WITH ISLETS OF EXTRAMEDULLARY MYELOID METAPLASIA

Neurosurgery ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. E418-E419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Zona ◽  
Giannantonio Spena ◽  
Pier F. Sbaffi ◽  
Renato Spaziante
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis ◽  
Intracranial Meningioma ◽  
Idiopathic Myelofibrosis ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Myeloid Metaplasia ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cell Disorder

Abstract OBJECTIVE Idiopathic myelofibrosis is a clonal stem cell disorder that leads to ineffective erythropoiesis accompanied by reactive myelofibrosis (bone marrow fibrosis). As a consequence, extramedullary hematopoiesis characteristically develops. The central nervous system is rarely affected; the spinal canal and the cranial meninges are generally the preferred locations. Extramedullary hematopoiesis within central nervous system primary tumors have already been reported but, to our knowledge, never before in a patient with evidence of idiopathic myelofibrosis. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A patient experiencing generalized idiopathic myelofibrosis developed a hemorrhagic intracranial meningioma containing islets of extramedullary myeloid metaplasia. INTERVENTION The tumor was radically removed through a right frontal craniotomy. After surgery, the patient recovered completely and was discharged with a normal neurological status. After 6 years, the patient is in excellent condition with no sign of recurrence on magnetic resonance imaging scans. CONCLUSION The reasons for this uncommon association are uncertain, but we hypothesize that myeloid islets may be involved in the origin of the tumor as well as in its acute hemorrhagic onset. Moreover, we suggest that in the presence of proven idiopathic myelofibrosis intracranial myeloid metaplasia should be ruled out by appropriate neuroimaging and considered as a potential diagnosis in the presence of brain lesions.

Case 29

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-201
Author(s):  
Lucinda Barrett ◽  
Bridget Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Intensive Care Setting ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neurosurgical infections include those of devices such as external ventricular drains and permanent shunts (e.g. ventriculo-peritoneal and ventriculo-atrial). Organisms can form biofilm on the surface of such devices, sometimes sufficient to cause blockage. Patients may present with signs of meningitis or of shunt blockage. In the intensive care setting patients may have fever and/or deterioration in their neurological status. These infections are complex to manage as they usually require removal/revision of the device and delivery of high levels of antibiotics to the central nervous system. Each of these has risks and needs to be expertly managed. This case describes an acute infection in an external ventricular drain.

Cavernous angiomas of the central nervous system in children

1992 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Michael Scott ◽  
Patrick Barnes ◽  
William Kupsky ◽  
Lester S. Adelman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Cavernous Angioma ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Incomplete Resection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cavernous Angiomas ◽  
The Central Nervous System

✓ A surgical series of 19 patients under the age of 18 years with pathologically verified cavernous angioma is presented. Most lesions were located in the cerebral hemispheres, but four were in the pons or midbrain, two in the diencephalon, and one in the spinal cord. Fourteen patients presented with an acute or progressing neurological deficit, three with seizures, one infant with irritability, and one with headache alone. Five patients had family histories of vascular malformations of the central nervous system, and five had multiple lesions. Surgery for small or deep lesions was aided considerably by intraoperative ultrasonographic or stereotactic localization techniques. Pathological examination of the resected malformations revealed a complex histology containing not only typical closely approximated cavernous vessels, but also areas of marked proliferation of granulation tissue and partially re-endothelialized hemorrhage, suggesting a mechanism for the apparent growth of certain cavernous angiomas. The postoperative results were good, with only one patient suffering a permanent worsening of neurological status after surgery. Incomplete resection was initially carried out in five patients, two of whom rebled within 1 year after operation. Long-term follow-up findings in these patients have emphasized the unusual history of certain of these malformations.

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