Argumentation Representatives in German Scientific Text

10.12737/2450 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Кремер ◽  
Inessa Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
Text Interpretation ◽  
Linguistic Representation ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Critical Text ◽  
Evaluative Reasoning ◽  
Main Components

The paper deals with the study related to linguistic representation of argumentation in German scientific text. The structure of argumentation in scientific reviews from German journals «Lebende Sprachen», «Muttersprache», «Zeitschrift fr Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaft und Kommunikationsforschung », «Zielsprache Deutsch», which are the objects of study, has been presented in this paper. Argumentation in a scientific critical text is not just a logical procedure but also a kind of activity performed by a reviewer. Argumentation demonstrates an evaluative reasoning, where reasonable and emotional evaluations are expressed in a variety of ways and at the same time they have standard norms. It should be call information sharing, verification, evaluation and persuasion as main components of argumentation process, where the persuasion is a dominant component in the scientific text interpretation.

Fractionated Pyrolysis of Biomass and its Components

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 734-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Liu ◽  
De Kui Shen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Total Weight Loss ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Fractionated pyrolysis of biomass and its three main components (viz. hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) was carried out on a thermogravimetric analyzer, which effectively separated the pyrolysis progress of different compositions. Three temperature ranges of 40-300 °C, 300-400 °C and 400-700 °C were presented with hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin as the dominant component, respectively. Fir contains much more cellulose and lignin than rice straw, and thus the weight loss in 300-400 °C is much higher, as 66.4% of the total weight loss. Rice straw contains more extractives and hemicellulose, resulting in higher mass loss in the early pyrolysis stage of 40-300 °C. The pyrolysis of biomass was predicted by hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin according to the additivity law, and the fractionated pyrolysis showed good performance in the prediction of volatile and residue yields of wood biomass. The interactions of biomass components were revealed to be unneglectable.

Analyzing the liabilities and stockholders' equity of the world's leading public oil and gas corporations

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-763
Author(s):  
O.V. Shimko
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Total Debt ◽  
Accounts Payable ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

Subject. The article investigates liabilities and equity of leading public oil and gas companies from 2006 to 2018. Objectives. The focus is on determining the current values of the main components of liabilities and equity of leading public oil and gas companies, identifying the key trends over the studied period and factors that led to the changes. Methods. The paper employs methods of comparative, financial, and economic analysis, generalization of official annual reports on financial and business operations of the said corporations. Results. Based on the results of the comprehensive analysis of balance sheets of 25 oil and gas companies, I established movements in the size and structure of liabilities and equity in the public sector of the industry and the main factors that contributed to the changes. Conclusions. Over the studied period, I revealed an increase in the balance sheet valuation of liabilities and equity of most of leading public oil and gas companies, notwithstanding a noticeable decrease in their value after the industry crisis. The components of liabilities and equity remained approximately equal, but the transformation in the ratio between the components occurred within the indicators themselves. The long-term component started prevailing in the structure of liabilities. It was driven by growing total debt, which almost equaled the value of accounts payable. As a result, the total debt became the dominant component of long-term liabilities, and accounts payable retained key positions only in the short-term component.

scholarly journals Factive and Fictive in a Literary Critical Text

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2 (18)) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Lilit Gharagozyan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
National Language ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
Critical Text ◽  
Direct Indication ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

The aim of the present research is to reveal different stylistic devices that impart expressiveness as well as emotionality to the literary critical text. Being a historical category, scientific style is first of all based on the development of the scientific thought and is characterized by the state of the national language and by the abilities and skills of the author, as well as that of the reader, for whom the scientific text is meant. Scientific prose requires the use of a specific discourse, sometimes with a certain amount of ambiguity and indefiniteness. In recent years, there has been a significant rise in studies concerning the usage of different stylistic devices in scientific discourse, which is a direct indication of a complex dialectical relationship of the two main functional styles. All these elements of emotionality are necessary elements for the literary critical text. They essentially serve as additional reinforcements for the final clarification of the thought which is expressed in a neutral way. It should be noted that the fictive elements play a significant role in scientific discourse, thus contributing to the clarification of scientific theories and principles.

scholarly journals The Emerging Music Business Model: Back to the Future?

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Koster
Keyword(s):  
Music Industry ◽  
Cellular Phone ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Recording Industry ◽  
Music Business ◽  
Music Downloading ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Main Components

For many years, the music industry has consisted of two main components: the concert industry and the recording music industry. Throughout the 80s and 90s, thanks mostly to CD sales, the recording music industry was dominant in terms of revenue and visibility. It reached record US sales in 1999 and 2000 (over $14.3 billion in 2000, $13.2 billion of which for CD albums), and between the years 2000 and 2007, the industry has seen a decline of 44% in its sales of physical records. Reluctantly, the recording industry has joined the digital world by signing agreements with a variety of organizations providing music downloading, in particular with Apple and its iTunes downloading service. It earned 1.4 billion dollars from music downloading in 2007 (with another billion from other digital sales such a cellular phone ringtones). Obviously, digital sales have fallen short of compensating the industry for its losses of physical record sales. The concert industry is re-emerging as the potential dominant component of the music industry. In contrast to the recording industry, its revenues have not been affected by illegal Internet downloading. On the contrary, it is making use of the Internet to increase them. Recording artists are taking advantage of the weakening of the recording labels and of the opportunities offered by the Internet to loosen their dependence on the labels. Finally, the once well-defined separation between the concert industry and the recording industry may be disappearing: concert organizers are getting into the recording business and majors are getting into the concert business.

scholarly journals Improving the Culture of Scientific Speech as an Important Aspect of the Formation of Research Competence of Future Ph. Ds.

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Iryna Oliinyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Academic Culture ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
Research Competence ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of

A theoretical analysis of the definition of «culture of scientific speech» has been carried out in the article. Based on the analysis of modern research, the main approaches to the use of scientific communication tools in the process of forming research competence have been presented. The communicative aspect of research competence of future Ph.Ds. has been defined. It consists in the integration of the culture of oral and written scientific speech, academic culture, and basic skills of written scientific speech. The main components of the culture of scientific speech have been given The analysis of scientific literature has revealed stable stylistic features of scientific speech, which should guide future Ph.Ds. during their scientific effort. The peculiarities of the formation of research competence in the context of the use of scientific speech tools by future doctors of philosophy have been determined. The main approaches to the construction of scientific research (systemic, aspect, conceptual, empirical, pragmatic, scientific) have been formulated. The main criteria for writing a scientific text (relevance, novelty and originality, persuasiveness, scientific and methodological character) have been described. The main directions of the development of communicative culture of future Ph.Ds. in the conditions of postgraduate school have been emphasized.

scholarly journals Vitamin C and aroma composition of fresh leaves from Kalanchoe pinnata and Kalanchoe daigremontiana

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Zawirska-Wojtasiak ◽  
Beata Jankowska ◽  
Paulina Piechowska ◽  
Sylwia Mildner-Szkudlarz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Juice Extraction ◽  
Kalanchoe Pinnata ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Aroma Components ◽  
Kalanchoë Daigremontiana ◽  
Kalanchoe Daigremontiana

AbstractSpecies of kalanchoe are rich in bioactive compounds and are widely used in folk medicine; however, these plants are not well known from the point of view of aroma. Two species, Kalanchoe pinnata and Kalanchoe daigremontiana, were examined after six months and two years of growth and their vitamin C content, succulence, and aroma composition were determined. The efficiency of juice extraction was highest (72%) for the leaves of K. daigremontiana after six months of growth. The concentration of vitamin C was highest in juices from two-year-old plants and much higher in the juice of K. pinnata (81 mg/100 g). SPME/GC/MS analysis identified 32 aroma components, considering those with the spectrum similarity over 75%. The main components were furan-2-ethyl, hexanal, 2-hexenal, 2,4-hexadienal, 1-octen-3-ol, nonanal. The quantitative relations of these compounds were somewhat different in the two species. The most dominant component, 2-hexenal, is responsible for the green-like aroma noted by the sensory panel.

Structural analysis of the photosynthetic membrane from Ectothiorhodospira halochloris

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 740-741
Author(s):  
H. Engelhardt ◽  
R. Guckenberger ◽  
W. Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Reaction Centre ◽  
Photosynthetic Membrane ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Viridis ◽  
Photosynthetic Membranes ◽  
Ectothiorhodospira Halochloris ◽  
Main Components

Bacterial photosynthetic membranes contain, apart from lipids and electron transport components, reaction centre (RC) and light harvesting (LH) polypeptides as the main components. The RC-LH complexes in Rhodopseudomonas viridis membranes are known since quite seme time to form a hexagonal lattice structure in vivo; hence this membrane attracted the particular attention of electron microscopists. Contrary to previous claims in the literature we found, however, that 2-D periodically organized photosynthetic membranes are not a unique feature of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. At least five bacterial species, all bacteriophyll b - containing, possess membranes with the RC-LH complexes regularly arrayed. All these membranes appear to have a similar lattice structure and fine-morphology. The lattice spacings of the Ectothiorhodospira haloohloris, Ectothiorhodospira abdelmalekii and Rhodopseudomonas viridis membranes are close to 13 nm, those of Thiocapsa pfennigii and Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis are slightly smaller (∼12.5 nm).

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

A controller for safe, convenient operation of LaB6 emitters on electron-beam instruments

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
W. J. Abramson ◽  
H. W. Estry ◽  
L. F. Allard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Control System ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Electron Guns ◽  
Tungsten Filaments ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Main Components

LaB6 emitters are becoming increasingly popular as direct replacements for tungsten filaments in the electron guns of modern electron-beam instruments. These emitters offer order of magnitude increases in beam brightness, and, with appropriate care in operation, a corresponding increase in source lifetime. They are, however, an order of magnitude more expensive, and may be easily damaged (by improper vacuum conditions and thermal shock) during saturation/desaturation operations. These operations typically require several minutes of an operator's attention, which becomes tedious and subject to error, particularly since the emitter must be cooled during sample exchanges to minimize damage from random vacuum excursions. We have designed a control system for LaBg emitters which relieves the operator of the necessity for manually controlling the emitter power, minimizes the danger of accidental improper operation, and makes the use of these emitters routine on multi-user instruments.Figure 1 is a block schematic of the main components of the control system, and Figure 2 shows the control box.

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