Effect of malting process duration on malting losses and quality of wheat malts

The study assesses impact of malting process duration on malting losses and quality of malts obtained from three varieties of winter wheat, i.e., Elixer, Rockefeller and Gimantis. The findings show that increased duration of the malting process (from 4 to 7 days) corresponded to greater total weight loss, with the most significant differences observed between 5-day and 6-day wheat malts. The qualitative analysis of the malts was carried out in accordance with EBC methodology. The assessments showed that the 5-day long malting process applied to the relevant wheat varieties resulted in production of high-quality malt with optimum malting losses observed in the case of Elixer and Rockefeller varieties. Slightly higher malting losses were identified in the case of Gimantis, and the malt obtained from this variety had very high contents of soluble protein (on average 5.34% d.m.) and Kolbach Index (average of 50.49%), which reflects high proteolytic activity during the grain malting process and a need to modify the malting process for this variety.

Obesity, bariatric surgery, and weight regain parameters: a concise systematic review

Introduction: Obesity, an easily diagnosed disease, is multifactorial, chronic, and difficult to manage. It has increased alarmingly and is now one of the main public health problems. It is associated with several comorbidities and poorer quality of life. Bariatric surgery is currently widely accepted and described in the literature as the most effective method for the treatment of obesity. Even though this is the best method, weight regain (WR) is also checked. In the literature, there are several parameters used to configure WR, and with that, several results are presented. Objective: This paper aims to review the parameters used to assess WR after bariatric surgery. Method: A bibliographic review of the last 5 years was carried out in the PubMed and Scielo virtual databases with the following keywords: bariatric surgery, obesity, and weight regain, in October and November 2019. Result: Lack of unanimity in the definition and parameters for WR is still a reason for further studies. And with that, the results are also presented in a varied way, depending on the parameter used. Conclusion: The subject is relatively new and there is a need for more studies to define and quantify the meaning of WR, to also improve the approach and management of the patient with weight regain. But there seems to be a tendency to adapt itself as a favorable response to surgical success when at least 50% excess weight loss (%EWL) and > 20% total weight loss is achieved, and that any regain should not be used. as a parameter to define it.

Single Anastomosis Duodenoileal Bypass or Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass After Failed Sleeve Gastrectomy: Medium-Term Outcomes

Background Although the sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has good short-term results, it comes with a significant number of patients requiring revisional surgery because of insufficient weight loss or functional complications. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the single anastomosis duodenoileal bypass (SADI-S) versus the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on health outcomes in (morbidly) obese patients who had previously undergone SG, with up to 5 years of follow-up. Methods Data from patients who underwent revisional SADI-S or RYGB after SG were retrospectively compared on indication of surgery, weight loss, quality of life, micronutrient deficiencies, and complications. Results From 2007 to 2017, 141 patients received revisional laparoscopic surgery after SG in three specialized Dutch bariatric hospitals (SADI-S n=63, RYGB n=78). Percentage total weight loss following revisional surgery at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years was 22%, 24%, 22%, 18%, and 15% for SADI-S and 10%, 9%, 7%, 8%, and 2% for RYGB (P<.05 for 1–4 years). Patients who underwent RYGB surgery for functional complications experienced no persistent symptoms of GERD or dysphagia in 88% of cases. No statistical difference was found in longitudinal analysis of change in quality of life scores or cross-sectional analysis of complication rates and micronutrient deficiencies. Conclusion Conversion of SG to SADI-S leads to significantly more total weight loss compared to RYGB surgery with no difference in quality of life scores, complication rates, or micronutrient deficiencies. When GERD in sleeve patients has to be resolved, RYGB provides adequate outcomes. Graphical abstract

What is The Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients with a BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2?

Background: To investigate the effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) in patient with a Body Mass Index (BMI)≥50 kg/m² groups on weight loss and comorbidities as the first and alone option. Methods: The prospectively maintained data obtained from patients with a BMI ≥ 50 who underwent SG between February, 2016 - February, 2020 were evaluated. Results: 138 patient with a BMI≥50 kg/m² underwent surgery. Average BMI: 56.36±7.661, age 37.41±12.33. Forty eight patients underwent cholecystectomy and/or hiatal hernia repair (HHR), as well. The percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) values of patients in months 3, 6, 12 and 24 were 36.70%, 54.34%, 67.58%, 72.45%, 74.14% and the percentage of total weight loss (TWL%) values were 20.17%, 29.59%, 36.93%, 39.62%, 40.65%, respectively. The mean BMI values in month 0 and in the 3rd, 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th months were 56.36, 45.10, 39.76, 35.48, 33.96 and 33.42 respectively. The values measured in the month 0 and in the 3rd, 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th months were significantly different for EWL%, TWL% and BMI variables (p<0.001), but EWL% (p = 0.527), TWL% (p = 0.396) and BMI (p=0.657) were not found significantly different between the 18th and 24th months. When EWL% was accepted as ≥50, the success rate was found to be 93.55%(n=93) and 92%(n=50) in months 12 and 24, respectively. Conclusion: SG appears to be an effective and safe treatment method as the first option for weight loss and for treatment of concomitant disorders in patient with a BMI ≥ 50 kg/m² groups. Further long-term studies are needed to confirm these results.

IMPORTANCE OF SHODHANA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAMANYA SHODHANA OF TAMRA

Rasa Shastra is a branch of Ayurveda, which deals with the uses of drugs originated mainly from metals and minerals substances like Tamra Bhasma. Raw Tamra may contain impurities, heterogeneous and unwanted qualities. Aim of Shodhana is to make it purified and make it free from toxicity and suitable for the body. In this study Shodhana of Tamra was performed by classical method mentioned in Rasa Ratna Samucchya. In this process for Samanya Shodhana of Tamra. It was heated and after red hot it was quenched for 7 times in Tila Taila, Takra, Gomutra, Kanji and Kulattha kwatha in order. Total weight loss of Tamra after Samanya Shodhana was 13.33%, which shows removal of impurities. Literally, Shodhana is a procedure of elimination of Doshas in a drug. After Shodhana Loss on weight of Tamra, pH and colour changes of all liquid media were observed.

A study of the structure and morphology of the graphite electrochemical exfoliation products

The paper presents a generalized analysis of the results of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and TG/DSC analysis of electrochemical exfoliation products from two types of initial graphite raw materials at different process temperatures in solutions of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). It is shown that an increase in the concentration of an alkaline electrolyte in the range from 0.1 to 1.0 molL–1 promotes the intensification of the process of separation and splitting of graphite into fragments. In the case of the formation of large fragments, the product contains a significant amount of intercalated potassium ions, which are not removed when the material is washed off. The products of electrochemical exfoliation of the spent electrocontact graphite material demonstrate structural heterogeneity, contain a significant amount of functional groups and impurities of the amorphous phase. Thermogravimetric curves have several sections of sample weight reduction. After heating these materials in an inert atmosphere to 900 °C, the total weight loss reaches 66 %. From a thermally expanded graphite foil, samples of nanographites, extremely homogeneous in chemical composition, with increased thermal stability and a minimum number of surface defects were obtained. The total weight loss of the samples when heated in an inert atmosphere to 900 °C does not exceed 17 %. It was shown that the replacement of an alkaline electrolyte with a sulfuric acid solution leads to an increase in the number of defects in the product.

Study on the kinetics of gas-solid based synergistic reduction of limonite carbon-containing pellets

The gas-solid-based synergistic reduction of pellets is an innovative and effective method for iron ore smelting. With the development and utilization of iron resources, ore reserves have been greatly depleted; therefore, as a lean mineral resource, the comprehensive utilization of limonite has become increasingly important. To study the reduction kinetics of pellets in depth, this study used coke and reducing gases (CO and H2) to study the reduction characteristics and changes occurring in carbon-containing limonite pellets. The results showed that the total weight loss percentage of pellets gradually increased with the temperature. The C/O molar ratio had a greater effect on the total weight loss percentage of pellets in a N2atmosphere, but it had no significant effect in CO or H2atmospheres. The maximum reaction rate increased with increasing temperature. The reduction reaction was the most difficult to proceed in the N2atmosphere, and the reaction was most likely to occur in the CO atmosphere. The analysis of pellets by EPMA and XRD found that the pellets reduced in the N2atmosphere had the lowest porosity, and the pellets reduced in the H2atmosphere had the highest porosity, which is more conducive to gas diffusion. Some of the unreduced Si, Al, Mn, Ca, and Fe in the pellets reduced in the N2atmosphere precipitated in the form of oxides, but when a reducing gas (CO, H2) was introduced, precipitation did not occur.