Morphological changes in the brain of wistar rats after insulin injection

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Бантыш ◽  
B. Bantysh ◽  
Макишева ◽  
R. Makisheva ◽  
Субботина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain

The morphological changes in the brain tissue of Wistar rats of different ages after intramuscular insulin injection in the dose of 1 IU/kg are typical for the hypoxic lesions of nervous tissue. The brain of rats at the age of 1-2 months responds to increased deposition of glycogen, moderate swelling around the cells and blood vessels. The effect of insulin on the brain Mature rats at the age of 5-7 months leads to vasodilatation, more pronounced swelling around the cells and blood vessels, hypertrophy of cells, aggregation and diabetes of red blood cells. The severity of ischemic changes significantly increased in the brain of old rats at the age of 20-24 months. These old rats had the senile dendrites, the widespread hypertrophic degenerative changes, i.e. flask-shaped vasodilation, hyperemia. In most of the visual fields are detected capillaries with the presence of aggregation on the side erythrocytes, signs of micro thrombosis, hemorrhage areas. The authors note that there is a loss of tone and tortuosity of the small arterioles, widespread swelling around the cells and around the blood vessels. Morphological signs of brain reaction on insulin injection reflect the death of cortical neurons, marked swelling of the brain tissue, disruption of vascular permeability, the thrombus formation and hemorrhages.

scholarly journals Expression of NMDA receptor and microRNA-219 in rats submitted to cerebral ischemia associated with alcoholism

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Iozzi Silva ◽  
Paulo Cézar Novais ◽  
Andressa Romualdo Rodrigues ◽  
Camila A.M. Carvalho ◽  
Benedicto Oscar Colli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
Control Sham

ABSTRACT Alcohol consumption aggravates injuries caused by ischemia. Many molecular mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, including neurotransmitter expression, which is regulated by microRNAs. Objective: To evaluate the microRNA-219 and NMDA expression in brain tissue and blood of animals subjected to cerebral ischemia associated with alcoholism. Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were divided into groups: control, sham, ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic. The expression of microRNA-219 and NMDA were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results: When compared to the control group, the microRNA-219 in brain tissue was less expressed in the ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic groups. In the blood, this microRNA had lower expression in alcoholic and ischemic plus alcoholic groups. In the brain tissue the NMDA gene expression was greater in the ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic groups. Conclusion: A possible modulation of NMDA by microRNA-219 was observed with an inverse correlation between them.

Clinical evaluation of Nasya Karma and Vatagajankusha Rasa effect in the management of Pakshaghata

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep . ◽  
A. S. Prashanth ◽  
S. G. Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cerebral Blood Vessels ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Brain

Vata Vyadhi is considered one among the Ashta Maha Gada as told by Acharya’s. Out of all Nanatmaja Vata Vyadhis, the disease Pakshaghata is considered superior among the other Vataja disorders. In modern era, the Lakshana’s of Pakshaghata is closely resembles the disease Hemiplegia. In Hemiplegia, symptoms appears due to the Ischemia of Brain tissue which is an end result of improper blood supply to the brain either due to thrombus, embolism or may be due to rupture of any cerebral blood vessels. Acharya Bhela, has considered Pakshaghata as one among the Asthi Majjagata Roga’s. Acharya Sushruta also states that, the Mastulunga Majja is nothing but it is Majjadhara Kala. So, here an attempt has been made to evaluate the efficacy of Brimhana Nasya along with Shamanoushadi’s for the management of Pakashaghata.

scholarly journals Neutrophils Return to Bloodstream Through the Brain Blood Vessel After Crosstalk With Microglia During LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Rim Kim ◽  
Young Min Kim ◽  
Jaeho Lee ◽  
Joohyun Park ◽  
Jong Eun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Activated State ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

The circulatory neutrophil and brain tissue-resident microglia are two important immune cells involved in neuroinflammation. Since neutrophils that infiltrate through the brain vascular vessel may affect the immune function of microglia in the brain, close investigation of the interaction between these cells is important in understanding neuroinflammatory phenomena and immunological aftermaths that follow. This study aimed to observe how morphology and function of both neutrophils and microglia are converted in the inflamed brain. To directly investigate cellular responses of neutrophils and microglia, LysMGFP/+ and CX3CR1GFP/+ mice were used for the observation of neutrophils and microglia, respectively. In addition, low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was utilized to induce acute inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. Real-time observation on mice brain undergoing neuroinflammation via two-photon intravital microscopy revealed various changes in neutrophils and microglia; namely, neutrophil infiltration and movement within the brain tissue increased, while microglia displayed morphological changes suggesting an activated state. Furthermore, neutrophils seemed to not only actively interact with microglial processes but also exhibit reverse transendothelial migration (rTEM) back to the bloodstream. Thus, it may be postulated that, through crosstalk with neutrophils, macrophages are primed to initiate a neuroinflammatory immune response; also, during pathogenic events in the brain, neutrophils that engage in rTEM may deliver proinflammatory signals to peripheral organs outside the brain. Taken together, these results both show that neuroinflammation results in significant alterations in neutrophils and microglia and lay the pavement for further studies on the molecular mechanisms behind such changes.

scholarly journals Morphological Features Of Microvascular Tissue Of The Brain At Hemorrhagic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (10) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Kamalovamalika Ilkhomovna ◽  
◽  
Islamov Shavkat Eriyigitovich ◽  
Khaidarov Nodir Kadyrovich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Neuroimmune System ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Brain

Hemorrhagic stroke is less common than ischemic stroke and is heavier and in most cases has an adverse outcome in the form of death of a patient or permanent disability.Recently, there has been a tendency to increase the frequency of GI, which is increasingly found at a younger age. GI is based on a rupture of blood vessels, the development of hemorrhage and as a consequence - the formation of cerebral edema, ischemia of brain tissue, violation of the integrity of GBS, imbalance of the neuroimmune system, as well as violation of the function of other systems and organs.

The Nd:YAG laser in neurosurgery

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Wharen ◽  
Robert E. Anderson ◽  
Bernd Scheithauer ◽  
Thoralf M. Sundt
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
The Brain

✓ The biological response of normal cat brain to Nd:YAG laser light was studied both in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the potential safety of this laser for coagulation in brain tissue. Transmission studies revealed a blood:brain absorption ratio of 100:1 indicating the selective absorption of Nd:YAG light by hemoglobin and enabling Nd:YAG light to selectively heat blood vessels compared to brain tissue. In vivo temperature recordings and pathological evaluation demonstrated a remarkable ability of the brain to dissipate the thermal energy produced by Nd:YAG light with only a small amount of structural damage. Powers of 10 W applied for 8 seconds using a 1.2-mm focused probe resulted in a penetration depth in normal brain of only 2 mm. Thermal recordings also revealed that blood is heated to 90% of its maximum temperature within 3 seconds, while the brain temperature increases linearly as the duration of the laser pulse is increased. In addition, the localized heating of brain tissue was cooled rapidly within seconds following cessation of the laser pulse. These findings indicate that by using short, intermittent pulses of light focused upon blood vessels, damage to the surrounding tissue can be minimized, and the Nd:YAG laser can be used safely as an adjunctive measure for hemostasis in many neurosurgical procedures.

DIPETALONEMA MEPHITIS N. COMB. (= MICROFILARIA MEPHITIS: WEBSTER AND BEAUREGARD, 1964) FROM THE SKUNK, MEPHITIS MEPHITIS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Webster ◽  
M. Beauregard
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Mephitis Mephitis ◽  
Cellular Reaction ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Striped Skunks

Adult filarioids were recovered from the subcutaneous tissue of three striped skunks, Mephitis mephitis, in Quebec. The nematodes have been found to belong to the genus Dipetalonema Diesing, 1861. The microfilariae expressed from the uterus of a gravid female filarioid and those found in the blood of skunks from which adult filarioids were recovered are morphologically indistinguishable from those microfilariae found previously in brain impression smears from Ontario skunks (Webster and Beauregard 1964). The filarioid of the subcutaneous tissue of the skunk has therefore been renamed Dipetalonema mephitis n. comb. (= Microfilaria mephitis Webster and Beauregard 1964).Following histological examination of the brain tissue of a total of 116 Mephitis mephitis, 28 showed the presence of microfilariae, but failed to reveal any cellular reaction in the brain tissue or in the blood vessels of the brain which could be attributed to these parasites.

Expression of protective proteins and morphological changes in the rat brain after prolonged exposure to dust

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Anna G. Zhukova ◽  
Maria S. Bugaeva ◽  
Anastasiya S. Kazitskaya ◽  
Oleg I. Bondarev ◽  
Nadezhda N. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Coal Rock ◽  
Radical Processes ◽  
Protective Proteins ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. The fundamental mechanisms of the body's pathological reaction to coal and dust exposure are hypoxia, excessive activation of free radical processes, structural and metabolic disorders in various organs. Organ-specific molecular defense mechanisms begin to function in the form of changes in the level of proteins with antihypoxic (HIF-3a), chaperone (HSP72), and antioxidant functions (HOx-1 - heme-oxygenase, Prx-1 - peroxiredoxin) under damaging effects. Its high level contributes to the restoration of cells' functional state or indicates significant damage in tissues. Hypoxia and free radical processes are known to lead to severe brain damage and behavioral disorders. To date, little is known about the expression of protective proteins and morphological changes in the brain under prolonged exposure to coal-rock dust on the body. The study aimed to learn the level of intracellular protective proteins HIF-3a, HSP72, HOx-1, Prx-1, and morphological changes in the brain in the dynamics of long-term dust exposure. Materials and methods. Sixty white male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g of the same age took part in the experiment. Dust exposure was modeled by way of dynamic inhalation priming of rats with coal-rock dust (coal of a gas-fat brand) in an intermittent mode for 12 weeks. We perform morphological studies of the brain after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of dust exposure. The cytosolic fraction of brain tissue researchers determined the expression level of HIF-3a, HSP72, HOx-1, and Prx-1 by Western blot analysis. We selected the activity of free radical processes in the brain tissue. Results. Long-term exposure to coal-rock dust on the body at the morphological level in the brain revealed changes that indicate the development of hypoxia and activation of free radical processes: microvascular disorders, pericellular edema, severe dystrophic damage to neurons, focal loss of neurons, activation of glial cells. Activation of the protective proteins HIF-3a, HSP72, HOx-1, and Prx-1 in the early stages (1-3 weeks) of coal-dust exposure provided compensation for free radical processes in brain neurons. An increase in the duration of dust exposure of more than six weeks influences a low level of HSP72, but high HIF-3a and Prx-1, indicating an increase in hypoxic and free radical damage brain. Conclusions. The results obtained to expand the understanding of the morphological and molecular mechanisms that occur in the brain tissue during prolonged dust exposure to the body are essential for developing methods for organ-specific pharmacological correction.

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