Morphological changes in the brain of the wistar rats after insulin injection during and after stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Makisheva ◽  
Tatyana Subbotina-
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
The Brain

Morphological changes in the brain of wistar rats after insulin injection

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Бантыш ◽  
B. Bantysh ◽  
Макишева ◽  
R. Makisheva ◽  
Субботина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain

The morphological changes in the brain tissue of Wistar rats of different ages after intramuscular insulin injection in the dose of 1 IU/kg are typical for the hypoxic lesions of nervous tissue. The brain of rats at the age of 1-2 months responds to increased deposition of glycogen, moderate swelling around the cells and blood vessels. The effect of insulin on the brain Mature rats at the age of 5-7 months leads to vasodilatation, more pronounced swelling around the cells and blood vessels, hypertrophy of cells, aggregation and diabetes of red blood cells. The severity of ischemic changes significantly increased in the brain of old rats at the age of 20-24 months. These old rats had the senile dendrites, the widespread hypertrophic degenerative changes, i.e. flask-shaped vasodilation, hyperemia. In most of the visual fields are detected capillaries with the presence of aggregation on the side erythrocytes, signs of micro thrombosis, hemorrhage areas. The authors note that there is a loss of tone and tortuosity of the small arterioles, widespread swelling around the cells and around the blood vessels. Morphological signs of brain reaction on insulin injection reflect the death of cortical neurons, marked swelling of the brain tissue, disruption of vascular permeability, the thrombus formation and hemorrhages.

Polychlorinated biphenyl induced hepatocyte alterations

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 716-717
Author(s):  
D.N. Collins ◽  
J.N. Turner ◽  
K.O. Brosch ◽  
R.F. Seegal
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
The Brain

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a ubiquitous class of environmental pollutants with toxic and hepatocellular effects, including accumulation of fat, proliferated smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER), and concentric membrane arrays (CMAs) (1-3). The CMAs appear to be a membrane storage and degeneration organelle composed of a large number of concentric membrane layers usually surrounding one or more lipid droplets often with internalized membrane fragments (3). The present study documents liver alteration after a short term single dose exposure to PCBs with high chlorine content, and correlates them with reported animal weights and central nervous system (CNS) measures. In the brain PCB congeners were concentrated in particular regions (4) while catecholamine concentrations were decreased (4-6). Urinary levels of homovanillic acid a dopamine metabolite were evaluated (7).Wistar rats were gavaged with corn oil (6 controls), or with a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 in corn oil at 500 or 1000 mg total PCB/kg (6 at each level).

Morphological Changes in the Brain of Acutely Ill and Weight-Recovered Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Seitz ◽  
Katharina Bühren ◽  
Georg G. von Polier ◽  
Nicole Heussen ◽  
Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Qualitative Review ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
The Brain

Objective: Acute anorexia nervosa (AN) leads to reduced gray (GM) and white matter (WM) volume in the brain, which however improves again upon restoration of weight. Yet little is known about the extent and clinical correlates of these brain changes, nor do we know much about the time-course and completeness of their recovery. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis and a qualitative review of all magnetic resonance imaging studies involving volume analyses of the brain in both acute and recovered AN. Results: We identified structural neuroimaging studies with a total of 214 acute AN patients and 177 weight-recovered AN patients. In acute AN, GM was reduced by 5.6% and WM by 3.8% compared to healthy controls (HC). Short-term weight recovery 2–5 months after admission resulted in restitution of about half of the GM aberrations and almost full WM recovery. After 2–8 years of remission GM and WM were nearly normalized, and differences to HC (GM: –1.0%, WM: –0.7%) were no longer significant, although small residual changes could not be ruled out. In the qualitative review some studies found GM volume loss to be associated with cognitive deficits and clinical prognosis. Conclusions: GM and WM were strongly reduced in acute AN. The completeness of brain volume rehabilitation remained equivocal.

scholarly journals Modafinil Effects on Behavior and Oxidative Damage Parameters in Brain of Wistar Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Ornell ◽  
Samira S. Valvassori ◽  
Amanda V. Steckert ◽  
Pedro F. Deroza ◽  
Wilson R. Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Protein Damage ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Carbonyl Formation ◽  
The Brain

The effects of modafinil (MD) on behavioral and oxidative damage to protein and lipid in the brain of rats were evaluated. Wistar rats were given a single administration by gavage of water or MD (75, 150, or 300 mg/kg). Behavioral parameters were evaluated in open-field apparatus 1, 2, and 3 h after drug administration. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl formation were measured in the brain. MD increased locomotor activity at the highest dose 1 and 3 h after administration. MD administration at the dose of 300 mg/kg increased visits to the center of open-field 1 h after administration; however, 3 h after administration, all administered doses of MD increased visits to the open-field center. MD 300 mg/kg increased lipid damage in the amygdala, hippocampus, and striatum. Besides, MD increased protein damage in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus; however, this effect varies depending on the dose administered. In contrast, the administration of MD 75 and 300 mg/kg decreased the protein damage in the striatum. This study demonstrated that the MD administration induces behavioral changes, which was depending on the dose used. In addition, the effects of MD on oxidative damage parameters seemed to be in specific brain region and doses.

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF ABHRAK BHASM IN WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Amita Singh ◽  
Raj Kumar ◽  
S. K. Kannaujia ◽  
Manikrishna Manikrishna ◽  
N. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
The Brain

Abhrak bhasma (AB) is a type of bhasma prepared from repeated incineration of mineral mica with decoctions of about 72 herbs. The particle size of Abhrak bhasm has been shown to be in the range of 29-88 nanometers and Fe, Ca, Si, Mg and K are found to be as major constituent. Many drugs developed to treat Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders are unable to reach the brain parenchyma in therapeutically relevant concentrations. The blood brain barrier protects brain parenchyma from the uctuation of plasma composition, from pathogenic agents and maintains homeostasis of the brain parenchyma by restricting non-specic ux of ions, peptides, proteins and even cells into and out the brain. Immunohistochemistry is being widely employed as a tool for biological studies. This study is conducted to examine the change in the continuity of Blood brain barrier by using immunohistochemistry, once Abhrak bhasm drug is given in experimental animal and also to examine the histology of organs. In this study a total of 30 adult albino Wistar rats of approximately 4 months age (approx. 150-200 gms) of either sex selected randomly to see the effect of Abhrak bhasm, an ayurvedic drug on Wistar rats. The rats were weighed, marked and divided into 5 groups each consisting of six animals. In normal control group (Group E), no drug was administered and in rest of the four treated groups (Group-A,B,C,D), Abhrak bhasm @ 36 mg/kg B.wt. was administered orally once in each rat. Brain, liver, kidneys,spleen and blood samples were collected in 10% formalin solution after euthanizing the rats at 0.5,2,6 & 12 hours of Abhrak bhasma drug intervention. The alterations in any of the biochemical parameters are within the tolerable limits of liver and kidney since the dose of abhrak bhasm did not affect liver and kidneys. In the present study, the increase in ALP level may be the result of alterations in metabolisms that occurred without any signicant alteration in histology of liver. After applying the immunohistochemistry with the research markers GFAP, CD 34, S 100, GLUT-1 and RECA-1 on the rats in groups A,B,C and D, there was no change in the intensity of immunohistochemistry, with respect to control. While on applying the Occludin, the intensity of immunohistochemistry was reduced in all the treatment groups as compared to the control group. On the basis of ndings of present study it can be concluded that the therapeutic dose of Abhrak bhasma causes changes at the level of tight junctions present in blood brain barrier in rats which is shown by immunohistochemistry with occludin research marker. There is no toxic effect of drug on different organs of rats as no signicant changes in histology of organs are seen. More studies need to be done to check the permeability of blood brain barrier for Abhrak bhasma drug, like calculating its concentration in brain tissues and other vital organs of rat.

scholarly journals Expression of NMDA receptor and microRNA-219 in rats submitted to cerebral ischemia associated with alcoholism

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Iozzi Silva ◽  
Paulo Cézar Novais ◽  
Andressa Romualdo Rodrigues ◽  
Camila A.M. Carvalho ◽  
Benedicto Oscar Colli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
Control Sham

ABSTRACT Alcohol consumption aggravates injuries caused by ischemia. Many molecular mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, including neurotransmitter expression, which is regulated by microRNAs. Objective: To evaluate the microRNA-219 and NMDA expression in brain tissue and blood of animals subjected to cerebral ischemia associated with alcoholism. Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were divided into groups: control, sham, ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic. The expression of microRNA-219 and NMDA were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results: When compared to the control group, the microRNA-219 in brain tissue was less expressed in the ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic groups. In the blood, this microRNA had lower expression in alcoholic and ischemic plus alcoholic groups. In the brain tissue the NMDA gene expression was greater in the ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic groups. Conclusion: A possible modulation of NMDA by microRNA-219 was observed with an inverse correlation between them.

Defective actin dynamics in dendritic spines: cause or consequence of age-induced cognitive decline?

2016 ◽  
Vol 397 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Georg Alexander Mack ◽  
Patricia Kreis ◽  
Britta Johanna Eickholt
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Replicative Senescence ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Filament Dynamics ◽  
Neuronal Soma ◽  
Deteriorating Process ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Ageing is a complex deteriorating process that coincides with changes in metabolism, replicative senescence, increased resistance to apoptosis, as well as progressive mitochondria dysfunction that lead to an increase production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although controversy on the paradigm of the oxidative damage theory of ageing exists, persuasive studies in Caenorhabditis elegans and yeast have demonstrated that manipulation of ROS can modify the process of ageing and influences the damage of proteins, lipids and DNA. In neurons, ageing impacts on the intrinsic neuronal excitability, it decreases the size of neuronal soma and induces the loss of dendrites and dendritic spines. The actin cytoskeleton is an abundant and broadly expressed system that plays critical functions in many cellular processes ranging from cell motility to controlling cell shape and polarity. It is thus hardly surprising that the expression and the function of actin in neurons is crucial for the morphological changes that occur in the brain throughout life. We propose that alterations in actin filament dynamics in dendritic spines may be one of the key events contributing to the initial phases of ageing in the brain.

Effects of Cytoflavin and Neuronol on Morphological Changes in the Brain and Survival of Rats with Ischemic Disturbances in Cerebral Blood Flow

2004 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Bulon ◽  
I. B. Krylova ◽  
N. R. Evdokimova ◽  
A. L. Kovalenko ◽  
L. E. Alekseeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Hormones of thyroid gland in sera of rats treated with different dose of concentrated potassium iodine solutions

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Markovic ◽  
Violeta Mihailovic-Vucinic ◽  
Jelena Aritonovic
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cell Necrosis ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Hormone Status ◽  
Potassium Iodine ◽  
Iodine Dose

Introduction Potassium iodine (KI) is used as a drug therapy for treating numerous diseases such as small-vessel vasculitis, erythema nodosum, vasculitis nodularis, Sweet's syndrome, tuberculosis and granulomatosis, and for iodized salt. At the same time, KI can be harmful. Iodine intake may increase the frequency of thyroiditis in humans, and may induce the occurrence of experimental thyroiditis (ET) in animals. Investigations on an experimental model for the examination of thyroiditis in Wistar rats have clearly showed morphological changes in the rat thyroid evoked by KI administration. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of low and high doses of KI on the thyroid gland of Wistar rats and determine the effect on hormone status (T4, T3 and TSH) in this rat strain. Methods Two groups of rats from the Wistar strain were treated with a low iodine dose (225 ?g/g BW) and with a high iodine dose (675 ?g/g BW) of KI solutions. Untreated nonimmunized animals served as controls. The solution was administrated daily intraperitoneally during the period of 26 consecutive days. Results Monitoring hormone status (TSH, T3 and T4) and morphological changes it was found that therapeutic doses of KI applied in treatment induced the occurrence of experimental thyroiditis (chronic destructive Hashimoto's thyroiditis in humans) and cell necrosis in animals not carrying a genetic susceptibility. Significant inflammatory changes were observed in rats treated with a high iodine dose. Conclusion The early iodine induced cell necrosis and inflammation in the nonimmunized animals without genetic susceptibility is a new experimental model of thyroiditis. .

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