DIPETALONEMA MEPHITIS N. COMB. (= MICROFILARIA MEPHITIS: WEBSTER AND BEAUREGARD, 1964) FROM THE SKUNK, MEPHITIS MEPHITIS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Webster ◽  
M. Beauregard
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Mephitis Mephitis ◽  
Cellular Reaction ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Striped Skunks

Adult filarioids were recovered from the subcutaneous tissue of three striped skunks, Mephitis mephitis, in Quebec. The nematodes have been found to belong to the genus Dipetalonema Diesing, 1861. The microfilariae expressed from the uterus of a gravid female filarioid and those found in the blood of skunks from which adult filarioids were recovered are morphologically indistinguishable from those microfilariae found previously in brain impression smears from Ontario skunks (Webster and Beauregard 1964). The filarioid of the subcutaneous tissue of the skunk has therefore been renamed Dipetalonema mephitis n. comb. (= Microfilaria mephitis Webster and Beauregard 1964).Following histological examination of the brain tissue of a total of 116 Mephitis mephitis, 28 showed the presence of microfilariae, but failed to reveal any cellular reaction in the brain tissue or in the blood vessels of the brain which could be attributed to these parasites.

Morphological changes in the brain of wistar rats after insulin injection

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Бантыш ◽  
B. Bantysh ◽  
Макишева ◽  
R. Makisheva ◽  
Субботина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain

The morphological changes in the brain tissue of Wistar rats of different ages after intramuscular insulin injection in the dose of 1 IU/kg are typical for the hypoxic lesions of nervous tissue. The brain of rats at the age of 1-2 months responds to increased deposition of glycogen, moderate swelling around the cells and blood vessels. The effect of insulin on the brain Mature rats at the age of 5-7 months leads to vasodilatation, more pronounced swelling around the cells and blood vessels, hypertrophy of cells, aggregation and diabetes of red blood cells. The severity of ischemic changes significantly increased in the brain of old rats at the age of 20-24 months. These old rats had the senile dendrites, the widespread hypertrophic degenerative changes, i.e. flask-shaped vasodilation, hyperemia. In most of the visual fields are detected capillaries with the presence of aggregation on the side erythrocytes, signs of micro thrombosis, hemorrhage areas. The authors note that there is a loss of tone and tortuosity of the small arterioles, widespread swelling around the cells and around the blood vessels. Morphological signs of brain reaction on insulin injection reflect the death of cortical neurons, marked swelling of the brain tissue, disruption of vascular permeability, the thrombus formation and hemorrhages.

scholarly journals CONDITIONS DETERMINING THE TRANSPLANTABILITY OF TISSUES IN THE BRAIN

1923 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Murphy ◽  
Ernest Sturm
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cellular Reaction ◽  
Spontaneous Tumors ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Animal Host ◽  
Mouse Tumors ◽  
Transplantable Mouse ◽  
The Brain

In confirmation of Shirai's observation, we find that transplantable mouse tumors grow actively when inoculated into the brains of rats, guinea pigs, and pigeons, whereas subcutaneous or intramuscular grafts in the same animals fail. This growth of foreign tissue in the brain, however, takes place only when the grafted material lies entirely in the brain tissue; if it comes in contact with the ventricle a cellular reaction takes place with resultant destruction of the graft. The growth of foreign tissue in the brain may be completely inhibited by simultaneous inoculations of a small bit of autologous but not by a bit of homologous spleen tissue. Mice highly immune to subcutaneous transplants of mouse cancer show no resistance to such tumors when the inoculation is made into the brain. Although the brain is without obvious power of resistance to implants of transplantable heteroplastic mouse tumors, yet grafts of spontaneous tumors fail to grow there even, as a rule, when tumor implanted and animal host are of the same species.

Clinical evaluation of Nasya Karma and Vatagajankusha Rasa effect in the management of Pakshaghata

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep . ◽  
A. S. Prashanth ◽  
S. G. Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cerebral Blood Vessels ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Brain

Vata Vyadhi is considered one among the Ashta Maha Gada as told by Acharya’s. Out of all Nanatmaja Vata Vyadhis, the disease Pakshaghata is considered superior among the other Vataja disorders. In modern era, the Lakshana’s of Pakshaghata is closely resembles the disease Hemiplegia. In Hemiplegia, symptoms appears due to the Ischemia of Brain tissue which is an end result of improper blood supply to the brain either due to thrombus, embolism or may be due to rupture of any cerebral blood vessels. Acharya Bhela, has considered Pakshaghata as one among the Asthi Majjagata Roga’s. Acharya Sushruta also states that, the Mastulunga Majja is nothing but it is Majjadhara Kala. So, here an attempt has been made to evaluate the efficacy of Brimhana Nasya along with Shamanoushadi’s for the management of Pakashaghata.

scholarly journals Morphological Features Of Microvascular Tissue Of The Brain At Hemorrhagic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (10) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Kamalovamalika Ilkhomovna ◽  
◽  
Islamov Shavkat Eriyigitovich ◽  
Khaidarov Nodir Kadyrovich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Neuroimmune System ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Brain

Hemorrhagic stroke is less common than ischemic stroke and is heavier and in most cases has an adverse outcome in the form of death of a patient or permanent disability.Recently, there has been a tendency to increase the frequency of GI, which is increasingly found at a younger age. GI is based on a rupture of blood vessels, the development of hemorrhage and as a consequence - the formation of cerebral edema, ischemia of brain tissue, violation of the integrity of GBS, imbalance of the neuroimmune system, as well as violation of the function of other systems and organs.

The Nd:YAG laser in neurosurgery

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Wharen ◽  
Robert E. Anderson ◽  
Bernd Scheithauer ◽  
Thoralf M. Sundt
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
The Brain

✓ The biological response of normal cat brain to Nd:YAG laser light was studied both in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the potential safety of this laser for coagulation in brain tissue. Transmission studies revealed a blood:brain absorption ratio of 100:1 indicating the selective absorption of Nd:YAG light by hemoglobin and enabling Nd:YAG light to selectively heat blood vessels compared to brain tissue. In vivo temperature recordings and pathological evaluation demonstrated a remarkable ability of the brain to dissipate the thermal energy produced by Nd:YAG light with only a small amount of structural damage. Powers of 10 W applied for 8 seconds using a 1.2-mm focused probe resulted in a penetration depth in normal brain of only 2 mm. Thermal recordings also revealed that blood is heated to 90% of its maximum temperature within 3 seconds, while the brain temperature increases linearly as the duration of the laser pulse is increased. In addition, the localized heating of brain tissue was cooled rapidly within seconds following cessation of the laser pulse. These findings indicate that by using short, intermittent pulses of light focused upon blood vessels, damage to the surrounding tissue can be minimized, and the Nd:YAG laser can be used safely as an adjunctive measure for hemostasis in many neurosurgical procedures.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of macroscopic solute transport in the murine brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori A. Ray ◽  
Martin Pike ◽  
Matthew Simon ◽  
Jeffrey J. Iliff ◽  
Jeffrey J. Heys
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Solute Transport ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Interstitial Space ◽  
Perivascular Space ◽  
Transport Parameter ◽  
Dce Mri ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Understanding molecular transport in the brain is critical to care and prevention of neurological disease and injury. A key question is whether transport occurs primarily by diffusion, or also by convection or dispersion. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-MRI) experiments have long reported solute transport in the brain that appears to be faster than diffusion alone, but this transport rate has not been quantified to a physically relevant value that can be compared to known diffusive rates of tracers. Methods In this work, DCE-MRI experimental data is analyzed using subject-specific finite-element models to quantify transport in different anatomical regions across the whole mouse brain. The set of regional effective diffusivities ($$D_{eff}$$ D eff ), a transport parameter combining all mechanisms of transport, that best represent the experimental data are determined and compared to apparent diffusivity ($$D_{app}$$ D app ), the known rate of diffusion through brain tissue, to draw conclusions about dominant transport mechanisms in each region. Results In the perivascular regions of major arteries, $$D_{eff}$$ D eff for gadoteridol (550 Da) was over 10,000 times greater than $$D_{app}$$ D app . In the brain tissue, constituting interstitial space and the perivascular space of smaller blood vessels, $$D_{eff}$$ D eff was 10–25 times greater than $$D_{app}$$ D app . Conclusions The analysis concludes that convection is present throughout the brain. Convection is dominant in the perivascular space of major surface and branching arteries (Pe > 1000) and significant to large molecules (> 1 kDa) in the combined interstitial space and perivascular space of smaller vessels (not resolved by DCE-MRI). Importantly, this work supports perivascular convection along penetrating blood vessels.

scholarly journals Number and Distribution of Mast Cells in Reproductive Systems of Gravid and Non-Gravid Female Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila Glavaski ◽  
Pavle Banovic ◽  
Dusan Lalosevic
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Safranine O

Abstract Mast cells are mainly distributed in tissues exposed to the external environment, but they are also found in ovaries, oviducts and uterus. We determined the difference in the number and distribution of Alcian Blue (+) and Safranine O (+) mast cells in reproductive systems of gravid and non-gravid female mice by histological examination. We showed that the number of mast cells is significantly higher in the reproductive system of gravid mice than in the reproductive system of non-gravid mice. Mast cells are unevenly distributed in ovaries, oviducts and uterus in both gravid and non-gravid mice. A large number of mast cells reside close to blood vessels throughout the entire reproductive system.

Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Clozapine in Rat Brain Tissue, Using its Molecularly Imprinted Polymer after Administration of Toxic Dose of Drug and Lipid Emulsion Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Bahareh Sadat Yousefsani ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri ◽  
Mohammad Moshiri ◽  
Hossein Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rat Brain Tissue

Background:Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymers that have a selective site for a given analyte, or a group of structurally related compounds, that make them ideal polymers to be used in separation processes.Objective:An optimized molecularly imprinted polymer was selected and applied for selective extraction and analysis of clozapine in rat brain tissue.Methods:A molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) method was developed for preconcentration and cleanup of clozapine in rat brain samples before HPLC-UV analysis. The extraction and analytical process was calibrated in the range of 0.025-100 ppm. Clozapine recovery in this MISPE process was calculated between 99.40 and 102.96%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the assay were 0.003 and 0.025 ppm, respectively. Intra-day precision values for clozapine concentrations of 0.125 and 0.025 ppm were 5.30 and 3.55%, whereas inter-day precision values of these concentrations were 9.23 and 6.15%, respectively. In this study, the effect of lipid emulsion infusion in reducing the brain concentration of drug was also evaluated.Results:The data indicated that calibrated method was successfully applied for the analysis of clozapine in the real rat brain samples after administration of a toxic dose to animal. Finally, the efficacy of lipid emulsion therapy in reducing the brain tissue concentration of clozapine after toxic administration of drug was determined.Conclusion:The proposed MISPE method could be applied in the extraction and preconcentration before HPLC-UV analysis of clozapine in rat brain tissue.

scholarly journals Safety profile of the transcription factor EB (TFEB)-based gene therapy through intracranial injection in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Li ◽  
Guangqian Ding ◽  
Yudi Wang ◽  
Zelong Zheng ◽  
Jianping Lv
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Transcription Factor Eb ◽  
The Brain

AbstractTranscription factor EB (TFEB)-based gene therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy in treating neurodegenerative diseases by promoting autophagy/lysosome-mediated degradation and clearance of misfolded proteins that contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. However, recent findings have shown that TFEB has proinflammatory properties, raising the safety concerns about its clinical application. To investigate whether TFEB induces significant inflammatory responses in the brain, male C57BL/6 mice were injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) vectors overexpressing mouse TFEB (pAAV8-CMV-mTFEB), or AAV8 vectors expressing green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) in the barrel cortex. The brain tissue samples were collected at 2 months after injection. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining showed that mTFEB protein levels were significantly increased in the brain tissue samples of mice injected with mTFEB-overexpressing vectors compared with those injected with PBS or GFP-overexpressing vectors. pAAV8-CMV-mTFEB injection resulted in significant elevations in the mRNA and protein levels of lysosomal biogenesis indicators in the brain tissue samples. No significant changes were observed in the expressions of GFAP, Iba1, and proinflammation mediators in the pAAV8-CMV-mTFEB-injected brain compared with those in the control groups. Collectively, our results suggest that AAV8 successfully mediates mTFEB overexpression in the mouse brain without inducing apparent local inflammation, supporting the safety of TFEB-based gene therapy in treating neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Heterotopic ossification in lymph node metastasis after rectal cancer resection: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Nagano ◽  
Tamotsu Togawa ◽  
Takeshi Watanabe ◽  
Kenji Ohnishi ◽  
Toshihisa Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Metastatic Lesion ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of osseous tissue outside the skeleton. HO in malignant tumors of the digestive tract is extremely rare, as is ossification in metastatic lesions from HO-negative digestive tract tumors. Regarding the pathogenesis of HO, two theories have been proposed. The first is that the osteoblastic metaplasia of tumor cells (driven by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT) results in HO, and the second is that factors secreted by cancer cells lead to the metaplasia of stromal pluripotent cells into osteoblasts. However, the osteogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Case presentation An 83-year-old Japanese woman underwent low anterior rectal resection for rectal cancer before presentation at our institution, in June 2018. The final diagnosis was stage IIB rectal adenocarcinoma (T4aN0M0). Histological examination did not reveal HO in the primary tumor. Thirteen months after the operation, a solitary metastatic lesion in the brain 20 mm in size and a solitary metastatic lesion in a right axillary lymph node 20 mm in size were diagnosed. The patient was treated with gamma-knife therapy for the brain metastasis. One month later, she was referred to our institution. She underwent lymph node resection. Histological examination revealed that most portions of the affected lymph node were occupied by metastatic tumor cells and that central necrosis and four small ossified lesions without an osteoblast-like cell rim were present in the peripheral region. Immunohistochemical analysis showed tumor cells positive for BMP-2, osteonectin, osteocalcin, AE1/AE3, TGF-β1, Gli2, Smad2/3, and CDX2 and negative for nestin, CD56, and CK7. Conclusion This is the first English case report of HO in a metachronous metastatic lymph node after the curative resection of HO-negative rectal cancer. Unlike HO lesions in past reports, the HO lesion did not show peripheral osteoblast-like cells, and the immunohistochemical findings indicated that the present case resulted from the EMT.

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