scholarly journals Consequences of the experimental removal of Sabella spallanzanii (Gmelin, 1791) from the fouling assemblage of a Mediterranean harbour

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 476 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATALDO PIERRI ◽  
PAOLO COLANGELO ◽  
MICHELA DEL PASQUA ◽  
CATERINA LONGO ◽  
ADRIANA GIANGRANDE
Keyword(s):  
Empty Space ◽  
Fouling Communities ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Sessile Invertebrates ◽  
One Year ◽  
Fouling Assemblages ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Sampling Times ◽  
Relevant Component

Filter feeding invertebrates are a relevant component of fouling assemblages with a pivotal role in ecological processes, since they improve water quality, enhance habitat heterogeneity and transfer organic matter from the water column to the benthos. They modulate the availability of resources to other species, with effects on the density and behavior of the surrounding macrofauna. The fanworm Sabella spallanzanii, one of the largest and most abundant Mediterranean filter feeders, provides a shelter for predation and a secondary substrate for algae and settlement for sessile invertebrates. We tested its role in driving the structure of fouling assemblages, through a removal experiment.The experiment was one-year-long, with four sampling times. The effect of the removal on the fouling community was marginal in terms of species richness and evenness, while the biomass showed important differences, with a constant increase over time with higher values in the samples containing S. spallanzanii. At the end of observations, the biomass reached the value of 3917 g DW m-2 in controls and 2073 g DW m-2 in treatments. The empty space left by fanworms was not used by other species with similar biomasses. It is possible that the functioning of fouling communities may, in the event of loss of species, fluctuate in terms of biomass mobilization to different compartments, either towards the pelagic compartment or to the detritus chain. In systems with reduced water turnover, this by-pass can have important consequences in terms of stability and ecological balance.

Fish Bioacoustics and Behavior: Passive Acoustic Detection and the Application of a Closed-Circuit Rebreather for Field Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip S. Lobel
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Acoustic Detection ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Scientific Goal ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
And Behavior

The simple thesis of this paper is that using rebreathers to study fish behavioral ecology, especially bioacoustics, is well worth the expense and additional training required. The scientific goal of my bioacoustic research is to determine which fishes produce species-specific sound patterns exclusively with explicit acts of courtship and mating. This provides scientific insight into evolutionary and ecological processes and also provides data necessary to develop the passive acoustic detection technology for monitoring fish reproduction. When used on a daily basis, rebreathers, in my experience, are economical and as practical as open circuit scuba. This is based both on the costs of diving as well as the efficiency of gathering useful data. The use of open circuit SCUBA while conducting acoustic recordings results in a loss of at least 40% of the data due to the bubble noise from a divers breathing. Rebreathers also provide extended bottom time, especially in shallow water, which enhances a diver's ability to observe fish and gather acoustic-behavioral data.

Global and temporal state of the human gut microbiome in health and disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shoaie ◽  
Sunjae Lee ◽  
Mathieu Almeida ◽  
Gholamreza Bidkhori ◽  
Nicolas Pons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Integrative Analysis ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Clinical Phenotyping ◽  
Sampling Times

Abstract The role of gut microbiota in humans is of great interest, and metagenomics provided the possibilities for extensively analysing bacterial diversity in health and disease. Here we explored the human gut microbiome samples across 19 countries, performing compositional, functional and integrative analysis. To complement these data and analyse the stability of the microbiome, we followed 86 healthy Swedish individuals over one year, with four sampling times and extensive clinical phenotyping. The integrative analysis of temporal microbiome changes shows the existence of two types of species with a tendency to vary in abundance with time, here called outflow and inflow species. Importantly, the former tends to be enriched in disease, while the latter is enriched in health. We suggest that the decrease of disease-associated outflow and the increase of health-associated inflow species with time may be a fundamental albeit previously unrecognized aspect of the homeostasis maintenance in a healthy microbiome.

The behavior of estrogenic substances in the biological treatment process of sewage

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Onda ◽  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
C. Takatoh ◽  
A. Miya ◽  
Y. Katsu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
One Year ◽  
Batch Treatment ◽  
And Behavior

A study was conducted for about one year on the fate and behavior of estrogens, namely 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and estriol (E3) in an activated sludge process of a pilot scale plant supplied with domestic sewage. A simultaneous analytical method for these three substances using LC-MS/MS was developed and applied to sewage samples. The average removal of E2 was 94.7%, while that of E3 was 96.9%. In contrast, the average removal of E1 was relatively low at 69.2% with a maximum concentration of 55.4 ng/L detected in the treated water. The theoretical values of estrogenic activity calculated from the concentrations of each natural estrogen in treated water were found to correlate with the values of estrogenic activity measured by a yeast estrogen screening assay. The effect of E2 on estrogenic activity in influent was found to be high, while that of E1 in treated water was considerably higher. In batch treatment tests on E2, E2 turned into E1 immediately after being charged. After three hours of aeration, the values of both E1 and E2 were around threshold limits. It was determined from this that E1 and E2 were substances that could be degraded by biological treatment. As the removal of E2 was found to be sufficiently high at times, optimization of operational conditions based on E1 removal should be important for reducing estrogenic activity in treated water.

Calcium Mass Balance and Behavior of Intact Immunoreactive Parathyroid Hormone in Acetate-Free Biofiltration: Acute and One-Year Evaluation

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. de Vincenzi ◽  
R. Bellazzi ◽  
M. Santagostino ◽  
D. Romanini ◽  
M. Nai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Immunoreactive Parathyroid Hormone

Behavioral Journalism for HIV Prevention: Community Newsletters Influence Risk-Related Attitudes and Behavior

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred McAlister ◽  
Wayne Johnson ◽  
Carolyn Guenther-Grey ◽  
Martin Fishbein ◽  
Donna Higgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Risk Reduction Behavior ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Reduction Behavior ◽  
Prevention Messages ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cognitive Determinants ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Research teams in five cities used behavioral journalism to promote condom use and injection hygiene (use of bleach to clean shared injection equipment) among subpopulations at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. For three years, HIV-prevention campaigns were conducted in which newsletters containing stories about peer models were distributed in selected communities. We report exposure to the campaigns across time, the cognitive and behavioral effects of increasing degrees of exposure, and the degree to which other sources of HIV information reached these communities. After one year, campaigns reached approximately 40 percent to 80 percent of the intended audiences. The reported number of campaign exposures was associated with theoretical cognitive determinants of behavior change and with risk-reduction behavior in communities that were not being effectively reached by other HIV prevention messages.

Personality and Behavioral Correlates of Cigarette Smoking: One-Year Follow-up

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Reynolds ◽  
Robert Nichols
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Psychological Inventory

The smoking behavior of 885 students in high school and 1 yr. later in college was correlated with scores on scales and factor scales of the California Psychological Inventory and of the Objective Behavior Inventory. The data were analyzed separately by sex, and groups of students who started and who quit smoking during the period of study were compared with those who continued either to smoke or to abstain. Smokers were less well-adjusted and more likely to engage in antisocial activities. These relationships were stronger among women than among men, and those who showed behavioral ambivalence toward smoking, i.e., started or quit, were intermediate between' smokers and nonsmokers with respect to personality and behavior. The results are interpreted as suggesting a direct relationship between personality and cigarette smoking.

Geophysical Variables and Behavior: LIV. Zeitoun (Egypt) Apparitions of the Virgin Mary as Tectonic Strain-Induced Luminosities

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Derr ◽  
Michael A. Persinger
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Regional Seismicity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Behavior

Temporal analyses were completed between the occurrence of intense displays of exotic luminous phenomena over a church in Zeitoun (Egypt) during the years 1968 through 1969 and regional seismicity. These phenomena, viewed by thousands of onlookers, began one year before an unprecedented increase (factor of 10) in seismic activity about 400 km to the southeast. Monthly analyses also demonstrated a moderate (0.56) correlation between increases in seismicity and the occurrence of luminous phenomena during the same or previous month. These results were interpreted as further support for the hypothesis that most anomalous (terrain-related) luminous phenomena are generated by factors associated with tectonic strain.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of oral health education on eight to ten-year-old school children in rural areas of Magway Region, Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu Kyu Swe ◽  
Aung Kyaw Soe ◽  
Saw Htun Aung ◽  
Htin Zaw Soe
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Health Education ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Background: Oral diseases are common and widespread around the world. The most common oral diseases are preventable and early onset is reversible. Myanmar faces many challenges in rendering oral health services because about 70 percent of the total population resides in rural areas. These relate to the availability and accessibility of oral health services. Therefore, oral health education is one key element to prevent oral diseases and to promote oral health.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out at Basic Education Middle Schools in rural areas of Magway Township to study the effectiveness of oral health education on knowledge and behavior of eight to ten-year-old school children. A total of 220 school children, 110 from the intervention school, and 110 from the control school participated in this study from 2015 to 2017. Data were collected before and after intervention in the two groups by using a self-administered questionnaire. Tooth brushing method data were collected by direct observation with a checklist. Oral health education was provided at eight weekly intervals for one year. At one and a half years, third-time data collection was done on the intervention group to assess retention. Chi-square test, two samples t-test, one way repeated measure ANOVA were used for data analysis. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Public Health,Yangon, Myanmar.Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in oral health knowledge (p<0.05) except one and also in behavior (p<0.001) after the intervention. A positive effect of the intervention was found in the intervention group. The intervention had a significant effect on the sustainability of the correct knowledge and behavior of the intervention group although the education session was stopped for six months (p<0.001). Their mean knowledge and behavioral scores at three different points got at these times were (2.45±1.12 and1.56±0.90) at baseline, (3.79±1.12 and 3.60±1.21) at one year after education, and (4.07±0.98 and 3.24±1.31) at six months after cessation of education, respectively. Conclusions: The repeated oral health education was effective to promote and sustain oral health knowledge and behavior.

scholarly journals Nursing students' experiences as dementia partners in volunteer activities: An inductive content analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-156
Author(s):  
Dooree Kim ◽  
Yunhee Park
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Practical Nursing ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Geriatric Nursing ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Behavior

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of nursing students who volunteered as dementia partners for elderly persons with dementia.Methods: This qualitative study utilized focus group interviews to investigate the experiences of 20 nursing students who performed dementia partner activities for more than one year. Data were analysed using an inductive content analysis approach based on Elo & Kyngäs.Results: The analysis yielded the following four major themes: “becoming a dementia expert,” “becoming an evangelist for prevention of dementia,” “overcoming prejudices against aged with dementia,” and “acquiring motivation and skills of geriatric nursing” That means the experience as a dementia partner serves as an opportunity to broaden human understanding and shows its potential as a means to complement the effectiveness of practical nursing education.Conclusion: Dementia partner experiences have changed the perception, attitude and behavior of nursing students about the aged with dementia, so there is a need to extend this kind of experience to other students in nursing. Moreover, educational policy support should be continuously provided for this purpose.

scholarly journals Tanaididae (Crustacea, Tanaidacea, Tanaidomorpha, Tanaidoidea) on a Floating Dock, West Beach, Adelaide, South Australia: Introduced or Indigenous?

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4996 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-125
Author(s):  
VALERIE K. TAIT ◽  
KATHLEEN E. CONLAN ◽  
SABINE DITTMANN
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Sequence Matching ◽  
Fouling Communities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Non Indigenous Species

Floating artificial structures provide sites for fouling communities and favourable habitat for the establishment of non-indigenous species. Two species of Tanaididae dominated crustacean biota in a one year time-series sampling of macroalgae on the floating dock at the West Beach boat ramp, Adelaide, South Australia. This paper provides identifications for these two species and discusses inter- and intra-species variability considering the available body of morphological and molecular information. We have given one species a new species designation, Tanais adelaidensis n. sp. The other has a 655 nucleotide CO1 sequence matching that of Hexapleomera sasuke Tanabe & Kakui, 2019 collected in Japan, also matching a shorter CO1 sequence for a described Zeuxo Templeton, 1840 species from the Eastern Mediterranean. This work underlines the utility and need for detailed morphological and molecular data to resolve the taxonomy and biogeography of fouling and holdfast community tanaids, particularly those that have the demonstrated potential for a history of transport between geographically distant sites.  

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