scholarly journals Μεταμορφώσεις της εντροπίας στη σύγχρονη τέχνη

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ευαγγελία Γρυντάκη
Keyword(s):  
Isabelle Stengers ◽  
Warren Weaver

Η πρώτη και πιο κοινή προσέγγιση ερμηνείας του όρου εντροπία θα ήταν ως η αυθόρμητη τάση της φύσης να κινείται σε όλο και πιο άτακτες δομές. Δεν είναι όμως μόνο αυτό. Η εντροπία και ο 2ος Θερμοδυναμικός Νόμος, ο οποίος την πλαισιώνει στην επιστήμη της Φυσικής, εκτός από την αταξία σχετίζονται επίσης με τον βαθμιαίο και αναπόφευκτο εκφυλισμό της συνολικής κοσμικής ενέργειας -κάτι που συνεπάγεται τον επονομαζόμενο θερμικό θάνατο του σύμπαντος-, με τον μονοδιάστατο χρόνο αλλά και με την πληροφορία. Στην παρούσα μελέτη επιχειρήθηκε η ανάδειξη της επίδρασης που είχε στην δυτική τέχνη η γνωριμία με τις κοσμολογικές επιπτώσεις του 2ου Θερμοδυναμικού Νόμου μέσα από την έρευνα καλλιτεχνών των οποίων η δουλειά ερμηνεύει, αναδεικνύει, εφαρμόζει μεταφορικά ή μεταφράζει τις βασικές εκφάνσεις της εντροπίας, είτε έχοντας εμπνευστεί άμεσα από αυτήν, είτε δια μέσου συγγενειών με συστήματα σκέψης και καλλιτεχνικής δημιουργίας, που προσομοιάζουν ή διερευνούν το θερμοδυναμικό μοντέλο. Με κύριο μεθοδολογικό άξονα τη θεωρία των Ilia Prigogine και Isabelle Stengers πάνω σε θερμοδυναμικά συστήματα που βρίσκονται σε συνθήκες μακράν της ισορροπίας και τη Μαθηματική θεωρία της επικοινωνίας των Claude Shannon και Warren Weaver, και βάση των χαρακτηριστικών της εντροπίας που προκύπτουν από αυτές, πραγματοποιείται η διερεύνησή της στα πολιτισμικά τοπία των τελευταίων 60 χρόνων, όταν άρχισε δηλαδή να διαμορφώνεται και, στη συνέχεια, αναδύθηκε αυτό που ονομάζουμε σήμερα μεταμοντερνισμό. Μέσα από την παρουσίαση 17 ενδεικτικών καλλιτεχνών που καλύπτουν τη χρονική αυτή περίοδο, διαμορφώνεται μια πρώτη συστηματική καταγραφή καλλιτεχνικών πρακτικών και θεωρητικών προσεγγίσεων της εντροπίας, ενώ ταυτόχρονα προτείνεται ένα νέο πρίσμα ανάγνωσης του φαινομένου στην τέχνη. Αφενός, ως φαινομένου δυναμικού και δημιουργικού, όπως προκύπτει από τα ερμηνευτικά πλαίσια των Prigogine-Stengers και Shannon-Weaver και αφετέρου ως ένα φαινόμενο, η ανάδυση και εξέλιξη του οποίου υπήρξαν άρρηκτα συνδεδεμένες με τη μεταμοντέρνα σκέψη.

scholarly journals Reativar a feitiçaria e outras receitas de resistência – pensando com Isabelle Stengers

2018 ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Renato Sztutman
Keyword(s):  
Isabelle Stengers

Este ensaio busca explorar os sentidos de reclaim – cuja tradução oscilará entre “reativação” e “retomada” – do modo como figura em textos de envergadura mais política da filósofa da ciência Isabelle Stengers. Num diálogo constante com a escritora e ativista neopagã Starhawk, Stengers discute as possibilidades de reativar ou retomar certas práticas marginalizadas e desqualificadas pelo mundo moderno-capitalista – como a magia e a feitiçaria – vendo aí modalidades de resistência política e possibilidades de recuperação de um “comum”. O foco será lançado em dois livros de Stengers – La sorcellerie capitaliste (com Philippe Pignarre) e Au temps des catastrophes – nos quais são tematizadas receitas de resistência, que exigem práticas de “desenfeitiçamento”, bem como um alinhamento com Gaia.

scholarly journals Educação Ambiental: a emergência de um campo científico

Perspectiva ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Reigota
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Paulo Freire ◽  
Isabelle Stengers

No presente artigo, são apresentadas algumas questões, acontecimentos e autores quecontribuíram para a Educação Ambiental se constituir como campo (na definição deBourdieu) no espaço científico brasileiro e internacional. Num segundo momento, aEducação Ambiental é analisada como campo emergente, que se encontra defrontadacom a concepção hegemônica neoliberal, competitiva e produtivista de ciência e,portanto, antagônica ao ideário ecologista que originou e identifica as “educaçõesambientais” (Rodrigo Barchi). Entre os autores que colaboram com a argumentação doautor, encontram-se Álvaro Vieira Pinto, Paulo Freire, Jean Ladrière, Isabelle Stengers,Pierre Bourdieu e Michel Foucault. A diversidade epistemológica entre esses autoresse justifica, pois o autor do artigo procurar explicitar um itinerário pessoal de leiturasao longo de sua trajetória que coincide com o momento histórico da emergência daEducação Ambiental como campo.

scholarly journals Realities to be-come: on Cosmopolitics

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schillmeier
Keyword(s):  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
The Other ◽  
Felix Guattari ◽  
Possible World ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Isabelle Stengers ◽  
Key Terms

To assume that all things we want to describe – humans and non-humans alike – can be done so properly only in terms of 'societies', requires a contrast – a momentum of cosmopolitics – to the very abstract distinctions upon which our classical understanding of sociology and its key terms rests: 'The social' as defined in opposition to 'the non-social', 'society' in opposition to 'nature'. The concept of cosmopolitics tries to avoid such modernist strategy that A. N. Whitehead called 'bifurcation of nature' (cf. Whitehead 1978, 2000). The inventive production of contrasts names a cosmopolitical tool which does not attempt to denounce, debunk, replace or overcome abstract, exclusivist oppositions that suggest divisions as 'either…or'-relations. Rather, as the Belgian philosopher of science Isabelle Stengers stresses, 'the contrast will have to be celebrated in the manner of a new existent, adding a new dimension to the cosmos' (Stengers 2011: 513). Cosmopolitics, then, engages with 'habits we experiment with in order to become capable of new experiences' (Stengers 2001: 241) and opens up the possibility of agency of the non-expected Other, the non-normal, the non-human, the non-social, the un-common. 'The Other is the existence of a possible world', as Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari (1994: 17-18) have put it. It is 'the condition for our passing from one world to another. The Other (...) makes the world go by.'

scholarly journals DOSSIÊ SOCIALIDADES INTERESPECÍFICAS: OS OUTROS SÓCIOS DO HUMANO

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 04
Author(s):  
Beto Vianna ◽  
Ugo Maia
Keyword(s):  
Isabelle Stengers

Em 2009, o ex-Beatle Paul McCartney lançou a campanha Meat-free monday (segunda-feira sem carne), incentivando seus coespecíficos a serem vegetarianos uma vez por semana. Além da preocupação com a saúde planetária – uma “cosmopolítica”, se podemos adaptar o termo de Isabelle Stengers (2010) para o showbiz –, a campanha é justificada como um passo rumo à diminuição do sofrimento animal. Em recente entrevista (BRADY, 2017), pergunta-se a Paul por que recomendar apenas um dia para a restrição alimentar, e não eight days a week, se a questão é, de fato, grave. Vegetariano em tempo integral, ele responde que não quer obrigar ninguém a adotar suas próprias convicções. “Temos que ser gentis com as pessoas”, diz Paul...

scholarly journals APROXIMAÇÃO ENTRE REALIDADE E “FICÇÃO MATEMÁTICA” DE ISABELLE STENGERS, COM O USO DO GEOGEBRA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-301
Author(s):  
Nilton Carlos Costa ◽  
Railce da Silva De Azevedo ◽  
Alcides Castro Amorim Neto
Keyword(s):  
Isabelle Stengers

O artigo tem como temática a aproximação entre realidade e “ficção matemática” de Isabelle Stengers, com o uso do GeoGebra. A pesquisa justifica-se pela importância da discussão acerca dos dilemas e percalços oriundos ao ensino de matemática, levando em consideração a teoria do conhecimento defendida por Isabelle Stengers (1949). Para tanto, utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfica a partir das ideias de autores como Brasil (1998), D’Ambrosio (1986), Ausubel (1983), dentre outros. O objetivo geral dá-se em determinar de que forma softwares como o GeoGebra pode ser uma ferramenta de aproximação entre a realidade e a “ficção” no Ensino da Matemática. A proposta investigativa será apresentada em três seções, sendo a primeira referente a alguns conceitos vinculados à teoria de Isabelle Stengers, posteriormente abre-se espaço para uma breve discussão sobre algumas contribuições da autora para o ensino de ciências, levando em consideração o conceito de ficção matemática e em seguida a aproximação da ficção matemática com a realidade usando o GeoGebra. Em suma, percebe-se que as contribuições da teoria de Isabelle Stengers ainda permanecem válidas e muito presentes no contexto do ensino atual.

Review: Isabelle Stengers, In Catastrophic Times: Resisting the Coming Barbarism

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Nicholas Beuret
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
General State ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Status ◽  
Isabelle Stengers ◽  
Ecological Catastrophe

In Catastrophic Times: Resisting the Coming Barbarism (2015) offers a welcome intervention into the current state of global political impasse and ecological catastrophe. Less a cautionary tale or a series of political injunctions, In Catastrophic Times sets out a clear account of how the ‘cold panic’ induced by looming ecological crises such as climate change is actively produced by the managers of the status quo – those Stengers calls ‘Guardians’. Stengers claims it is the convergence of governance without legitimacy with enclosed knowledges and the cult of expertise that has produced a general state of panicked political impotence. Against this mode of governance, Stengers offers a series of tactical experiments, from paying attention as intervention to acts of scientific commoning, articulated through what she calls the GMO event, that seek to seize environmental issues and sociotechnical problems as political questions in order to resist the devolution of modernity into a global social apartheid state.

Are Spin Glasses Complex Systems?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Stein ◽  
Charles M. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Spin Glass ◽  
Spin Glasses ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Glass Science ◽  
Warren Weaver

This chapter considers how spin glass science fits into the larger area of complexity studies. It discusses three landmark papers in the field of complexity, by Warren Weaver, Herb Simon, and Phil Anderson, respectively, and examines how the ideas they introduced might relate to the current understanding of spin glasses. It also takes a brief look at recent developments, in particular various proposals for measures of complexity, and considers how they might illuminate some features of spin glasses. It concludes by asking whether spin glasses can still be thought of as “complex systems,” and in so doing introduces a proposal for a kind of “new complexity” as it relates to spin glasses.

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