scholarly journals Safety assessment and remedial measures design for an extensive rockfall along the main road to Kimi, East Euboea, Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
C. Loupasakis ◽  
G. Lalos ◽  
D. Rozos
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Maximum Volume ◽  
Main Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Of Greece

The steep morphology and the intense tectonic fragmentation of the mountainous areas of Greece combined with the dense road network create conditions favorable for the manifestation of rockfalls. Numerous events are recorded through the years, some of them causing injuries or even worse loss of lifes. The rockfall that took place along the Kimi – Platana – Paralia provincial road on August 2008, was studied in detail and is presented in the current paper. The rock detachment area was defined 200m away and at an altitude of 140m (130m higher from the road), while the rock pieces detached had a maximum volume of 4m3. The final consequences were two crashed cars and a heavily injured civilian. The causual factors as well as the proposed remedial measures, estimated by the use of RocFall by Rockscience Ltd., are described in detail. Furthermore, the temporary remedial measures applied by contractors are evaluated, pointing their defects.

scholarly journals Forest road erosion

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dobiáš
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Tangential Stresses ◽  
Precipitation Water ◽  
Forest Lands

The forest road network influences surface runoff of uninfiltrated precipitation water on forest lands, mainly in hilly and mountainous areas. This water flows onto the road crown in unpaved forest roads that do not have any ditches. Dragging of extracted logs causes mechanical damage to the crown of unpaved forest road, and tracks after tractor wheels and furrows after dragged logs originate. Flowing water is accumulated in these depressions and the water stream causes erosion. The method for evaluation of conditions for the origination and degree of this erosion damage consists in the calculation of tangential stresses near the bottom at various depths of water and various gradients of road. Limit gradients of road for the origination of greater or smaller damage by erosion for the subsoil grain of various sizes are determined by a comparison of calculated tangential stresses with critical tangential stresses. Rates of discharge were calculated for the particular models of damage.

scholarly journals Investigating Accidents on the Main Road Network in The North-West Region of Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Rodica Dorina Cadar ◽  
Rozalia Melania Boitor ◽  
Mara Dumitrescu ◽  
Petru Daniel Măran
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Main Road ◽  
North West ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
West Region ◽  
The Eu

The paper investigates the accidents and fatalities on the main road network in the North-West Region of Romania over a period of 4 years (2015– 2018). The aim of the paper is to highlight some shortcomings and suggest possible improvements of the road network in order to reduce the number of accidents and fatalities. Detailed analyses, including statistical and spatial statistical analyses, were conducted on the accidents involving goods and public transport vehicles considering the scale of their impact. As a result, black corridors and vulnerable municipalities were identified. They were found to be related to the reduced main road density and high levels of freight traffic transit. In conclusion, with one of the lowest motorization rates in the EU and given the important efforts already made by the police, improving road network in Romania becomes the key for reducing accident and fatality rates in the region. In this regard, it is suggested that motorways and ring roads are needed in order to bypass the vulnerable municipalities. The results of this research may enable planners and administrations to act strategically to improve road safety in the critical areas, to prioritize actions for road network development and to formulate better strategies to ensure road safety.

scholarly journals GIS and geographical analysis of the main harbors in the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 639-650
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Valjarević ◽  
Dragan Radovanović ◽  
Svetislav Šoškić ◽  
Nikola Bačević ◽  
Nikola Milentijević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Main Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Marine Traffic ◽  
The World ◽  
Geographical Position

Abstract This paper points out the possibilities of better exploitation of marine traffic as well as its connection with other kinds of traffic. Special attention is given to the analysis of 1,081 harbors about their availability during the year. The methods and algorithms used in GIS are buffers, cluster, method of interpolations, and network analysis. The methods used for the purpose of conducting numerical analyses are algorithms that served for the analysis of the network, its transport features, and the connectivity with harbors in terms of geospace. The main results found in this research showed that harbors have good connectivity in the first place with road traffic and after that with air and railroad traffic. According to data from 2019, all traffic lines cover 4.1 × 1015 km, and the road traffic has the most significant potential in connection with the harbors. The most connected harbors and airports are in the east coast of North America, west coast, north Europe, southern Europe, south-east Australia, a central part of Oceania, and south-east Africa. The results in the modified Likert scale between airports and harbors showed medium results. The densest road network is located in the eastern part of USA, western and central part of Europe, and east coast of China. The number of possible connected lines between main road nodes and harbors is 0.8 × 109. This type of traffic showed excellent results and connection with harbors. The number of possible connected lines per month between railroads and harbors is 1.3 × 103. This type of traffic showed low connectivity with the harbors. In the end comparison of harbors with air, road and railroad networks were established. The geographical position of harbors was analyzed, and better understanding was performed on a global scale.

scholarly journals Various Types of Road Defects in Flexible Pavement and Maintenance

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Shakti Singh ◽  
Devander Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
The Road ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Funds Allocation ◽  
Causes Of Failure

Various defects in versatile pavements are proverbial since the existence of versatile pavement. Pavement structure is additionally destroyed in an exceedingly terribly single season with water penetration .Defects in versatile pavements may well be a cringe of multiple dimensions, fantastic growth of machine traffic (in terms of no. of shaft loading of economic vehicles), the fast enlargement within the road network, non-availability of acceptable technology, material, equipment, labor and poor funds allocation have all else complexities to the matter versatile pavements. Maintenance is ready of activities directed towards keeping a structure in an exceedingly terribly serviceable state throughout its vogue life, Maintenance of a road network involves a spread of operations, i.e., identification of deficiencies and developing with, programming and programming for actual implementation within the sphere and looking out . The essential objective need to be to stay the amount and appurtenances in condition and to increase the lifetime of the road assets to its vogue life. Broadly, the activities embody identification of defects and to boot the potential cause there off, determination of acceptable remedial measures; implement these within the sphere and looking out at of the results. Pavement failure is written in terms of decreasing utility caused by the event of cracks and ruts. Before going into the upkeep ways in which, we tend to have to be compelled to check abreast of the causes of failure of pavements. Failures of pavements are caused to several reasons or combination of reasons. This paper summarizes the continued researches concerning the defects in versatile pavement and to boot the maintenance in versatile pavements. A well-developed transportation infrastructure is crucial for economic, industrial, social and cultural development of a rustic. Maintenance is ready of activities directed towards keeping a structure in an exceedingly terribly serviceable state throughout its vogue life, Maintenance of a road network involves a spread of operations, i.e., identification of deficiencies and developing with, programming and programming for actual implementation within the sphere and looking out . The essential objective need to be to stay the amount and appurtenances in condition and to increase the lifetime of the road assets to its vogue life. This paper discusses the potential causes of pavement failures, and recommend better ways in which throughout to attenuate and hopefully eliminate the causes of failures in pavements.

scholarly journals Graph Model for Minimal Distance and Optimal Circulation in Urban Design

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Pingkan S Pioh
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Graph Model ◽  
Minimal Distance ◽  
Traffic Network ◽  
Main Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Good Access ◽  
A Current

GRAPH MODEL FOR MINIMAL DISTANCE AND OPTIMAL CIRCULATION IN URBAN DESIGNABSTRACT Among the important aspects in urban design are minimal distance and optimal circulation of the traffic network which include good access to the places of interests. The main road network is modeled in graph where the important places are represented by vertices and the main roads between them are represented in edges. A graph is called 3-connected if for every pair of vertices, there are three disjoint paths connecting them. Given the vertices and their locations, this paper focuses to make a 3-connected graph with minimal distance connecting them. This model is simulated in a computer program and applied in a current road network of Manado City, North Sulawesi Indonesia to see whether of not the road network in Manado is already optimal or not. Keywords: graph, n-connected, minimal distance, urban design.  MODEL GRAF UNTUK JARAK MINIMALDAN SIRKULASI OPTIMAL PADA PERANCANGAN KOTA ABSTRAK Diantara aspek penting dalam perancangan kota adalah jarak yang minimal dan sirkulasi yang baik dari lalu lintas termasuk aksesibilitas dari tempat-tempat penting. Perancangan ini dimodelkan dalam bentuk graf yang simpul-simpul mewakili tempat-tempat penting sedangkan sisi-sisi menyajikan jalan-jalan yang menghubungkan tempat-tempat tersebut. Sebuah graf dikatakan terkoneksi-3 jika untuk setiap pasangan simpul, terdapat 3 jalur saling lepas yang menghubungkan kedua simpul itu. Fokus dari paper ini adalah, jika diberikan simpul-simpul bersama lokasinya, membuat graph yang terkoneksi-3 dengan jarak minimal. Model ini diimplementasikan dalam bentuk program komputer dan diterapkan pada jaringan jalan yang ada di Manado, Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia, sekarang untuk menentukan apakah jaringan jalan di Manado sudah optimal atau belum. Kata kunci: Graf, terkoneksi-3, jarak minimal, perancangan kota

Bottleneck prediction of urban road network based on improved PSO algorithms and fuzzy control

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 5833-5843
Author(s):  
Xue Xing
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Control ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Coordination Control ◽  
Urban Road Network ◽  
Main Road ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Improved Pso

Traffic bottleneck refers to the road section or node that often causes the propagation or spread of traffic congestion in the road network, which is the source of the whole road network congestion. In this paper, the author analyzes the bottleneck prediction of urban road network based on improved PSO algorithms and fuzzy control. This paper analyzes the factors and characteristics of the main road of the system, proposes the traffic coordination control of the main road based on the delay model, and carries on the statistical simulation to the actual traffic data, develops the basic theory of the traffic coordination control which is more effective than the traditional timing control strategy. Compared with the traditional model, the algorithm considers the waiting time of the red light at the intersection. For the congested road section, it can better calculate the travel time of the vehicle, making the results more accurate and more applicable. The results of this study can provide a strong theoretical basis and prediction scheme for the traffic management and control of the road network in the target area.

scholarly journals Application of additives-accelerators of cement concrete hardening in the construction of roads in Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Said M. Eshansada ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Concrete Hardening

The development and improvement of the road network is a strategic task of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. To develop the sparsely populated territories of the country, it is necessary to build and repair thousands of kilometers of highways, a significant part of which is located in the piedmont and mountainous areas. Considering the fact that the Republic of Afghanistan is characterized by a dry and hot climate, as well as a variety of soil and hydrological conditions, one of the main road building materials for solving this problem is road cement concrete, which has recently become the subject of intensive research. This article presents the results of researching the effect of the Adinol Rapid 2H additive (which is a hardening accelerator additive) on the technological properties of the concrete mixture and the strength of cement concrete.

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