scholarly journals The Research Progress of Depressed Individual Cognitive Biases—Based on the Perspective of Self-Reference Processing

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
建 王
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Depressed Individual ◽  
Reference Processing ◽  
Self Reference

Poster #M38 NEURAL CORRELATES OF SELF-REFERENCE PROCESSING AND ABERRANT SALIENCE ATTRIBUTION – IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHOSIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. S202-S203
Author(s):  
Anne Pankow ◽  
Teresa Katthagen ◽  
Sarah Diner ◽  
Henrik Walter ◽  
Andreas Heinz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Aberrant Salience ◽  
Reference Processing ◽  
Self Reference

scholarly journals The self-reference processing of cognitive vulnerability of depression individuals: Evidence from ERPs

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (20) ◽  
pp. 2026-2035
Author(s):  
Haonan Yin ◽  
Shuanghong Wang ◽  
Yiping Zhong ◽  
Ronghua Cai ◽  
Wei Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
The Self ◽  
Reference Processing ◽  
Self Reference

scholarly journals Self-reference Network-Related Interactions During the Process of Cognitive Impairment in the Early Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Hsuan Wei ◽  
Haifeng Chen ◽  
Qing Ye ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Yun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Reference Processing ◽  
Self Reference

Background: Normal establishment of cognition occurs after forming a sensation to stimuli from internal or external cues, in which self-reference processing may be partially involved. However, self-reference processing has been less studied in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) field within the self-reference network (SRN) and has instead been investigated within the default-mode network (DMN). Differences between these networks have been proven in the last decade, while ultra-early diagnoses have increased. Therefore, investigation of the altered pattern of SRN is significantly important, especially in the early stages of AD.Methods: A total of 65 individuals, including 43 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 22 cognitively normal individuals, participated in this study. The SRN, dorsal attention network (DAN), and salience network (SN) were constructed with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and voxel-based analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to explore significant regions of network interactions. Finally, the correlation between the network interactions and clinical characteristics was analyzed.Results: We discovered four interactions among the three networks, with the SRN showing different distributions in the left and right hemispheres from the DAN and SN and modulated interactions between them. Group differences in the interactions that were impaired in MCI patients indicated that the degree of damage was most severe in the SRN, least severe in the SN, and intermediate in the DAN. The two SRN-related interactions showed positive effects on the executive and memory performances of MCI patients with no overlap with the clinical assessments performed in this study.Conclusion: This study is the first and primary evidence of SRN interactions related to MCI patients’ functional performance. The influence of the SRN in the ultra-early stages of AD is nonnegligible. There are still many unknowns regarding the contribution of the SRN in AD progression, and we strongly recommend future research in this area.

Levels of Processing and the Retention of Word Meanings

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy A. Flannagan ◽  
Kenneth A. Blick
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Distractor Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Long Term Retention ◽  
Reference Processing ◽  
Self Reference

The effect of three encoding techniques, rote, semantic, and self-reference, on short-term and long-term retention levels of the meanings of unfamiliar vocabulary words was examined. 72 college students participated in the experiment, with 24 students in each encoding group Ail participants viewed 20 target words and their definitions for 30 sec. Rote subjects were instructed to write just the word and its definition, semantic subjects were told to use the word in a sentence, and self-reference subjects wrote how the word might or might not describe themselves. After a 5-min. distractor task, subjects were tested on the recall of the definitions of those words. A retest was administered after 1 wk. As hypothesized, self-reference processing produced significantly higher retention than semantic processing, and semantic processing produced higher retention than rote processing. Encoding by self-reference was the most successful strategy for processing the meanings of unfamiliar nouns and adjectives.

scholarly journals Good Scientific Practice in MEEG Research: Progress and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiomar Niso ◽  
Laurens R Krol ◽  
Etienne Combrisson ◽  
A.-Sophie Dubarry ◽  
Madison A Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Good Scientific Practice ◽  
New Findings ◽  
International Projects

Good Scientific Practice (GSP) refers to both explicit and implicit rules or guidelines that help scientists to produce work that is of the highest quality at any given time, and to efficiently share that work with the community for further scrutiny or utilization. For experimental research using magneto- and electroencephalography (MEEG), GSP includes specific standards and guidelines for technical competence, which are periodically updated whenever new findings come to light. However, GSP also needs to be periodically revisited in a broader light. At the LiveMEEG 2020 conference, a reflection on GSP was fostered that included explicitly documented guidelines and technical advances, but also emphasised intangible GSP: a general awareness of personal, organisational, and societal realities and how they can influence MEEG research. This article provides an extensive report on most of the LiveMEEG contributions and new literature, with the additional aim to synthesize ongoing cultural changes in GSP. It first covers GSP with respect to cognitive biases and logical fallacies, pre-registration as a tool to avoid those and other early pitfalls, and a number of resources to enable collaborative and reproducible research as a general approach to minimize misconceptions. Second, GSP with respect to data acquisition, analysis, reporting, and sharing is discussed, including new tools and frameworks to support collaborative work. Finally, GSP is considered in light of ethical implications of MEEG research and the resulting responsibility that scientists have to engage with societal challenges. Considering among other things the benefits of peer review and open access at all stages, the need to coordinate larger international projects, the complexity of MEEG subject matter, and today's prioritization of fairness, privacy, and the environment, we find that current GSP tends to favour collective and cooperative work, for both scientific and for societal reasons.

Multidimensional Anxiety and Content-specificity Effects in Preferential Processing of Threat

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel G. Calvo ◽  
P. Avero ◽  
M. Dolores Castillo ◽  
Juan J. Miguel-Tobal
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Memory Bias ◽  
Ego Threat ◽  
Phobic Anxiety ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Content Specificity ◽  
Specificity Effects

We examined the relative contribution of specific components of multidimensional anxiety to cognitive biases in the processing of threat-related information in three experiments. Attentional bias was assessed by the emotional Stroop word color-naming task, interpretative bias by an on-line inference processing task, and explicit memory bias by sensitivity (d') and response criterion (β) from word-recognition scores. Multiple regression analyses revealed, first, that phobic anxiety and evaluative anxiety predicted selective attention to physical- and ego-threat information, respectively; cognitive anxiety predicted selective attention to both types of threat. Second, phobic anxiety predicted inhibition of inferences related to physically threatening outcomes of ambiguous situations. And, third, evaluative anxiety predicted a response bias, rather than a genuine memory bias, in the reporting of presented and nonpresented ego-threat information. Other anxiety components, such as motor and physiological anxiety, or interpersonal and daily-routines anxiety made no specific contribution to any cognitive bias. Multidimensional anxiety measures are useful for detecting content-specificity effects in cognitive biases.

Which Data to Meta-Analyze, and How?

2019 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Voracek ◽  
Michael Kossmeier ◽  
Ulrich S. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Graphical Displays ◽  
Primary Data Analysis ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Data Analytic

Abstract. Which data to analyze, and how, are fundamental questions of all empirical research. As there are always numerous flexibilities in data-analytic decisions (a “garden of forking paths”), this poses perennial problems to all empirical research. Specification-curve analysis and multiverse analysis have recently been proposed as solutions to these issues. Building on the structural analogies between primary data analysis and meta-analysis, we transform and adapt these approaches to the meta-analytic level, in tandem with combinatorial meta-analysis. We explain the rationale of this idea, suggest descriptive and inferential statistical procedures, as well as graphical displays, provide code for meta-analytic practitioners to generate and use these, and present a fully worked real example from digit ratio (2D:4D) research, totaling 1,592 meta-analytic specifications. Specification-curve and multiverse meta-analysis holds promise to resolve conflicting meta-analyses, contested evidence, controversial empirical literatures, and polarized research, and to mitigate the associated detrimental effects of these phenomena on research progress.

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