scholarly journals Short-Term High-Intensity Treadmill Exercise Promotes Ceramide-Dependent Extracellular Vesicle Secretion in the Central Nervous System of Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyan Liang ◽  
Shi Tang ◽  
Lin Song ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Vesicle Secretion

scholarly journals Effects of Combined HIIT and Stroop on Strength Manifestations, Serve Speed and Accuracy in Recreational Tennis Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7717
Author(s):  
Juan Pedro Fuentes-García ◽  
Jesús Díaz-García ◽  
Miguel Ángel López-Gajardo ◽  
Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Background: The importance of the serve in tennis players’ performance is well known but no previous studies have analyzed the effects of both physical and cognitive fatigue on the speed and accuracy of the serve. This study analyzed the effect of a High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) with and without cognitive load on serve speed and accuracy, spirometry, and strength manifestation. Methods: 32 recreational players (25 men and 7 women; aged 21.40 ± 1.52 years) performed a HIIT and a HIIT with a Stroop in recovery phases before performing a series of tennis services. Speed and accuracy of the services, spirometry, and strength manifestations were registered. Results: The main findings of the study showed that strength manifestations and spirometry were not affected by either protocol. A decrease in serve speed was observed in both protocols (p < 0.001) but service accuracy did not show impairments (p = 0.66). Conclusion: A combination of physical and mental fatigue may decrease serve speed but will not affect strength manifestations or spirometry negatively. These results could be caused by a response of the central nervous system to maintain the accuracy of the ball in presence of fatigue.

Interleukin-8 modulates feeding by direct action in the central nervous system

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. R877-R882 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Plata-Salaman ◽  
J. P. Borkoski
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxin ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is released in response to infection, inflammation, and trauma. The most important stimuli for IL-8 release during these pathological processes are IL-1, tumor necrosis factor, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin), factors that have been shown to suppress feeding. In the present study, the participation of IL-8 on the central regulation of feeding was investigated. Intracerebroventricular (icv) microinfusion of recombinant human IL-8 (rhIL-8, 1.0-100 ng/rat) suppressed the short-term (2-h) food intake. The most effective dose of rhIL-8, 20 ng, decreased 2-h food intake by 25% and nighttime food intake by 23%. Intracerebroventricular microinfusion of anti-rhIL-8 antibody (200 and 500 ng) blocked the effect of 20 ng rhIL-8 on 2-h and nighttime food intakes. Computerized analysis of behavioral patterns for the 2-h period demonstrated a specific reduction of meal size (by 33%), whereas meal frequency and meal duration were not affected after the icv microinfusion of 20 ng rhIL-8. This short-term food intake suppression by icv rhIL-8 was accompanied by a small, but significant, increase in cerebrospinal fluid-brain and rectal temperatures. Intraperitoneal administration of rhIL-8 in doses equivalent to those administered centrally had no effect on food intake. The results suggest that IL-8 acts directly in the central nervous system to decrease feeding. This effect of IL-8 may contribute to the food intake suppression frequently accompanying pathological processes.

scholarly journals Myoclonus Considerations on Their Classification and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
López Argüelles Julio ◽  
◽  
M Sosa Aguila Leydi ◽  
B Rodríguez Carvajal Aleima ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cortical Myoclonus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Classification And Treatment

Myoclonus is defined as involuntary, sharp and short-term movements of one or more muscular groups, stemmed from any structure of the central nervous system. Even though the study the myoclonus to motivated great quantity of scientific articles is not known with precision the physiopathological mechanisms that produce them. There are numerous classifications of the myoclonus that consider semiologic aspects, etiological, nosological, or physiological. Within them it takes on great importance the cortical myoclonus which occurs after the cortical origin of discharge transmitted through the pyramidal way

Primary Blast Injury: Pathophysiology and Implications for Treatment Part III: Injury to the Central Nervous System and the Limbs

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Guy ◽  
M A Glover ◽  
N P J Cripps
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Air Embolism ◽  
Blast Injury ◽  
Stress Waves ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Primary Blast ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThere are some structures in which changes consistent with primary blast may be found despite secondary and tertiary blast being the most frequent sources of injury. The Central Nervous System for example, especially the brain, is well protected yet there are historical and experimental accounts of damage which cannot be attributed to secondary or tertiary blast or even air embolism resulting from pulmonary disruption. Similarly, analysis and experimental simulation of specific skeletal injuries has shown that primary blast alone can fracture bones and that it is likely to be responsible for limb avulsions in victims exposed to stress waves of sufficiently high intensity.

Effects of high intensity ultrasound on the central nervous system of the cat

1955 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Barnard ◽  
William J. Fry ◽  
Frank J. Fry ◽  
Rolfs F. Krumins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Ultrasound ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals A proposal for a tailored protocol for focal suppurative infection of the central nervous system: analysis of an institutional experience in pediatric patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. E11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhas Udayakumaran ◽  
Ticini Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Central Nervous System

OBJECTIVEThe incidence of focal suppurative infections (FSIs) of the brain has significantly decreased owing to the better health and fundamental conditions of the population on the one hand and earlier detection and the availability of more potent antibiotics on the other. Interestingly, the antibiotic protocols have not been well defined in terms of duration despite a prompter diagnosis, definitive management of the etiology, and the advent of various higher-generation antibiotics. In this study, the authors evaluated the current treatment protocol. Their aim was to optimize management protocols for FSIs of the central nervous system based on clinical parameters.METHODSThe study was a retrospective analysis of all children who had undergone surgical management for an FSI at the Division of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, in the period from January 2001 to February 2018. In addition to demographic characteristics, the details of culture reports and antibiotic regimens were collected. The response to treatment was compared to changes in the infective profile (C-reactive protein) and imaging. Instances of reaspiration were compared with clinical signs, imaging findings, and infective profiles. Treatment response was separated into two groups: responders within or at 2 weeks and responders beyond 2 weeks. The clinical characteristics of these two groups were compared.RESULTSForty-eight children were treated in the study period. Nineteen patients benefited from the 2-week (short-term) protocol of intravenous antibiotics. Twenty-nine patients required more than 2 weeks (approximately 4 weeks; long-term protocol) for resolution. Of those requiring more than 2 weeks, 69% had cardiogenic etiology. All patients were followed up with a minimum of 3 weeks of oral antibiotics. In a comparative analysis between short-term and long-term responders, only etiology was significantly different. None of the patients who had the short-term protocol had a recurrence.CONCLUSIONSA shorter antibiotic protocol can be used successfully in carefully selected patients who are surgically treated and followed up. It is clear that the 2-week intravenous antibiotic protocol is more suitable for immunocompetent patients who have a noncardiogenic etiology.

scholarly journals Caffeine during High-Intensity Whole-Body Exercise: An Integrative Approach beyond the Central Nervous System

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2503
Author(s):  
Adriano E. Lima-Silva ◽  
Gislaine Cristina-Souza ◽  
Marcos D. Silva-Cavalcante ◽  
Romulo Bertuzzi ◽  
David J. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Physiological Systems

Caffeine is one of the most consumed ergogenic aids around the world. Many studies support the ergogenic effect of caffeine over a large spectrum of exercise types. While the stimulatory effect of caffeine on the central nervous system is the well-accepted mechanism explaining improvements in exercise performance during high-intensity whole-body exercise, in which other physiological systems such as pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscular systems are maximally activated, a direct effect of caffeine on such systems cannot be ignored. A better understanding of the effects of caffeine on multiple physiological systems during high-intensity whole-body exercise might help to expand its use in different sporting contexts (e.g., competitions in different environments, such as altitude) or even assist the treatment of some diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). In the present narrative review, we explore the potential effects of caffeine on the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscular systems, and describe how such alterations may interact and thus contribute to the ergogenic effects of caffeine during high-intensity whole-body exercise. This integrative approach provides insights regarding how caffeine influences endurance performance and may drive further studies exploring its mechanisms of action in a broader perspective.

T he roles of extracellular vesicle micro RNA s in the central nervous system

Glia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2267-2278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie N. Blandford ◽  
Dylan A. Galloway ◽  
Craig S. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
The Central Nervous System
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