scholarly journals Caffeine during High-Intensity Whole-Body Exercise: An Integrative Approach beyond the Central Nervous System

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2503
Author(s):  
Adriano E. Lima-Silva ◽  
Gislaine Cristina-Souza ◽  
Marcos D. Silva-Cavalcante ◽  
Romulo Bertuzzi ◽  
David J. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Physiological Systems

Caffeine is one of the most consumed ergogenic aids around the world. Many studies support the ergogenic effect of caffeine over a large spectrum of exercise types. While the stimulatory effect of caffeine on the central nervous system is the well-accepted mechanism explaining improvements in exercise performance during high-intensity whole-body exercise, in which other physiological systems such as pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscular systems are maximally activated, a direct effect of caffeine on such systems cannot be ignored. A better understanding of the effects of caffeine on multiple physiological systems during high-intensity whole-body exercise might help to expand its use in different sporting contexts (e.g., competitions in different environments, such as altitude) or even assist the treatment of some diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). In the present narrative review, we explore the potential effects of caffeine on the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscular systems, and describe how such alterations may interact and thus contribute to the ergogenic effects of caffeine during high-intensity whole-body exercise. This integrative approach provides insights regarding how caffeine influences endurance performance and may drive further studies exploring its mechanisms of action in a broader perspective.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological biomarkers of central nervous system affection in cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam Abd El Monem Ali ◽  
Ahmed Salama Al-Adl
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with significant systemic abnormalities which includes systemic inflammation and neurohormonal activation that are considered the main mechanisms of the pathophysiology in systemic involvement. The aim of the present study was to detect the subclinical affection of the central nervous system in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results Forty patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were enrolled in this study and 30 healthy subjects as a control group. All patients and healthy subjects were submitted to full history taking, clinical examination, arterial blood gases, spirometry, evoked potential, and electroencephalogram. Regarding to brain stem auditory evoked potentials, there was a statistically significant increase of latency of waves numbers I, III, and V, and a statistically significant increase of interpeak latencies I–III in the COPD group when compared to the control group. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant decrease of brain stem auditory evoked potential I and V amplitudes on both sides in the COPD group when compared to the control group. In visual evoked potential, there was a statistically significant increase of latency and decrease of amplitude of P100. In addition, there was a statistically significant increase of electroencephalogram changes in the COPD group when compared to the control group (20.0% vs. 3.3%, respectively). Conclusion In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the central nervous system could be affected subclinically as the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increased, and the patient should be electrophysiologically monitored for early detection of nervous system affection.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Single Session of Whole-Body Vibration Training in Recreationally Active Men on the Excitability of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Chmielewska ◽  
Magdalena Piecha ◽  
Edward Blaszczak ◽  
Piotr Król ◽  
Agnieszka Smykla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Vibration Training ◽  
Whole Body Vibration Training

AbstractVibration training has become a popular method used in professional sports and recreation. In this study, we examined the effect of whole-body vibration training on the central nervous system and muscle excitability in a group of 28 active men. Subjects were assigned randomly to one of two experimental groups with different variables of vibrations. The chronaximetry method was used to evaluate the effect of a single session of whole-body vibration training on the excitability of the rectus femoris and brachioradialis muscles. The examination of the fusing and flickering frequencies of the light stimulus was performed. An increase in the excitability of the quadriceps femoris muscle due to low intensity vibrations (20 Hz frequency, 2 mm amplitude) was noted, and a return to the initial values was observed 30 min after the application of vibration. High intensity vibrations (60 Hz frequency, 4 mm amplitude) caused elongations of the chronaxy time; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Neither a low intensity vibration amplitude of 2 mm (frequency of 20 Hz) nor a high intensity vibration amplitude of 4 mm (frequency of 60 Hz) caused a change in the excitability of the central nervous system, as revealed by the average frequency of the fusing and flickering of the light stimulus. A single session of high intensity whole-body vibration did not significantly decrease the excitability of the peripheral nervous system while the central nervous system did not seem to be affected.

scholarly journals Effects of Combined HIIT and Stroop on Strength Manifestations, Serve Speed and Accuracy in Recreational Tennis Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7717
Author(s):  
Juan Pedro Fuentes-García ◽  
Jesús Díaz-García ◽  
Miguel Ángel López-Gajardo ◽  
Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Background: The importance of the serve in tennis players’ performance is well known but no previous studies have analyzed the effects of both physical and cognitive fatigue on the speed and accuracy of the serve. This study analyzed the effect of a High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) with and without cognitive load on serve speed and accuracy, spirometry, and strength manifestation. Methods: 32 recreational players (25 men and 7 women; aged 21.40 ± 1.52 years) performed a HIIT and a HIIT with a Stroop in recovery phases before performing a series of tennis services. Speed and accuracy of the services, spirometry, and strength manifestations were registered. Results: The main findings of the study showed that strength manifestations and spirometry were not affected by either protocol. A decrease in serve speed was observed in both protocols (p < 0.001) but service accuracy did not show impairments (p = 0.66). Conclusion: A combination of physical and mental fatigue may decrease serve speed but will not affect strength manifestations or spirometry negatively. These results could be caused by a response of the central nervous system to maintain the accuracy of the ball in presence of fatigue.

Bone-brain crosstalk and potential associated diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Rousseaud ◽  
Stephanie Moriceau ◽  
Mariana Ramos-Brossier ◽  
Franck Oury
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
Skeletal Homeostasis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

AbstractReciprocal relationships between organs are essential to maintain whole body homeostasis. An exciting interplay between two apparently unrelated organs, the bone and the brain, has emerged recently. Indeed, it is now well established that the brain is a powerful regulator of skeletal homeostasis via a complex network of numerous players and pathways. In turn, bone via a bone-derived molecule, osteocalcin, appears as an important factor influencing the central nervous system by regulating brain development and several cognitive functions. In this paper we will discuss this complex and intimate relationship, as well as several pathologic conditions that may reinforce their potential interdependence.

scholarly journals Region-specific irradiation system with heavy-ion microbeam for active individuals of Caenorhabditis elegans

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiyo Suzuki ◽  
Yuya Hattori ◽  
Tetsuya Sakashita ◽  
Yuichiro Yokota ◽  
Yasuhiko Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Tail Region ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Radiation may affect essential functions and behaviors such as locomotion, feeding, learning and memory. Although whole-body irradiation has been shown to reduce motility in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the detailed mechanism responsible for this effect remains unknown. Targeted irradiation of the nerve ring responsible for sensory integration and information processing would allow us to determine whether the reduction of motility following whole-body irradiation reflects effects on the central nervous system or on the muscle cells themselves. We therefore addressed this issue using a collimating microbeam system. However, radiation targeting requires the animal to be immobilized, and previous studies have anesthetized animals to prevent their movement, thus making it impossible to assess their locomotion immediately after irradiation. We developed a method in which the animal was enclosed in a straight, microfluidic channel in a polydimethylsiloxane chip to inhibit free motion during irradiation, thus allowing locomotion to be observed immediately after irradiation. The head region (including the central nervous system), mid region around the intestine and uterus, and tail region were targeted independently. Each region was irradiated with 12 000 carbon ions (12C; 18.3 MeV/u; linear energy transfer = 106.4 keV/μm), corresponding to 500 Gy at a φ20 μm region. Motility was significantly decreased by whole-body irradiation, but not by irradiation of any of the individual regions, including the central nervous system. This suggests that radiation inhibits locomotion by a whole-body mechanism, potentially involving motoneurons and/or body-wall muscle cells, rather than affecting motor control via the central nervous system and the stimulation response.

I. Environmental Contamination and Biochemical Relationships

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. HUGUNIN ◽  
R. L. BRADLEY
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Methyl Mercury ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Mercury Compounds ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Pass Through

Mercury is naturally concentrated in geographical belts, but geological cycling has distributed the element in all strata of the earth. Natural concentrations of mercury are approximately 100 ppb in soil, 0.06 ppb in fresh water, 0.01–0.30 ppb in sea water, and 0.003–0.009 μg/m3 in air. Concentrations vary, being highest near mineral deposits. The concentration of mercury in some areas has been significantly increased by human carelessness. An epidemic among Japanese fishing families, death of Swedish wildlife, and discovery of elevated mercury levels in American fish focused attention on this problem. The discovery that certain species are capable of methylating inorganic mercury indicates pollution with any chemical form of mercury is dangerous. Alkylmercurials are the most dangerous form of mercury in the environment. Alkylmercurials are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, diffuse across the blood-brain carrier, and pass through the placental membrane in significantly higher proportions than other mercury compounds. The whole body half-life of methyl mercury in humans is 76 ± 3 days compared to half-lives of 37 ± 3 days for men and 48 ± 5 days for women observed for mercuric salts. Not readily broken down, sufficient concentrations of methyl mercury can cause irreversible damage to the central nervous system. Renal damage usually results from high levels of aryl- or alkoxyalkylmercurials and inorganic mercury; however, vapors of elemented mercury can damage the central nervous system. Organic mercury compounds cause chromosome changes, but the medical implications resulting from levels of mercury in food are unknown. The concentration of mercury in red blood cells and hair is indicative of the exposure to alkylmercurials. On a group basis, blood and urine concentrations of mercury may corrrelate with recent exposure to mercury.

scholarly journals Reduced motoneuron excitability in a rat model of sepsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1775-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Nardelli ◽  
Jaffar Khan ◽  
Randall Powers ◽  
Tim C. Cope ◽  
Mark M. Rich
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Motor Unit ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Repetitive Firing ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Many critically ill patients in intensive care units suffer from an infection-induced whole body inflammatory state known as sepsis, which causes severe weakness in patients who survive. The mechanisms by which sepsis triggers intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) remain unclear. Currently, research into ICUAW is focused on dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system. During electromyographic studies of patients with ICUAW, we noticed that recruitment was limited to few motor units, which fired at low rates. The reduction in motor unit rate modulation suggested that functional impairment within the central nervous system contributes to ICUAW. To understand better the mechanism underlying reduced firing motor unit firing rates, we moved to the rat cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis. In isoflurane-anesthetized rats, we studied the response of spinal motoneurons to injected current to determine their capacity for initiating and firing action potentials repetitively. Properties of single action potentials and passive membrane properties of motoneurons from septic rats were normal, suggesting excitability was normal. However, motoneurons exhibited striking dysfunction during repetitive firing. The sustained firing that underlies normal motor unit activity and smooth force generation was slower, more erratic, and often intermittent in septic rats. Our data are the first to suggest that reduced excitability of neurons within the central nervous system may contribute to ICUAW.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Does Not Impair Responses to Resistance Training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut S. Mølmen ◽  
Daniel Hammarström ◽  
Gunnar S. Falch ◽  
Morten Grundtvig ◽  
Lise Koll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Core Outcome ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

AbstractRationaleSubjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to accelerated decay of muscle strength and mass with advancing age. This is mediated by systemic pathophysiologies, which are also believed to impair responses to exercise training, a notion that remains largely unstudied.ObjectivesTo investigate the presence of impaired training responsiveness in COPD, measured as responses to resistance training compared to healthy participants.MethodsCOPD (GOLD grade II-III, n=20, age 69±5) and Healthy (n=58, age 67±4) conducted identical whole-body resistance training interventions, consisting of two weekly, supervised training sessions for 13 weeks. Leg exercises were performed unilaterally, with one leg conducting high-load training (10 repetitions maximum; RM) and the contralateral leg conducting low-load training (30RM).Measurements and Main ResultsMeasurements included muscle strength (n=7), endurance performance (n=6), muscle mass (n=2), muscle quality, muscle biology (vastus lateralis; muscle fiber characteristics, RNA content including transcriptome) and health-related variables (body composition, blood). For core outcome domains, weighted combined factors were calculated from the range of singular assessments.COPD showed marked improvements in lower-limb muscle strength/mass/quality and lower-limb/whole-body endurance performance, resembling or exceeding those of Healthy, measured as both relative and absolute change terms. This was accompanied by similar changes in muscle biological hallmarks (total RNA/rRNA content↑, muscle fiber cross-sectional area↑, type IIX proportions↓, changes in the mRNA transcriptome). Neither of the core outcome domains were differentially affected by resistance training load.ConclusionsCOPD showed marked, unimpaired and hitherto unrecognized responsiveness to resistance training, rejecting the notion of disease-related impairments in training responsiveness.

Primary Blast Injury: Pathophysiology and Implications for Treatment Part III: Injury to the Central Nervous System and the Limbs

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Guy ◽  
M A Glover ◽  
N P J Cripps
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Air Embolism ◽  
Blast Injury ◽  
Stress Waves ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Primary Blast ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThere are some structures in which changes consistent with primary blast may be found despite secondary and tertiary blast being the most frequent sources of injury. The Central Nervous System for example, especially the brain, is well protected yet there are historical and experimental accounts of damage which cannot be attributed to secondary or tertiary blast or even air embolism resulting from pulmonary disruption. Similarly, analysis and experimental simulation of specific skeletal injuries has shown that primary blast alone can fracture bones and that it is likely to be responsible for limb avulsions in victims exposed to stress waves of sufficiently high intensity.

The role of metabolites and the role of histo-hematological barriers in the regulation of body functions. (End)

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-532
Author(s):  
L. S. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
The State ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Physiological Systems

Evaluation of the results obtained in the study of the effect of cerebrospinal fluid on various physiological systems is complicated by the fact that the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid depends to a large extent on the state of the blood-brain barrier, and thus reflects not only a certain physiological state of the central nervous system. There is no doubt that the metabolic products of the brain, secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid, exert their effect not only on the activity of various parts of the brain and on the coordination of their functions, but due to the rapid transition of these substances from the cerebrospinal fluid into the general circulation, they also affect as a humoral a factor on the function of other physiological systems, as it was revealed in a number of experiments carried out in recent years in our laboratories. For example, it turned out that under various influences (direct irritation of the central nervous system in experimental epilepsy, irritation of the sensory nerves associated with severe pain, traumatic shock, toxemic or chemical shock, as well as starvation, prolonged insomnia, etc.) - substances appear in the cerebrospinal fluid that affect the state and activity of the cardiovascular system, the tone of smooth muscles, the excitability of the central nervous system, etc. These are the results of the work of our employees: Zeitlin, Weiss, Harles, Voskresensky, Gromakovskaya , Bazarova, Gotsman, Komarova and others. Work in this direction continues at the present time.

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