scholarly journals Successful Production of Piglets Derived from Expanded Blastocysts Vitrified Using a Micro Volume Air Cooling Method without Direct Exposure to Liquid Nitrogen

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji MISUMI ◽  
Yuri HIRAYAMA ◽  
Sachiko EGAWA ◽  
Shoko YAMASHITA ◽  
Hiroyoshi HOSHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Successful Production

Recent Advancement on Liquid Metal Cooling for Thermal Management of Computer Chip

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yue-Guang Deng ◽  
Zhong-Shan Deng
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Liquid Metal Coolant ◽  
Cooling Device ◽  
Chip Cooling ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Liquid Metal Cooling ◽  
Metal Coolant

Efficient cooling of a high performance computer chip has been an extremely important however becoming more and more tough issue. The recently invented liquid metal cooling method is expected to pave the way for high flux heat dissipation which is hard to tackle otherwise by many existing conventional cooling strategies. However, as a new thermal management method, its application also raised quite a few challenging fundamental and practical issues for solving. To illustrate the development of the new technology, this talk is dedicated to present an overview on the latest advancements made in the author’s lab in developing the new generation chip cooling device based on the liquid metal coolant with melting point around room temperature. The designing and optimization of the cooling device and component will be discussed. Several major barriers to prevent the new method from practical application such as erosion between liquid metal coolant and its substrate material will be outlined with good solutions clarified. Performance comparison between the new chip cooling method with commercially available products with highest quality such as air cooling, water cooling and heat pipe cooling devices were evaluated. Typical examples of using liquid metal cooling for the thermal management of a real PC or even super computer will be demonstrated. Further, miniaturizations on the prototype device by extending it as a MEMS cooling device or mini/micro channel liquid metal cooling device will also be explained. Along with the development of the hardware, some fundamental heat transfer issues in characterizing the liquid metal cooling device will be discussed through numerical or analytical model. Future challenging issues in pushing the new technology into large scale practices will be raised. From all the outputs obtained so far, it can be clearly seen that the new cooling strategy will find very promising and significant applications in a wide variety of engineering situations whenever thermal managements or heat transport are needed.

Thermal design of the vertical machining centre headstock by the forced cooling method

2011 ◽  
Vol 226 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Jiang ◽  
X Min
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Thermal Drift ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Spindle Axis ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Dip Angle ◽  
Forced Cooling

The headstock thermal drift is a major source of the machining error for a vertical machining centre. However, the research so far reported has been unable to provide a satisfactory method to eliminate the spindle axis dip angle resulting from the thermal drift. In this article, a thermal design is carried out for the vertical machining centre headstock by introducing a dual cooling system, utilizing forced water cooling subsystem and a forced air cooling one. An integrated thermal model of the vertical machining centre headstock has been established by aid of the finite element method, and the appropriate structural parameters of the dual cooling system have been analysed. The theoretical results were verified by an experiment in which the perpendicularity between worktable surface and the spindle axis resulting from the thermal displacement is measured. The results indicate that the thermal behaviour of the vertical machining centre headstock can be improved using the dual cooling method.

Comparison of traditional and modified (VitMaster) methods of rabbit embryo vitrification

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Papis ◽  
Maciej Korwin-Kossakowski ◽  
Elżbieta Wenta-Muchalska
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Morula Stage ◽  
Rabbit Embryo

In spite of their cryobiological efficacy, minimum-volume vitrification methods suffer from the risk of microbiological contamination and are technically and/or manually demanding. In this study, the effects of a traditional, slightly modified vitrification method and vitrification using supercooled liquid nitrogen (VitMaster) applied for rabbit morula-stage embryos were compared. Embryos were equilibrated in a solution containing 1,2-propanediol (2.72 M) and glycerol (1.36 M) for 7 min and vitrified in 0.25-ml insemination straws after 1-min exposure to a vitrification solution containing additionally 1.0 M sucrose. Cooling was performed in ‘normal’ or supercooled liquid nitrogen. Regardless of the cooling method applied, high in vitro survival and development rates of vitrified embryos were obtained. All embryos were intact after warming, and 61 out of 65 (93.8%) and 23 out of 24 (95.8%) embryos developed to the blastocyst stage after 48-h in vitro culture of embryos vitrified in ‘normal’ or supercooled liquid nitrogen, respectively. The results suggest higher developmental ability of embryos vitrified in supercooled liquid nitrogen (91.7% vs . 83.1% of embryos vitrified traditionally developed to more advanced, expanding and/or hatching blastocyst stages). In vivo survival rate, tested for the traditional vitrification system only, revealed that 36.8% of embryos developed to term. The results show promise for establishing a fully successful method for rabbit embryo vitrification.

Belt Grinding of TC4 Based on the Technology of Cryogenic Mist Jet Combined MQL

2009 ◽  
Vol 416 ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Fu Wang ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
Zhi Huang ◽  
Liang Yi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Metal Removal Rate ◽  
Belt Grinding ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Conventional Grinding ◽  
Cooling Technology ◽  
Improve Metal

To solve the problems of the reduces in belt life、low in metal removal rate and environmental pollution by using conventional grinding fluid, a new high efficiency and green cooling technology—— The Technology Of Liquid Nitrogen Cryogenic Wind Jet Combined MQL(LNCWJCM), It was used in belt grinding of TC4. The effect of LNCWJCM on grinding performance of TC4 was analyzed to compare with cold air 、liquid nitrogen and conventional flood cooling method. The experimental results indicate that LNCWJCM can improve metal removal rate and the life of belt, in addition , impacting on abrasive belt grinding from which the flow of liquid nitrogen, grinding temperature, the flow of oil droplets and other key parameters is studied.

The Effect of Cooling Process on the Microstructure and Electrical Transport Properties of AgSbTe2 Compound

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Liang Wei Fu ◽  
Jun You Yang ◽  
Ye Xiao ◽  
Jiang Ying Peng ◽  
Ming Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Electrical Transport ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Electrical Transport Properties ◽  
Apparent Influence

AgSbTe2compounds have been synthesized via melting and subsequent cooling processes. The effect of cooling process, from air-cooling, water quenching to liquid nitrogen-quenching, on the microstructure and the electrical transport properties of AgSbTe2has been investigated by means of powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscope, electrical resistivity, and Hall coefficient measurements. It has been found that the cooling process has apparent influence on the microstructure and corresponding electrical properties. The phase components and morphology changed as the cooling process altered. The electrical resistivity and the Seebeck coefficient of the as-prepared samples increased from air-cooled to liquid nitrogen-quenched sample.

scholarly journals Influence of Parameters on Micro Structural and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Based Alloy (A356) with Friction Stir Welding

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4802-4805
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Lubrication Oil ◽  
Machining Properties

This study examines the influence of varied conditions of cooling and different rotations of tool on the accuracy of weld of aluminum samples taken out by friction stir welding process. The aim of this study was to check the effects on samples of aluminum alloy of A356 grades that were welded by friction stir welding under various conditions of cooling like cooling by water, cooling by air, cooling by nitrogen gas and cooling by lubrication oil at two varied rotating speed of tool at 900 revolution per minute and 1100 revolution per minute. These readings were being carried by experimental investigations. The influence of these different parameters on micro structural and mechanical properties of these joint are discussed. Cooling the different specimens by lubrication oil or liquid nitrogen showed to reduce the input heat in processing which reduce the improvement of grains in between the process. The reduction in input heat showed in decreasing the microscopic defects in the specimen found to gain in micro hardness and betterment of tensile properties. It was observed that best machining properties was found when the rotational speed is higher and no condition of cooling is used i.e. friction stir welding is applied in air. Also, the better findings found out from all the specimens when cooling by liquid nitrogen under rotating speed of tool at 1100 rpm as it represents higher tensile.

scholarly journals The Quality of Horsemeat and Selected Methods of Improving the Properties of This Raw Material

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1672
Author(s):  
Renata Stanisławczyk ◽  
Mariusz Rudy ◽  
Stanisław Rudy
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Brown Colour ◽  
Sweetish Taste ◽  
Quality Features

Horsemeat has a strictly defined group of consumers whose demand varies depending on the country or region. There is no tradition of consuming horsemeat in Poland. From a technological point of view, this raw material is as good as other types of meat. In the opinion of the consumer, compared to other species of animals, horsemeat is characterized by an intense red-brown colour and greater cohesiveness resulting from the type of muscle fibres. This meat has a sweetish taste due to the high carbohydrate content. The management of horsemeat often involves the use of modern freezing methods. Freezing horsemeat with the use of liquefied carbon dioxide is a method that increases its suitability for consumption as well as for export purposes in comparison with the traditional air-cooling method. To eliminate the unfavourable quality features of horsemeat, there are substances used to improve the functional and sensory properties of this meat. This paper discusses the research and development work carried out in the field of horsemeat quality and selected methods contributing to its improvement.

Cooling of High Powered GPUs Using Liquid Nitrogen Cold Plates Made With Additive Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Nordlund ◽  
Rachel McAfee ◽  
Rebecca Ledsham ◽  
Joshua Gess
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Cryogenic Cooling ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Computational Performance ◽  
Two Phase Cooling

Abstract Processor energy density is exceeding the capabilities of conventional air-cooling technology, but two-phase cooling has the potential to manage these resulting heat fluxes at reliable temperatures and higher electrical efficiency. When two-phase cooling is used in tandem with overclocking, data center footprints are reduced as individual chip processing power can be set at limits well beyond the manufacturer’s Thermal Design Power (TDP) or nominal operating condition. This study examines how Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) can be used with Additive Manufacturing (AM) and overclocking to increase the computational performance of a commercially available GPU. The power consumption and frequency relationship were established for both the cryogenically cooled solution and a comparative air-cooled solution. The cryogenic solution saw up to a 17.4% increase in compute efficiency and an 18.1% improvement in compute speed with comparable power efficiency at an equivalent performance level to the air-cooled solution. This study considers the computational performance and efficiency gains that can be acquired through cryogenic cooling on an individual graphics card, which can be replicated on a larger scale in data center applications.

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