Corrigendum: Sex Selection and Gender Balance

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
V Bhaskar
Keyword(s):  
Sex Selection ◽  
Gender Balance ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Sex Selection and Gender Balance

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Bhaskar
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Marriage Market ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Market Selection ◽  
Excess Supply ◽  
Gender Balance ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
And Gender

We model the equilibrium sex ratio when parents can choose the sex of their child. With intrinsic son preference, sex selection results in a male-biased sex ratio. This is inefficient due to a marriage market congestion externality. Medical innovations that facilitate selection aggravate the inefficiency. If son preference arises endogenously, due to population growth causing an excess supply of women on the marriage market, selection may improve welfare. Empirically, sex selection causes an excess of males and reduces welfare in China. In most parts of India, cohort sizes are growing, implying an excess supply of women. (JEL J12, J13, J16, O15, P23)

Epilogue: Revealing Garments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilah Grace Canevaro
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Female Voice ◽  
William Morris ◽  
Gender Balance ◽  
Samuel Butler ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
And Gender

The Epilogue considers the semantic and poetological connections between words and weaving, and offers a broader perspective that brings in Tennyson, Waterhouse, and William Morris. Through Aristophanes and Plato it reflects on the cultural, social, and generic expectations of weaving and gender. Female voice is considered, in response to Samuel Butler but also in light of recent scholarship, translation, and literature that has changed the gender balance of Homeric studies. The Epilogue situates this book at a turning point, and reiterates its place in the discourse. Again through Morris, it returns to the all-important issue of representation, offering a final reflection on the particular status of objects in poetry.

scholarly journals CAEP 2015 Academic Symposium: Leadership within the emergency medicine academic community and beyond

CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S1-S9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Sinclair ◽  
James R. Worthington ◽  
Gary Joubert ◽  
Brian R. Holroyd ◽  
James Stempien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Academic Leadership ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Academic Leaders ◽  
Gender Balance ◽  
And Gender

AbstractObjectivesA panel of emergency medicine (EM) leaders endeavoured to define the key elements of leadership and its models, as well as to formulate consensus recommendations to build and strengthen academic leadership in the Canadian EM community in the areas of mentorship, education, and resources.MethodsThe expert panel comprised EM leaders from across Canada and met regularly by teleconference over the course of 9 months. From the breadth of backgrounds and experience, as well as a literature review and the development of a leadership video series, broad themes for recommendations around the building and strengthening of EM leadership were presented at the CAEP 2015 Academic Symposium held in Edmonton, Alberta. Feedback from the attendees (about 80 emergency physicians interested in leadership) was sought. Subsequently, draft recommendations were developed by the panel through attendee feedback, further review of the leadership video series, and expert opinion. The recommendations were distributed to the CAEP Academic Section for further feedback and updated by consensus of the expert panel.ResultsThe methods informed the panel who framed recommendations around four themes: 1) leadership preparation and training, 2) self-reflection/emotional intelligence, 3) academic leadership skills, and 4) gender balance in academic EM leadership. The recommendations aimed to support and nurture the next generation of academic EM leaders in Canada and included leadership mentors, availability of formal educational courses/programs in leadership, self-directed education of aspiring leaders, creation of a Canadian subgroup with the AACEM/SAEM Chair Development Program, and gender balance in leadership roles.ConclusionsThese recommendations serve as a roadmap for all EM leaders (and aspiring leaders) to build on their success, inspire their colleagues, and foster the next generation of Canadian EM academic leaders.

Creating Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-77
Author(s):  
Courtney S. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Moral Agency ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Genetic Technologies ◽  
And Gender

This chapter considers ecclesiastical teaching and personal experience regarding new reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization, repro-genetic options, such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and stem cell research ethics. The principal argument is that the ethics of medical technologies used to treat and provide remedies for infertility turns primarily on questions of moral agency, familial integrity, and medical professionalism, including safety and efficacy. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) procreative imperative can make the experience of infertility a wrenching personal ordeal that necessitates re-storying personal and gender identities relative to spiritual entrustment. Repro-genetic technologies find a moral point through disease prevention but are ethically controversial when their intent is for nonmedical purposes, such as sex selection or enhanced capacities. Despite firm convictions about the sanctity of human life, LDS teaching shows surprising acceptance regarding use of embryos for stem cell research.

scholarly journals Do Low-Openness, Low-Transparency Procedures in Academic Hiring Disadvantage Women?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Moratti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
European Studies ◽  
Gender Balance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Degree ◽  
High Share

Research has shown that low openness and low transparency in the process of recruitment of new (associate) professors put women at a systematic disadvantage. Examples include professorships awarded by direct invitation (as opposed to job calls); contexts where nominally open job calls routinely get only one applicant; and procedural rules that allow the filtering out of qualified applicants without sharing the grounds of the decision with the candidates. We investigated one decade (2007–2017) of hiring of new (associate) professors in one Faculty at the largest university in Norway, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (n = 79). The Faculty is a highly gender-equal setting, in that the share of women among associate professors has been >40% for over a decade. We found (1) a high share (about 40%) of women among applicants, maintained among winners; (2) a very sporadic use of direct invitations (two in a decade) and no sign that their use advantages men; (3) no nominally ‘open’ job calls with only one applicant; (4) no disadvantage for women when the pool of applicants is small; (5) no systematic filtering out of women when low-transparency internal formal preselection procedures are used because of organizational contingencies (e.g., a high number of applicants). We found an overall high degree of openness in the selection procedure when compared to other Scandinavian and Western European studies. Contrary to our expectations (based on the relevant literature), we found no link between low openness in the selection process and gender inequality in the outcome. The latter finding must be interpreted in context. We conclude that the overall good gender balance locally is an antidote to the potential biasing effect of low-openness and low-transparency procedures, so long as such procedures are used only exceptionally, and their use is clearly tied with organizational contingencies. At the same time, we found no indication that low-openness and low-transparency procedures systematically advantage women.

Gender and Demography in Asia (India and China)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Family And Marriage ◽  
And Gender

China and India together account for over one-third of the world’s population and both countries have considerably fewer women than men.. With long histories of skewed sex ratios and gender discrimination, these two countries have experienced a sharp decline in the birth of girls since the late 20th century. The unfolding and intimate relationship between gendered social structures, son preference, fertility decline, and new sex determination technologies has had serious demographic and social consequences, resulting in millions of “missing” girls, surplus males, bride shortages, and possibly, rising levels of gender violence. Even as women’s socio-economic indicators such as life expectancy, literacy, education, and fertility have improved, families continue to show a preference for sons raising questions between the tenuous relationship between development and gender equality. The advantages of raising sons over daughters, supported by traditional kinship, family, and marriage systems, appear to have got further entrenched in the era of neoliberal economies. Family planning policies of both nations, advocating small families, and the advent of pre-natal sex selection technologies further set the stage for the prevention of birth of daughters. Governments in both countries have since banned sex determination and launched policies and schemes to redress the gender imbalance and improve the value of the girl child. While these policies have not been highly successful, other social forces such as urbanization and rising educational levels are beginning to transform the way girls are perceived. A kernel of hope seems to be emerging at the beginning of the 21st century, as some improvement is visible in the sex ratio at birth in some of the worst affected regions in the two countries.

scholarly journals Gender Relation in Tea Plucking Workers: A Case Study of Gender Division of Labour and Gender Relation in Gambung Tea Plantation, West Java

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kralawi Sita ◽  
Erna Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Action Learning ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Gender Relation ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Gender Balance ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Working Hour

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Men and women’s participation in tea plucking have been divided based on gender and strongly patriarchy-influenced. This division of labor cause a gender relation describes specific case of their relations in tea plantation. This study aims to describe the gender relation among the tea plucking workers at Gambung Tea Plantation, analyzed by qualitative approach, particularly treated as a case study. Data collected by in-depth interviews, observation, focus group discussion, and documentation. It was triangulated and analyzed using Harvard Analytical Framework and Gender Balance Tree in Gender Action Learning System approaches. The result shows that both men and women have equal access employment in plucking tea but their participation divided based on gender and patriarchy-influenced. Women have large participation in manual job description while men dominates on mechanic. Manual labor requires longer working-hour. It cause women have longer on working-hour than men. It is also enhance their burdern, eventhough generally they have double roles. As the consequences, women must work harder on their both roles. However, women’s participation in productive works enable women to generate income that makes them gaining better position within the household, such as a decision maker. It makes them able to access skill capacity.<br />Keywords: gender relation, tea pluckeig worker, tea plantation, Harvard Analytical Framework, Gender Action Learning System</p><p><br />ABSTRAK<br />Partisipasi laki-laki dan perempuan dalam pemetikan teh dibagi berdasarkan gender dan dipengaruhi kuat oleh patriarki. Pembagian kerja ini menimbulkan relasi gender yang menggambarkan kasus tertentu hubungan laki-laki dan perempuan di perkebunan teh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan relasi gender pada kegiatan pemetikan teh di Perkebunan Teh Gambung, dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dalam studi kasus tertentu. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara mendalam, observasi, diskusi grup terpusat, dan dokumentasi. Data ditriangulasi dan dianalisis menggunakan Harvard Analytical Framework dan Gender Balance Tree dalam Gender Action Learning System. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik laki-laki dan perempuan mempunyai akses yang sama dalam pemetikan tetapi partisipasi mereka dibagi berdasarkan gender dan dipengaruhi patriarki. Perempuan mempunyai partisipasi besar dalam pemetikan manual sedangkan laki-laki mendominasi mekanisasi mesin petik. Manual membutuhkan waktu yang tinggi yang menyebabkan perempuan mempunyai waktu kerja yang lebih banyak dari laki-laki dan hal ini menambah beban perempuan yang secara general mempunyai beban ganda. Sebagai konsekuensinya, perempuan harus bekerja lebih keras. Namun, partisipasi perempuan dalam pekerjaan produktif memungkinkan perempuan untuk menghasilkan pendapatan yang memberikan perempuan posisi yang lebih baik dalam rumah tangga, seperti kekuasaan dalam pengambilan keputusan dan posisi tawar dalam mengakses peningkatan kapasitas keterampilan.<br />Kata kunci: relasi gender, pemetik teh, perkebunan teh, Harvard Analytical Framework, Gender Action Learning System</p>

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