scholarly journals How Research Affects Policy: Experimental Evidence from 2,150 Brazilian Municipalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 1442-1480
Author(s):  
Jonas Hjort ◽  
Diana Moreira ◽  
Gautam Rao ◽  
Juan Francisco Santini
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Reminder Letters ◽  
Larger Sample

Can research findings change political leaders’ beliefs and policies? We use experiments with 2,150 Brazilian municipalities to measure mayors’ demand for and response to research information. In one experiment, we find that mayors are willing to pay to learn the results of evaluation studies, and update their beliefs when informed of the findings. They value larger-sample studies more, while not distinguishing between studies in rich and poor countries. In a second experiment, we find that informing mayors about research on a simple and effective policy, taxpayer reminder letters, increases the probability the policy is implemented by 10 percentage points. (JEL D72, D78, D83, O17, O18)

scholarly journals Why Do Defaults Affect Behavior? Experimental Evidence from Afghanistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 2868-2901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Blumenstock ◽  
Michael Callen ◽  
Tarek Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Default Options ◽  
Cognitive Cost

We report on an experiment examining why default options impact behavior. By randomly assigning employees to different varieties of a salary-linked savings account, we find that default enrollment increases participation by 40 percentage points—an effect equivalent to providing a 50 percent matching incentive. We then use a series of experimental interventions to differentiate between explanations for the default effect, which we conclude is driven largely by present-biased preferences and the cognitive cost of thinking through different savings scenarios. Default assignment also changes employees’ attitudes toward saving, and makes them more likely to actively decide to save after the study concludes. (JEL C93, D14, D91, O12)

scholarly journals Biomedical research in Nigeria: realities and misconceptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. FSO475
Author(s):  
Bashiru Garba ◽  
Bashir Sa'idu
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Multinational Organizations ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
And Training

Investment in biomedical research is believed to drive economic growth and increase human capital, leading to increased productivity and sustainability. Unfortunately, such positive impacts are not palpable among the resource-poor countries. This can be attributed to the poor quality of research findings and the reliability of findings, which often are rarely translated to impactful products or decisions. While the Nigerian governments are making considerable efforts to improve the quality of research through increased funding, as well as sponsorship and training of scholars in technologically advanced institutions. This is in order for the transfer of knowledge to improve the livelihood of its citizens. However, there is still need for the private multinational organizations to support this course.

The Social Issue in the Company

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Abdelatif Kerzabi ◽  
Nawal Chemma
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we investigate the impact of government debt on the economic growth of Ghana adopting the methodology of the simple Ordinary Least Squares with data spanning from 1990 to 2015. Ghana has unfortunately found itself in the tragic situation of high external government debt which has led to high dependency on aid and other loans to support its development. These aids and loans have seen the debt of Ghana rise steadily over the years. As a result of the Heavily-Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) which was presented by the IMF and World Bank in 1999, Ghana was judged to be a HIPC with unsustainable debt enabling the country to benefit from debt relief. We investigate the impact of government debt (both external and domestic) by testing three related models at the domestic and external levels including the general growth of the Ghanaian economy. In constructing our dataset, we build on the study of many scholars including a substantial amount of new materials from both primary and secondary data sources being Ministry of Finance (MOF) or Treasury Latest actual data: Government Finance Statistics Manual (GFSM), Ghana and World Bank. The research findings revealed that there is a negative relationship between debt (domestic and external) and growth in the economy of Ghana and recommend among others that government debt borrowing should be discouraged while increasing the revenue base through tax reform programs is encouraged.

Strength, Endurance, and Stability of the Tongue and Hand in Parkinson Disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Pearl Solomon ◽  
Donald A. Robin ◽  
Erich S. Luschei
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Speech Disorder ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Tongue Strength ◽  
Submaximal Effort ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Larger Sample

Weakness and fatigue in the orofacial system often are presumed to contribute to the dysarthria associated with neuromotor disorders, although previous research findings are equivocal. In this study, tongue strength, endurance, and stability during a sustained submaximal effort were assessed in 16 persons with mild to severe Parkinson disease (PD) and a perceptible speech disorder. The same measures were taken from one hand for comparison. Only tongue endurance was found to be significantly lower in these participants than in neurologically normal control participants matched for sex, age, weight, and height. Analyses of data from a larger sample comprising the present and retrospective data revealed lower-than-normal tongue strength and endurance in participants with PD. No significant correlations were found between tongue strength and endurance, interpause speech rate, articulatory precision, and overall speech defectiveness for the present and previously studied participants with PD, bringing into question the influence of modest degrees of tongue weakness and fatigue on perceptible speech deficits.

scholarly journals Revisiting Understanding of The Whistleblowing Concept In The Context of Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Ilham Nurhidayat ◽  
Bevaola Kusumasari
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Research Gap

The conduct of this study came in the backdrop of thinking of the need for opening a discussion for a more comprehensive and contextual concept of whistleblowing  for Indonesia from the vantage point of existing theoretical perspectives, regulations and practices. There is a lot of misunderstanding and bias about the concept of whistleblowing in public and private organizations in Indonesia. This study is largely based on previous literature and observation of the implementation of whistleblowing system (WBS) in several institutions that the author considered credible enough to be best practices. The study used descriptive qualitative approach and used various reference sources that were drawn from library research. This research has produced several formulations. First, the synonym or equivalent phrase in the Indonesian language for the term whistleblower is Pengungkap dugaan kecurangan, (revealer of alleged fraud) and Pengungkap dugaan pelanggaraan (revealer of alleged violation) or Pengungkap dugaan perbuatan tidak benar (wrongdoing) (revealer of alleged wrongdoing). Secondly, the most appropriate equivalence to the phrase whistleblowing system (WBS) in the context of Indonesia is “Sistem Pengungkapan Dugaan Pelanggaran” (alleged violation disclosure system). Third, the object of the report or complaints of whistleblowing (wrongdoing) is classifying into seventeen types of behavior that are in turn categorized into seven groups. WBS development and implementation in a number of government and private sector institutions emphasize seven key points. Research findings fill a mainstream research gap on whistleblowing in  Indonesia, which has for long been plagued by misunderstanding  between  WBS and  complaints handling system that is evident in several institutions and  government agencies in Indonesia. The expectation is that research results will make some contribution to government policy making in the realm of whistleblowing system by providing a definition that is in line with the initial conception of the concept of whistleblowing. That way, this research is expected to contribute to the development of a more effective policy and WBS that not only protects the whistleblower but also pays attention ethics, culture, and local context in Indonesia which are different from the countries where the concept of whistleblowing had its origins.

Evaluating Destination Marketing Organizations’ Websites

2014 ◽  
pp. 72-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drosopoulou Charoula ◽  
Malama Eleonora-Ioulia ◽  
Patsioura Fotini ◽  
Vlachopoulou Maro
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Destination Marketing ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Website Evaluation ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Tourism Websites ◽  
Real Time Information

Developing their e-marketing strategy, Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) invest in the establishment of their Websites to provide extended accessibility, real-time information/services, and personalization capabilities. This chapter aims to review prior tourism studies that refer to Website evaluation by taking DMOs’ Websites as the focus of the investigation. A comprehensive literature review on theories, models, and surveys on evaluating tourism Websites is presented and analyzed. The major benefit of this study is the digest of multiple approaches regarding DMOs’ Website evaluation within the tourism sector. The chapter gives an integrated overview of the historical development of Website evaluation studies in the tourism field in order to draw conclusions about the dimensions and key factors that drive Website success. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the DMOs’ Websites of five Mediterranean countries are assessed through content analysis in terms of information, communication, transaction, relationship, and technical merit dimensions based on a modified approach of the ICTRT model (Li & Wang, 2010). The research findings should be of interest to DMOs as the findings shed light on the effectiveness of their Websites over a period of time facilitating continuous improvements and comparisons between competitive tourism destinations/countries.

scholarly journals BRANDING POLITIK JOKO WIDODO DALAM PILPRES 2014 DI MEDIA ONLINE

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Fatayati
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Communication Behavior ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Political Candidates ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Personal Branding

The presence of the internet has brought new changes in communication behavior. In the real of the political use of the online media occurs by political leaders to construct their personal branding. Construction personal branding become part of political communication with a variety of functions, for political candidates, are expected to influence and attract voters. The purpose of this study is to analyze the construction of the personal branding of Joko Widodo as candidates for Indonesian President 2014-2019, through online medias by making use of news on online medias. Using content analysis method Hsieh & Shannon dengan pendekatan directed content analysis melalui prosedur induksi.. The research findings in the text indicate that Jokowi perform his personal branding construction.

scholarly journals 0783 Relationship Between Chronotype And Sleep Duration Among Medical Students

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A298-A298
Author(s):  
A Geoca ◽  
M Dowling ◽  
V Jain
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
T Test ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
The Self ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Washington University ◽  
Larger Sample

Abstract Introduction Previous literature has supported the claim that longer sleepers have later chronotypes. It is also thought that later chronotypes may obtain less sleep during workdays. We aimed to study the association between sleep duration and chronotypes in The George Washington University (GWU) medical students. Methods Eighty-six medical students at GWU (62 F [71%], 24 M [29%]; ages 21-33 y [mean 24.4 y]) filled out the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Midpoint of the bedtime and wake times during workdays was used to determine chronotype. Subjects were split into two groupsbased on the median of the distribution (Md=7.5) of the self-reported sleep duration variable; those who sleep less than 7.5 hours (short sleepers), and those who sleep 7.5 hours or longer (long sleepers). Independent samples t-test was used to compare the chronotype measurementsof the long sleepers (n=39) versus short sleepers (n=41). Results Short sleepers had a mean of 6.48 (SD=0.72) hours of sleep while long sleepers had a mean of 8.11 (SD=0.53) hours of sleep. The range of chronotype measures was wider in the long sleepers (1.25 to 7.25; range=6) compared to that in the short sleepers group (1.42 to 5.280; range=3.86). We found no significant mean differences in chronotype between those who slept less than 7.5 hours (mean=3.188, SD=0.858) and those who sleep 7.5 hours or longer (mean=3.201, SD=1.20) [t(77)=0.056; p = .956]. Conclusion Sleep duration among medical students was not associated with their chronotype. This is in opposition to other research findings of decreased sleep duration among later chronotypes. Our findings need to be replicated in a larger sample. Support NA

Measuring Broadband and Its Impacts

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
John B. Horrigan
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The Core ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Recommendations For Practice ◽  
Panel Studies

One of the core methods used in many evaluation studies is survey research. This chapter discusses the challenges of measuring behavioral change and the impacts of broadband use through surveys and addresses how evaluators can get the most from repeated surveys (pre- and post-studies and panel studies). This chapter draws on lessons from a national panel study of participants that included nearly two thousand Internet Essentials users and was uniquely positioned to examine the experience of individuals and families who moved from being non-adopters to broadband adopters, assessing their adoption and engagement pathways. Such research provides policy-relevant evidence and recommendations for practice. The chapter also discusses how evaluators can work with diverse stakeholders (policymakers, local officials, funders, and others) to encourage evaluation and to assist them in using research findings. What is it that such stakeholders expect or want to know about technology and its impacts on individuals and society?

Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative and Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative—Statistical Update

Policy Papers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Debt Relief ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries ◽  
Hipc Initiative ◽  
Paris Club

The HIPC Initiative and MDRI are nearly complete, with 36 countries having already reached the completion point under the HIPC Initiative. Chad, in April 2015, is the latest country to reach the completion point. Debt relief under the Initiative has alleviated debt burdens substantially in recipient countries and has enabled them to increase their poverty-reducing expenditure by over one and a half percentage points of GDP between 2001 and 2014. Creditor participation in the HIPC Initiative has been strong amongst the multilateral and Paris Club creditors; however participation from other creditor groups still needs to be strengthened. The total cost of debt relief to creditors under the HIPC Initiative is currently estimated to be US$74.8 billion, while the costs to the four multilateral creditors providing relief under the MDRI is estimated at US$41.6 billion in end-2014 present value terms.

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