scholarly journals The role of spectral cues in vertical plane elevation perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-438
Author(s):  
Dingding Yao ◽  
Junfeng Li ◽  
Risheng Xia ◽  
Yonghong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Spectral Cues

3D Structure of Striations in the North Pacific

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
YU ZHANG ◽  
YU PING GUAN ◽  
RUI XIN HUANG
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
The North ◽  
Layer Analysis ◽  
Fluid Potential ◽  
The North Pacific

AbstractOcean striations are composed of alternating quasi-zonal band-like flows; this kind of organized structure of currents be found in all world’s oceans and seas. Previous studies have mainly been focused on the mechanisms of their generation and propagation. This study uses the spatial high-pass filtering to obtain the three-dimensional structure of ocean striations in the North Pacific in both the z-coordinate and σ-coordinate based on 10-yr averaged SODA3 data. First, we identify an ideal-fluid potential density domain where the striations are undisturbed by the surface forcing and boundary effects. Second, using the isopycnal layer analysis, we show that on isopycnal surfaces the orientations of striations nearly follow the potential vorticity (PV) contours, while in the meridional-vertical plane the central positions of striations are generally aligned with the latitude of zero gradient of the relative PV. Our analysis provides a simple dynamical interpretation and better understanding for the role of ocean striations.

scholarly journals Modeling perceived externalization of a static, lateral sound image

Acta Acustica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Song Li ◽  
Robert Baumgartner ◽  
Jürgen Peissig
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Spectral Cues ◽  
Sound Image ◽  
Reverberant Environments ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Monaural Spectral Cues ◽  
Interaural Level Differences

Perceived externalization is a relevant feature to create an immersive acoustic environment with headphone reproduction. In the present study, listener-specific acoustic transfer characteristics for an azimuth angle of 90° were modified to investigate the role of monaural spectral cues, interaural level differences (ILDs), and temporal fluctuations of ILDs on perceived externalization in anechoic and reverberant environments. Listeners’ ratings suggested that each acoustic cue was important for perceived externalization. If only one correct acoustic cue remained in the ear signals, the sound image could not be perceived as fully externalized. Reverberation did reduce but not eliminate the influences of monaural spectral and ILD cues on perceived externalization. Additionally, the spectral details of the ipsilateral ear signal were more important for perceived externalization than those in the contralateral ear signal. A computational model was proposed to quantify those relationships and predict externalization ratings by comparing the acoustic cues extracted from the target (modified) and template (non-processed) binaural signals after several auditory processing steps. The accuracy of predicted externalization ratings was higher than 90% under all experimental conditions.

A large eddy simulation study of the inshore nutrient uplift process: The role of topography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheye Wang ◽  
Shuang Li
Keyword(s):  
Large Eddy Simulation ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Fish Yield ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Natural Reefs

<p>Artificial fish reefs are the underwater structures placed on the ocean floor to simulate some characteristics of natural reefs. The onshore current can be transformed into upwelling under the influence of artificial fish reefs, thus the nutrient at the bottom of the near shore can be raised, which increases the prey of plankton and fish yield. In order to investigate this phenomenon, a 3D large eddy simulation (LES) of the ocean boundary layer was combined with four different types of artificial fish reef terrains (square, convex-fan, isosceles right triangle, concave-fan). In the near surface, almost only the square terrain can uplift the nutrient, which brings about the most uniform nutrient distribution. Based on the size of integral values of nutrient concentration in the upper part of the four reefs, they are listed as follows: square terrain, convex-fan terrain, isosceles right triangle terrain, concave-fan terrain decreases (from largest to smallest). What is more, the integral values of the four terrains reduce exponentially. Because the nutrient flow encounters the square terrain’s vertical plane, it has a larger vertical velocity. Nevertheless, for convex-fan terrain and isosceles right triangle terrain, their slopes are smoothly, resulting in poor lifting effect. Meanwhile, compared with the other three types of terrains, the concave-fan terrain can prevent the overflow of nutrients better. Among those four reefs, it can be found the square-shaped artificial fish reef is the best one for uplifting the nutrient.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Aeolin in The Formation of Earth Surface Configuration and The Influencing Factor

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alif Noor Anna
Keyword(s):  
Simple Form ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Coracoid Process ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
Wind Force ◽  
Surface Configuration ◽  
The Earth

Configuration of the earth surface is molded by the interaction of endogenous and exogenous forces. The outcome of the interaction usually has the shape of special charracter. Configuration charracter is then applied to grouping of more simple form called landform. It so happens that one of the landform function is to make geomorphology research more easier. Que of the earth surface configuration is molded by wind force the result of this activity is called the landform which is originally molded by wind process. There are two folds function of wind process i.l: erosion (= coracoid process and deposifronal force). Coracoid process usually takes place on vertical as well as horizontal plane. Coracoid on vertical plane will have the shape of yardang, while on horizontal plane has the shape of pillars, needless, and zenguen. It so happens that depositional wind will shape ripples, sanddunes, and loess.

THE ORIENTATION OF HORSE FLIES AND DEER FLIES (TABANIDAE:DIPTERA): II. THE ROLE OF SOME VISUAL FACTORS IN THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF DECOY SILHOUETTES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Bracken ◽  
Wm. Hanec ◽  
A. J. Thorsteinson
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Horse Flies ◽  
Convex Curvature

The attractiveness of colored spheres was compared in the field for several tabanid species. Black and red spheres were highly attractive to all the species. Tabanus illotus was attracted nearly equally to black, gray, and white silhouettes. The attractiveness of gray and white spheres for the other species decreased rapidly with increasing reflectance. Green and yellow spheres were unattractive for all species. Two-dimensional black silhouettes attracted only a small number of tabanids. Three-dimensional black silhouettes with plane surfaces attracted larger numbers of flies. Glossy black silhouettes with convex curvature in the vertical plane were much more attractive than other silhouettes. Interpretations of these results are presented.

scholarly journals Localization of sound in the vertical plane with and without high-frequency spectral cues

1992 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Butler ◽  
Richard A. Humanski
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Spectral Cues
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