scholarly journals The Role of Aeolin in The Formation of Earth Surface Configuration and The Influencing Factor

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alif Noor Anna
Keyword(s):  
Simple Form ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Coracoid Process ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
Wind Force ◽  
Surface Configuration ◽  
The Earth

Configuration of the earth surface is molded by the interaction of endogenous and exogenous forces. The outcome of the interaction usually has the shape of special charracter. Configuration charracter is then applied to grouping of more simple form called landform. It so happens that one of the landform function is to make geomorphology research more easier. Que of the earth surface configuration is molded by wind force the result of this activity is called the landform which is originally molded by wind process. There are two folds function of wind process i.l: erosion (= coracoid process and deposifronal force). Coracoid process usually takes place on vertical as well as horizontal plane. Coracoid on vertical plane will have the shape of yardang, while on horizontal plane has the shape of pillars, needless, and zenguen. It so happens that depositional wind will shape ripples, sanddunes, and loess.

ON IMPROVEMENT OF PARACHUTE-RETROROCKET AIRDROP SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Yu. Adamov ◽  
K. Boriak ◽  
V. Zavalniuk
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Descent Trajectory ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Absolute Altitude

The paper is devoted to the study of the prospects for improving the parachute-retrorocket airdrop system (PRS) in order to increase its reliability and enable the ability to adjust the orientation of a load in the horizontal plane depending on the slope of the earth's surface at the landing site. The primary task is to improve the accuracy of the altimeter, which determines the triggering moment of the PRS jet engines. The replacement of a mechanical altimeter of an outdated design with a modern electronic radio altimeter based on phased array radar is proposed, which allows to improve the accuracy of determining the absolute altitude(distance to the ground) and to take into account a roll of the load during the descent. The ways of determining the slope of earth's surface at the estimated landing site are also discussed. The results obtained make it possible to increase the accuracy of radio altimeter operation and significantly reduce the probability of an error in determining the absolute altitude due to rocking or static roll of the object. In addition to determining the current values of the height and speed of the descent of the vehicle, the use of a scanning radar makes it possible to estimate the inclination angle of the Earth’s surface at the landing site (in the radar scanning plane). If a certain angle of inclination of the earth surface at the landing site turns out to be too large, the probability of a successful landing can be increased by correcting the object's descent path, taking into account the information received. One of the easiest ways to correct a descent trajectory is to equip an object with small aerodynamic elements (rudders) and electromechanical actuators, ensuring their necessary orientation based on the results of determining the surface relief with radar. As one of the options, the authors propose the use of additional jet engines, which are structurally located on opposite sides of the object of landing in such a way as to form a torque of rotation of the object in a space from 0 ° to 90 ° in the horizontal plane due to the kinetic energy of motion from the actuation of jet engines. The triggering moment of the squibs is calculated based on determining the optimal distance of the object to the ground surface, and the need for triggering the squibs to rotate the object (correcting its position in space) depends on a certain value of the slope angle of the earth surface and comparing it with the admissible critical values of the angle, at which the object loses its stability during landing.

scholarly journals Barium stable isotopes as a fingerprint of biological cycling in the Amazon River Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Charbonnier ◽  
Julien Bouchez ◽  
Jérôme Gaillardet ◽  
Éric Gayer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Silicate Weathering ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Biological Cycling ◽  
Biological Uptake ◽  
Dissolved Load ◽  
Silicate Rocks

Abstract. Although biological cycling of rock-derived nutrients is a major operator of element cycles at the Earth surface, its magnitude still remains elusive. The isotope composition of rock-derived nutrients, which can be fractionated during biological uptake, is a powerful tool to quantify biological cycling. In this paper we use the elemental and isotopic composition of such a rock-derived nutrient, the trace element barium (Ba), measured in river dissolved and sediment load samples collected across the Amazon Basin. We show that dissolved Ba derives mainly from silicate rocks, while a correlation between dissolved Ba and K abundances suggests a strong role of biological cycling on the Ba river budget. The isotope composition of Ba (δ138Ba) of the dissolved load is significantly different from that of silicate rocks and is affected by i) formation of secondary phases and ii) biological uptake and release from dead organic matter. Results from an isotope mass balance model applied to the river dissolved load data indicate that after its release to solution by rock weathering, Ba is partitioned between the dissolved load, the secondary weathering products such as those found in soils and river sediments, and the biota. In most sub-catchments of the Amazon, river dissolved Ba abundance and isotope composition are significantly affected by biological cycling. Relationships between estimates of Ba cycling and independent metrics of ecosystem dynamics (such as Gross Primary Production and Terrestrial Ecosystem Respiration) allows us to discuss the role of erosion rates on the cycling of rock-derived nutrients. In addition, river catchment-scale mass and isotope budgets of Ba show that the measured riverine export of Ba is lower than the estimated delivery of Ba to the Earth surface through rock alteration. This indicates the existence of a missing Ba component, that we attribute to the formation of a Ba-bearing particulate organic component, possibly accumulating as soil organic matter or currently growing biomass within the catchments; and to organic-bound exported as unsampled river particulate organic matter. Given our findings on the minor nutrient Ba, we explore whether the river fluxes of most major rock-derived nutrients (K, Mg, Ca) might also be significantly affected by biological uptake or release. A first-order correction of river-derived silicate weathering fluxes from biological cycling shows that, at the Amazon at mouth, the CO2 consumption by silicate weathering should be 20 % higher than the yet-reported value. Overall, our study clearly shows that the chemical and isotope composition of the Amazon (and most likely of most rivers) bears a biological imprint.

scholarly journals Radiative Role of Clouds on the Earth Surface Energy Balance

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Sung-Chul Hong ◽  
Ii-Ung Chung ◽  
Hyung-Jin Kim ◽  
Jae-Bum Lee ◽  
Sung-Nam Oh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
The Earth

scholarly journals THE POSITION-DEPENDENT NATURE OF POSTURAL RESISTANCE REFLEXES IN THE LOCUST

1994 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Field ◽  
M Coles
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Motor Neurone ◽  
Chordotonal Organ ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Full Flexion

The resistance reflexes of tibial extensor and flexor muscles, of all six legs in the locust, show changes in gain at different femur­tibia angles (FTA). In all muscles the gain is high for small angles (near full flexion) and low for large angles (near full extension, approximately 160 °). An exception occurs in the mesothoracic flexor muscle, which shows two modes: one as above and another in which maximum gain occurs at 100­120 ° FTA. The position-dependent character is evident at each stage of the reflex pathway: motor neurone, non-spiking interneurone and femoral chordotonal organ (the afferent source of the reflex). We conclude that position-dependency originates from a decrease in the number of phasic femoral chordotonal organ neurones sensitive to joint movement as larger FTAs are approached. Position-dependency is only roughly correlated with the postural FTAs most commonly observed in the meso- and metathoracic legs of unrestrained resting locusts; no such correlation was evident for prothoracic legs. We propose that the major role of position-dependency is to allow resistance reflexes efficiently to counter torque introduced onto the femur­tibia joint by perturbations in the horizontal plane when the insect rests on a horizontal substratum and in the vertical plane when it rests on a vertical substratum.

scholarly journals The dynamics of revolving fluid on a rotating earth

1921 ◽  
Vol 99 (700) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Axis Of Symmetry ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Complete Account

In a paper on the dynamics of revolving fluids, the late Lord Rayleigh considered the special case of fluid revolving about a fixed vertical axis, neglecting the rotation of the earth. The object of the present paper is to investigate the modifications of Rayleigh’s results which are brought about by the rotation of the earth, and by translation in a vertical plane of the axis of symmetry. Air is treated as an incompressible non-viscous fluid. Let the motion be referred to rectangular axes, x, y, z, rotating with the earth, the axis of z being vertical and the axes of x and y in the horizontal plane. At a point x, y, z , the components of velocity are u, v, w, the pressure is p , and density p . If gravity is the only impressed force, the equations of motion are D u /D t = —1/ p dp / dx + lv , (1) D v /D t = —1/ p dp / dy — lu , (2) D w /D t = —1/ p dp / dz + g , (3) where D/D t = d / dt + ud / dx + vd / dy + wd / dz and the equation of continuity is du / dx + dv / dy + dw / dz = 0, (4) where l — 2ω sin Φ, ω being the angular velocity of rotation of the earth, and Φ the latitude. The terms lv , — lu , in the first two equations represent components of the deviating force due to the earth’s rotation, and the inclusion of these terms takes complete account of the rotation of the earth.

Basis for the technique of the external control of the optical equipment for the remote sensing of the Earth surface

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
O.D. Fedorovskyi ◽  
◽  
V.I. Kononov ◽  
K.Yu. Sukhanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
External Control ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
The Earth

Beyond the Social Determinants of Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Laura Hall ◽  
Urpi Pine ◽  
Tanya Shute
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
People First

Abstract This paper will reflect on key findings from a Summer 2017 initiative entitled The Role of Culture and Land-Based Healing in Addressing and Ending Violence against Indigenous Women and Two-Spirited People. The Indigenist and decolonizing methodological approach of this work ensured that all research was grounded in experiential and reciprocal ways of learning. Two major findings guide the next phase of this research, complicating the premise that traditional economic activities are healing for Indigenous women and Two-Spirit people. First, the complexities of the mainstream labour force were raised numerous times. Traditional economies are pressured in ongoing ways through exploitative labour practices. Secondly, participants emphasized the importance of attending to the responsibility of nurturing, enriching, and sustaining the wellbeing of soil, water, and original seeds in the process of creating renewal gardens as a healing endeavour. In other words, we have an active role to play in healing the environment and not merely using the environment to heal ourselves. Gardening as research and embodied knowledge was stressed by extreme weather changes including hail in June, 2018, which meant that participants spent as much time talking about the healing of the earth and her systems as the healing of Indigenous women in a context of ongoing colonialism.

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