scholarly journals Skin Penetration Enhancing Action of cis-Unsaturated Fatty Acids with .OMEGA.-9, and .OMEGA.-12-Chain Lengths.

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu TAKEUCHI ◽  
Yumiko YAMAOKA ◽  
Shoji FUKUSHIMA ◽  
Kohji MIYAWAKI ◽  
Kenji TAGUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Chain Lengths

The lipids of four unusual non-pathogenic host-associated spirochetes

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1877-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Livermore ◽  
Russell C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Complex Lipids ◽  
Monogalactosyl Diglyceride ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Long Chain

The lipid compositions of two spirochetes isolated from the human oral cavity and two isolated from pig feces were examined. These isolates were unusual in that they did not require long-chain fatty acids for growth, as do the other host-associated spirochetes, but rather required isobutyric and valeric acids. Therefore, they could be cultured in a medium free of serum or fatty acid –albumin supplements. The major fatty acids synthesized were normal and iso fatty acids with 14 and 16 carbons. No unsaturated fatty acids were detected, nor were chain lengths longer than 16 carbons. The major complex lipids found were monogalactosyl diglyceride, phosphatidyl glycerol, and bis-phosphatidyl glycerol. Nitrogenous phospholipids, present in Treponema and Leptospira, were not synthesized by these novel strains. The data indicate an intermediate position of these isolates between Treponema and free-living Spirochaeta.

"Epicuticular Waxes" from Exine Material of Pine Pollen

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 858-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Niester ◽  
Paul-Gerhard Gülz ◽  
Rolf Wiermann
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Pine Pollen ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Physical And Chemical

“Epicuticular waxes” from pine pollen and from pollen wings have been investigated. Various hydrocarbons, aldehydes, wax esters, free fatty acids and primary alcohols in the form of homologous series were identified. A noteworthy observation was the presence of a large number of unsaturated fatty acids. Although there were quantitative differences between the waxes from whole pollen and pollen wings, the distribution patterns of chain lengths of the individual compounds were very similar. It is demonstrated unequivocally, through the use of pollen wing material, that the waxes are components of the exine. It is postulated that the pollen waxes provide an additional effective mechanism for protection against the effects of the physical and chemical environment.

scholarly journals Free Fatty Acid Receptors in Health and Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Kimura ◽  
Atsuhiko Ichimura ◽  
Ryuji Ohue-Kitano ◽  
Miki Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Receptors ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Fatty acids are metabolized and synthesized as energy substrates during biological responses. Long- and medium-chain fatty acids derived mainly from dietary triglycerides, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbial fermentation of the otherwise indigestible dietary fiber, constitute the major sources of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the metabolic network. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that FFAs serve not only as energy sources but also as natural ligands for a group of orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) termed free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), essentially intertwining metabolism and immunity in multiple ways, such as via inflammation regulation and secretion of peptide hormones. To date, several FFARs that are activated by the FFAs of various chain lengths have been identified and characterized. In particular, FFAR1 (GPR40) and FFAR4 (GPR120) are activated by long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, while FFAR3 (GPR41) and FFAR2 (GPR43) are activated by SCFAs, mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate. In this review, we discuss the recent reports on the key physiological functions of the FFAR-mediated signaling transduction pathways in the regulation of metabolism and immune responses. We also attempt to reveal future research opportunities for developing therapeutics for metabolic and immune disorders.

scholarly journals Quinones and non-quinones from the defensive secretion of Unciger transsilvanicus (Verhoeff, 1899) (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), from Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Sekulic ◽  
Lj.V. Vujisic ◽  
B.P.M. Curcic ◽  
B.M. Mandic ◽  
D.Z. Antic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Defensive Secretion ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
The Family ◽  
Great Relative Abundance ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
First Time

A complex mixture of compounds was identified from the secretion of specimens of Unciger transsilvanicus. Phenol and p-cresol were detected for the first time in the family Julidae, and for the second time in the order Julida. Thirteen quinones were identified, with a great relative abundance of toloquinone and 2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. Hydroquinone was detected for the first time in the order Julida. Besides these compounds, isopentyl hexacosatetraenoate and isopentyl esters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with chain lengths from C14 to C20were identified. The most abundant non-quinone compound was isopentyl eicosenoate. The relative abundance of quinone and non-quinone in the defensive fluid of U. transsilvanicus was 77% and 23%, respectively. The phylogenetic importance of the registered compounds is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Esterification of stearic acid with lower monohydroxylic alcohols

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlatko Kastratovic ◽  
Miljan Bigovic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acids ◽  
Chain Lengths

Esters play a significant role in everyday life but also in the chemical industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of different parameters on the process of esterification of higher monocarboxylic acids with lower monohydroxylic alcohols. We examined the influences of the following variables: the type and amount of the catalyst, the structure of alcohols and fatty acids, the acid/alcohol molar ratio, and the temperature of the esterification process. The descending order of reactivity found alcohols is: 1-butanol > 1-propanol > 2-methyl-1-propanol > ethanol > 2-butanol >2-propanol > 2-methyl-2-propanol. The results of this study show no significant effect of chain lengths of saturated fatty acids on the speed and yield of esterification. The presence of the double bond in unsaturated fatty acids reduces the acid to ester conversion. The highest yield (99%) was obtained in the reaction of stearic acid and 1-butanol with an acid/alcohol/catalyst (H2SO4) mole ratio 1/15/0.75 and at a temperature of 65?C.

scholarly journals The occurrence of polyenoic fatty acids with greater than 22 carbon atoms in mammalian spermatozoa

1986 ◽  
Vol 240 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Poulos ◽  
P Sharp ◽  
D Johnson ◽  
I White ◽  
A Fellenberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Human Spermatozoa ◽  
Polyenoic Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa ◽  
Mammalian Spermatozoa

Fatty acids with carbon chain lengths greater than 22 (VLCFA) have been detected in boar, ram, bull and human spermatozoa. Saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids were present in all spermatozoa but, except for human spermatozoa, polyenoic fatty acids were quantitatively the most important components. Marked differences in polyenoic fatty acid composition were observed. Whereas human spermatozoa contain predominantly di-, tri- and tetraenoic fatty acids with up to 32 carbon atoms, boar, ram and bull spermatozoa also contain pentaenoic and/or hexaenoic acids with up to 34 carbon atoms. Human and boar spermatozoa differ markedly from those of the ram and bull in that only n-6 series acids are present.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF AVITAMINOSIS F

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
A. Levitsky ◽  
A. Lapinska ◽  
I. Selivanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The article analyzes the role of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 series in humans and animals. The biosynthesis of essential PUFA in humans and animals is very limited, so they must be consumed with food (feed). Тhe ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA is very important. Biomembranes of animal cells contain about 30% PUFA with a ratio of ω-6/ ω-3 1-2. As this ratio increases, the physicochemical properties of biomembranes and the functional activity of their receptors change. The regulatory function of essential PUFA is that in the body under the action of oxygenase enzymes (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) are formed extremely active hormone-like substances (eicosanoids and docosanoids), which affect a number of physiological processes: inflammation, immunity, metabolism. Moreover, ω-6 PUFA form eicosanoids, which have pro-inflammatory, immunosuppressive properties, and ω-3 PUFAs form eicosanoids and docosanoids, which have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties. Deficiency of essential PUFA, and especially ω-3 PUFA, leads to impaired development of the body and its state of health, which are manifestations of avitaminosis F. Prevention and treatment of avitaminosis F is carried out with drugs that contain PUFA. To create new, more effective vitamin F preparations, it is necessary to reproduce the model of vitamin F deficiency. An experimental model of vitamin F deficiency in white rats kept on a fat –free diet with the addition of coconut oil, which is almost completely free of unsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids make up almost 99 % of all fatty acids was developed. The total content of ω-6 PUFA (sum of linoleic and arachidonic acids), the content of ω-3 PUFA (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) in neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol esters) defined. Тhe content of ω-6 PUFA under the influence of coconut oil decreased by 3.3 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 7.5 times. Тhe influence of coconut oil, the content of ω-6 PUFA decreased by 2.1 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 2.8 times. The most strongly reduces the content of ω-3 PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic, coconut oil, starting from 5 %. Consumption of FFD with a content of 15 % coconut oil reduces the content of eicosapentaenoic acid to zero, ie we have an absolute deficiency of one of the most important essential PUFAs, which determined the presence of vitamin F deficiency.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document