scholarly journals Telomerization of Vinyl Chloride with Carbon Tetrachloride Using Amine-Cupric Chloride. Effects of Amines and Solvents

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruz\={o} Asahara ◽  
Manabu Sen\={o} ◽  
Cheng-Ching Wu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Cupric Chloride

PHOTOLYSE DE L'IODURE DE VINYLE EN SOLUTION DANS LE TETRACHLORURE DE CARBONE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2262-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre C. Roberge ◽  
Jan A. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Hydrogen Iodide ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Vinyl Iodide

The photolysis of vinyl iodide in carbon tetrachloride solutions gives several products among which the most important are: acetylene, hydrogen iodide, iodine, ethylene, and vinyl chloride. A mechanism based on diffusion-controlled disproportionation of geminate radicals, as first proposed by Hamill, agrees well with the observed phenomena. To explain the diminishing production of ethylene and iodine with increasing concentration of the monomer, it is necessary to postulate a telomerization of the vinyl iodide.

THE CHLORINATION OF METHANE

1929 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Boswell ◽  
R. R. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Cupric Chloride ◽  
Ethyl Chloride ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Scale Method ◽  
Complete Utilization

A small-scale method was first developed in which the degree of chlorination of methane to methyl chloride could be determined by analysis of the resulting gases. The optimum conditions so determined were then applied on a scale which permitted the isolation and measurement of the products. A yield of 80% or better was obtained when using as a catalyst partially-reduced cupric chloride and passing moist nitrogen, methane and chlorine in the ratios of 70:7:1 at 450 °C. It was found that the proportion of chlorine could be more than doubled when 8% of hydrogen was present in the methane. Under such conditions the chlorine was completely utilized and only methyl chloride and hydrogen chloride were formed. The yield of isolated methyl chloride obtained was nearly 80% and this could be increased by operating on a larger scale. The same catalyst was successfully used in the chlorination of methane to carbon tetrachloride. A yield of 90% was obtained, with complete utilization of the chlorine. The chlorination of ethane to ethyl chloride, with a yield of at least 75% was also shown to be possible.

Risk assessment and management of drinking water pollutants in Korea

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 309-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Yong ◽  
Shin Dongchun ◽  
Park Seongeun ◽  
Lim Yeongwook ◽  
Choi Yoonho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Water Pollutants

The contamination of drinking water supply is becoming an increasingly serious problem in Korea. In order to protect public health, there is a need to regulate drinking water pollutants. The purpose of this project, a national project for three years starting from 1992 to 1995, is to assess the health risk of pollutants in drinking water and recommend guidelines and management plans for maintaining good quality of drinking water. This study was conducted to monitor 80 species of chemicals including volatile organic compounds(VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), pesticides and metals in six major rivers and their distribution system for drinking water in Korea, and evaluate health risk due to exposure to these chemicals through four main steps of risk assessment in drinking water. In hazard identification, 80 species of chemicals were identified by the US EPA classification system. In their steps of exposure assessment, sampling of raw, treated and drinking water from the public water supply system have been conducted from 1993 to 1995, and 80 chemicals were analyzed. In dose-response assessment, cancer potencies, unit risk estimates and virtual safety doses of carcinogens were obtained by TOX-RISK, and reference doses and lifetime health advisories of noncarcinogens were calculated. Finally, in the risk characterization of detected chemicals, health risk due to exposure to carcinogens (weight of evidence, A or B) such as vinyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, benzen, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane, trihalomethanes(THMs), lead and arsenic of tap water in several cities exceeded 10−5 level. We suggest that non-regulated chemicals such as vinyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride and 1,2-dichloroethane should be monitored periodically and be regulated by the Drinking Water Management Act.

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