Physiological and ultrastructural studies on the longitudinal retractor muscle of a sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. II. Intracellular localization and translocation of activator calcium during mechanical activity

1982 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
S. Suzuki ◽  
H. Sugi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Mechanical Activity ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Stichopus Japonicus ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
High K

1. The intracellular localization and translocation of activator Ca in the longitudinal retractor muscle (LRM) of a sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus were studied by fixing the LRM in a 1% OsO4 solution containing 2% K pyroantimonate. 2. In the resting LRM fibres, electron-opaque pyroantimonate precipitate was mostly localized along the inner surface of the plasma membrane and at the subsarcolemmal vesicles in close apposition to the plasma membrane. 3. In the LRM fibres fixed during the mechanical response to ACh and high [K]0, the precipitate was diffusely distributed in the myoplasm in the form of numerous particles with corresponding decrease in the amount of the precipitate at the peripheral structures. 4. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis showed the presence of Ca in the precipitate, indicating that the precipitate provides a valid measure of Ca localization. 5. These results accord with the view that, in the LRM, the contractile mechanism is activated by the release of Ca from the intracellular structures as well as by the inward movement of extracellular Ca.

Physiological and Ultrastructural Studies on the Longitudinal Retractor Muscle of a Sea Cucumber Stichopus Japonicus: I. Factors Influencing the Mechanical Response

1982 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
H. SUGI ◽  
S. SUZUKI ◽  
T. TSUCHIYA ◽  
S. GOMI ◽  
N. FUJIEDA
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Stichopus Japonicus ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
After Effect

1. The physiological properties of contraction and the ultrastructure of the longitudinal retractor muscle (LRM) of a sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus were studied to give information about the sources of activator Ca in echinoderm somatic smooth muscles. 2. The magnitude of ACh- and K-induced contractures was dependent on [Ca]0, and both contractures were eliminated in Ca-free solution, while they were not markedly influenced by Mn ions (10 mM) and low pH (4.0). 3. Procaine (5 mM) decreased ACh-contracture tension with a long lasting after-effect, which was removed by the application of high [K]0. 4. ACh-contractures were markedly potentiated shortly after the termination of mechanical response to the removal of external Na. 5. The LRM could also be made to contract by caffeine (10 mM), the removal of external divalent cations and hypertonic solutions, indicating the presence of intracellularly stored Ca available for the activation of the contractile mechanism. 6. The LRM fibres contain poorly developed intracellular membranous structures. The inner surface of the plasma membrane and small vesicles located underneath the plasma membrane seem to be two of the sources of activator Ca.

Intracellular calcium translocation during contraction in vertebrate and invertebrate smooth muscles as studied by the pyroantimonate method

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Sugi ◽  
Suechika Suzuki ◽  
Tateo Daimon
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Mechanical Activity ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Electron Microscopic

The intracellular localization of activator Ca and its translocation during the mechanical activity were studied on vertebrate and invertebrate smooth muscles by fixing muscle fibers with a 1% OsO4 solution containing 2% potassium pyroantimonate for electron microscopic examination. When guinea-pig tacnia coli, Mytilus anterior byssal retractor muscle, and Dorabella longitudinal body wall muscle were fixed during the relaxed state, electron-opaque pyroantimonate precipitate containing Ca was localized along the inner surface of the plasma membrane and at other membranous structures in close apposition to the plasma membrane, in accordance with physiological evidence that these muscles contain intracellularly stored activator Ca. When they were fixed during the contracted state, the precipitate was distributed diffusely in the myoplasm in the form of small particles, indicating the release of activator Ca from the peripheral structures. The contraction in dog coronary artery smooth muscle appears to be associated with the inward movement of extracellular Ca. In accordance with this, the resting coronary artery muscle fibers exhibited the precipitate in the lumen of the caveolae, i.e., the bottle-shaped plasma membrane invaginations, but not at the peripheral intracellular structures, though the contracted fibers showed the diffuse distribution of the precipitate in the myoplasm. These results indicate that the pyroantimonate method is very effective in studying the translocation of activator Ca in various types of smooth muscle.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural and physiological studies on the longitudinal body wall muscle of Dolabella auricularia. II. Localization of intracellular calcium and its translocation during mechanical activity.

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Suzuki ◽  
H Sugi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Body Wall Muscle ◽  
Mechanical Activity ◽  
Relaxation Cycle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dolabella Auricularia ◽  
Inner Surface

The localization of Ca-accumulating structures in the longitudinal body wall muscle (LBWM) of the opisthobranch mollusc Dolabella auricularia and their role in the contraction-relaxation cycle were studied by fixing the LBWM fibers at rest and during mechanical response to 400 mM K or to 10(-4)--10(-3) M acetylcholine in a 1% OsO4 solution containing 2% K pyroantimonate. In the resting fibers, electron-opaque pyroantimonate precipitate was mostly localized at the peripheral structures, i.e., along the inner surface of the plasma membrane, at the membrane of the surface tubules, and at the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In the fibers fixed during mechanical activity, the precipitate was diffusely distributed in the myoplasm in the form of numerous particles with corresponding decrease in the amount of the precipitate at the peripheral structures. Electron-probe X-ray microanalysis showed the presence of Ca in the precipitate, indicating that the precipitate may serve as a measure of Ca localization. These results are in accord with the view that, in the LBWM, the Ca stored in the peripheral structures is released into the myoplasm to activate the contractile mechanism.

X-ray analysis of Lymnaea stagnalis muscle fibres does not suggest that the sarcolemma is permeable to lanthanum ions

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
L.S. Swales ◽  
D.R. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organelle ◽  
Heart Ventricle ◽  
Transverse Tubules ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer

The cross-striated muscle from the heart ventricle and the smooth penis retractor muscle of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis have been investigated by X-ray microanalysis to establish whether lanthanum can cross the plasma membrane, as has been reported by other investigators. Tissues were incubated in 1 mM ionic lanthanum before fixation in phosphate- or cacodylate-buffered fixative. X-ray mapping for emissions in the lanthanum energy range indicates a concentration of emissions that coincided only with the network of sub-surface transverse tubules formed by the invagination of the plasma membrane and with the plasma membrane/extracellular space interface. X-ray energy spectra were collected from various cell compartments; peak-to-background ratios were obtained and analysed statistically. Cacodylate buffer is less effective than phosphate buffer in precipitating lanthanum, but no evidence to suggest the redistribution of lanthanum in cacodylate-buffered preparations was found. Lanthanum is precipitated only in the sub-surface transverse tubules and at the plasma membrane/extracellular space interface in both heart ventricle muscle and penis retractor muscle, fixed in either phosphate or cacodylate buffer. There was no evidence of lanthanum precipitation in the background cytoplasm or on any cytoplasmic organelle. These results confirm our hypothesis that lanthanum does not cross the plasma membranes in these molluscan tissues.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATION ON ACTIVE TENSION IN THE LONGITUDINAL RETRACTOR MUSCLE OF A SEA CUCUMBER STICHOPUS JAPONICUS

1994 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kobayashi ◽  
H Ushitani ◽  
H Wada ◽  
J Inoue ◽  
T Kawakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Peak Amplitude ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Active Tension ◽  
Stichopus Japonicus ◽  
Slack Length

1. The effect of mechanical vibration on active tension in an echinoderm somatic smooth muscle was studied using the longitudinal retractor muscle (LRM) of a sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. 2. The steady contracture tension in LRM fibres maximally activated with 10(-3) mol l-1 acetylcholine (ACh) was reduced by vibrations (peak-to-peak amplitude, 0.5­2.5 % of l0, where l0 is the slack length of the muscle; frequency, 5­100 Hz). The extent of reduction of active contracture tension increased with increasing amplitude of vibration, but it did not change appreciably with increasing frequency of vibration. 3. The steady contracture tension in LRM fibres submaximally activated with 10(-5) mol l-1 ACh was more markedly reduced by vibrations than was that in maximally activated fibres. 4. The vibration-induced reduction of active contracture tension disappeared when temperature was lowered from 20­23 to 0 °C. 5. The development of contracture tension in LRM fibres activated with ACh was not affected by mechanical vibration. 6. These results are discussed in connection with the vibration-induced decrease in the rate of breakage of the actin­myosin linkages responsible for isometric force generation.

Electron microscopy of endocardial cell populations

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 486-487
Author(s):  
T. G. Sarphie ◽  
C. R. Comer ◽  
D. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cellular Transformation ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Kb Cells ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Endocardial Cell

Previous ultrastructural studies have characterized surface morphology during norma cell cycles in an attempt to associate specific changes with specific metabolic processes occurring within the cell. It is now known that during the synthetic ("S") stage of the cycle, when DNA and other nuclear components are synthesized, a cel undergoes a doubling in volume that is accompanied by an increase in surface area whereby its plasma membrane is elaborated into a variety of processes originally referred to as microvilli. In addition, changes in the normal distribution of glycoproteins and polysaccharides derived from cell surfaces have been reported as depreciating after cellular transformation by RNA or DNA viruses and have been associated with the state of growth, irregardless of the rate of proliferation. More specifically, examination of the surface carbohydrate content of synchronous KB cells were shown to be markedly reduced as the cell population approached division Comparison of hamster kidney fibroblasts inhibited by vinblastin sulfate while in metaphase with those not in metaphase demonstrated an appreciable decrease in surface carbohydrate in the former.

Type I collagen from sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) and the role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in autolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 100959
Author(s):  
Long-Jie Yan ◽  
Le-Chang Sun ◽  
Kai-Yuan Cao ◽  
Yu-Lei Chen ◽  
Ling-Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Type I ◽  
Stichopus Japonicus

Unambiguous Intracellular Localization and Quantification of a Potent Iridium Anticancer Compound by Correlative 3D Cryo X‐Ray Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1270-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Javier Conesa ◽  
Ana C. Carrasco ◽  
Vanessa Rodríguez‐Fanjul ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
José L. Carrascosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Anticancer Compound
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