Physiological and Ultrastructural Studies on the Longitudinal Retractor Muscle of a Sea Cucumber Stichopus Japonicus: I. Factors Influencing the Mechanical Response

1982 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
H. SUGI ◽  
S. SUZUKI ◽  
T. TSUCHIYA ◽  
S. GOMI ◽  
N. FUJIEDA
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Stichopus Japonicus ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
After Effect

1. The physiological properties of contraction and the ultrastructure of the longitudinal retractor muscle (LRM) of a sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus were studied to give information about the sources of activator Ca in echinoderm somatic smooth muscles. 2. The magnitude of ACh- and K-induced contractures was dependent on [Ca]0, and both contractures were eliminated in Ca-free solution, while they were not markedly influenced by Mn ions (10 mM) and low pH (4.0). 3. Procaine (5 mM) decreased ACh-contracture tension with a long lasting after-effect, which was removed by the application of high [K]0. 4. ACh-contractures were markedly potentiated shortly after the termination of mechanical response to the removal of external Na. 5. The LRM could also be made to contract by caffeine (10 mM), the removal of external divalent cations and hypertonic solutions, indicating the presence of intracellularly stored Ca available for the activation of the contractile mechanism. 6. The LRM fibres contain poorly developed intracellular membranous structures. The inner surface of the plasma membrane and small vesicles located underneath the plasma membrane seem to be two of the sources of activator Ca.

Physiological and ultrastructural studies on the longitudinal retractor muscle of a sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. II. Intracellular localization and translocation of activator calcium during mechanical activity

1982 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
S. Suzuki ◽  
H. Sugi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Mechanical Activity ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Stichopus Japonicus ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
High K

1. The intracellular localization and translocation of activator Ca in the longitudinal retractor muscle (LRM) of a sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus were studied by fixing the LRM in a 1% OsO4 solution containing 2% K pyroantimonate. 2. In the resting LRM fibres, electron-opaque pyroantimonate precipitate was mostly localized along the inner surface of the plasma membrane and at the subsarcolemmal vesicles in close apposition to the plasma membrane. 3. In the LRM fibres fixed during the mechanical response to ACh and high [K]0, the precipitate was diffusely distributed in the myoplasm in the form of numerous particles with corresponding decrease in the amount of the precipitate at the peripheral structures. 4. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis showed the presence of Ca in the precipitate, indicating that the precipitate provides a valid measure of Ca localization. 5. These results accord with the view that, in the LRM, the contractile mechanism is activated by the release of Ca from the intracellular structures as well as by the inward movement of extracellular Ca.

Intracellular calcium translocation during contraction in vertebrate and invertebrate smooth muscles as studied by the pyroantimonate method

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Sugi ◽  
Suechika Suzuki ◽  
Tateo Daimon
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Mechanical Activity ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Electron Microscopic

The intracellular localization of activator Ca and its translocation during the mechanical activity were studied on vertebrate and invertebrate smooth muscles by fixing muscle fibers with a 1% OsO4 solution containing 2% potassium pyroantimonate for electron microscopic examination. When guinea-pig tacnia coli, Mytilus anterior byssal retractor muscle, and Dorabella longitudinal body wall muscle were fixed during the relaxed state, electron-opaque pyroantimonate precipitate containing Ca was localized along the inner surface of the plasma membrane and at other membranous structures in close apposition to the plasma membrane, in accordance with physiological evidence that these muscles contain intracellularly stored activator Ca. When they were fixed during the contracted state, the precipitate was distributed diffusely in the myoplasm in the form of small particles, indicating the release of activator Ca from the peripheral structures. The contraction in dog coronary artery smooth muscle appears to be associated with the inward movement of extracellular Ca. In accordance with this, the resting coronary artery muscle fibers exhibited the precipitate in the lumen of the caveolae, i.e., the bottle-shaped plasma membrane invaginations, but not at the peripheral intracellular structures, though the contracted fibers showed the diffuse distribution of the precipitate in the myoplasm. These results indicate that the pyroantimonate method is very effective in studying the translocation of activator Ca in various types of smooth muscle.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATION ON ACTIVE TENSION IN THE LONGITUDINAL RETRACTOR MUSCLE OF A SEA CUCUMBER STICHOPUS JAPONICUS

1994 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kobayashi ◽  
H Ushitani ◽  
H Wada ◽  
J Inoue ◽  
T Kawakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Peak Amplitude ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Active Tension ◽  
Stichopus Japonicus ◽  
Slack Length

1. The effect of mechanical vibration on active tension in an echinoderm somatic smooth muscle was studied using the longitudinal retractor muscle (LRM) of a sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. 2. The steady contracture tension in LRM fibres maximally activated with 10(-3) mol l-1 acetylcholine (ACh) was reduced by vibrations (peak-to-peak amplitude, 0.5­2.5 % of l0, where l0 is the slack length of the muscle; frequency, 5­100 Hz). The extent of reduction of active contracture tension increased with increasing amplitude of vibration, but it did not change appreciably with increasing frequency of vibration. 3. The steady contracture tension in LRM fibres submaximally activated with 10(-5) mol l-1 ACh was more markedly reduced by vibrations than was that in maximally activated fibres. 4. The vibration-induced reduction of active contracture tension disappeared when temperature was lowered from 20­23 to 0 °C. 5. The development of contracture tension in LRM fibres activated with ACh was not affected by mechanical vibration. 6. These results are discussed in connection with the vibration-induced decrease in the rate of breakage of the actin­myosin linkages responsible for isometric force generation.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural and physiological studies on the longitudinal body wall muscle of Dolabella auricularia. I. Mechanical response and ultrastructure.

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Sugi ◽  
S Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Membrane Depolarization ◽  
Body Wall Muscle ◽  
Free Solution ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Dolabella Auricularia

The physiological properties of mechanical response and the ultrastructure in the longitudinal body wall muscle (LBWM) of the opisthobranch mollusc Dolabella auricularia were studied to obtain information about excitation-contraction coupling in somatic smooth muscles responsible for smooth and slow body movement of molluscans. The contracture tension produced by 400 mM K was not affected by Mn ions (5--10 mM) and low pH (up to 4.0), but was reduced by procaine (2 mM). The K-contracture tension was not readily eliminated in a Ca-free solution containing ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate (EGTA). A large contracture tension was also produced by rapid cooling of the surrounding fluid from 20 degrees to 5 degrees--3 degrees C even when the preparation showed no mechanical response to 400 mM K after prolonged (more than 2 h) soaking in the Ca-free solution. These results indicate that the LBWM fibers contain a large amount of intracellularly stored Ca which can be effectively released by membrane depolarization. The fibers were connected with each other, forming the gap junctions, the desmosomes, and the intermediate junctions. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) consisted of vesicular and tubular elements, and was mostly located near the fiber surface. The plasma membrane showed marked tubular invaginations of 600-800 A in diameter, with many branches (surface tubules), extending inwards for approximately 2 micron. These surface tubules were closely apposed to the SR, and the bridgelike structures analogous to those in the triadic junction of vertebrate skeletal muscle were observed in the space between the surface tubules and the SR. It is suggested that the influence of membrane depolarization is transmitted inwards along the surface tubules to cause the release of Ca from the SR.

Electron microscopy of endocardial cell populations

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 486-487
Author(s):  
T. G. Sarphie ◽  
C. R. Comer ◽  
D. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cellular Transformation ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Kb Cells ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Endocardial Cell

Previous ultrastructural studies have characterized surface morphology during norma cell cycles in an attempt to associate specific changes with specific metabolic processes occurring within the cell. It is now known that during the synthetic ("S") stage of the cycle, when DNA and other nuclear components are synthesized, a cel undergoes a doubling in volume that is accompanied by an increase in surface area whereby its plasma membrane is elaborated into a variety of processes originally referred to as microvilli. In addition, changes in the normal distribution of glycoproteins and polysaccharides derived from cell surfaces have been reported as depreciating after cellular transformation by RNA or DNA viruses and have been associated with the state of growth, irregardless of the rate of proliferation. More specifically, examination of the surface carbohydrate content of synchronous KB cells were shown to be markedly reduced as the cell population approached division Comparison of hamster kidney fibroblasts inhibited by vinblastin sulfate while in metaphase with those not in metaphase demonstrated an appreciable decrease in surface carbohydrate in the former.

Type I collagen from sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) and the role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in autolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 100959
Author(s):  
Long-Jie Yan ◽  
Le-Chang Sun ◽  
Kai-Yuan Cao ◽  
Yu-Lei Chen ◽  
Ling-Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Type I ◽  
Stichopus Japonicus

scholarly journals The Platelet Dense Tubular System: Its Relationship of Prostaglandin Synthesis and Calcium Flux

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Gerrard ◽  
James G. White
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Calcium Flux ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Tubular System ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Columnar Cells

Evidence that the dense tubular system (DTS) is the site of platelet prostaglandin synthesis derives from several observations. First platelet peroxidase is localized in the DTS. Aminotriazole which inhibits the platelet peroxidase, inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis at the same concentration. Secondly, a similar peroxidase occurs in the secretory cells of the sheep vesicular gland (SVG) and other cells known to be involved in prostaglandin synthesis. Third, the DTS is smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and SER, which is abundant in the prostaglandin synthesizing columnar cells of the SVG secretory units, is known to be involved in lipid synthesis and metabolism in other tissues. Evidence that calcium is stored in the DTS derives from ultrastructural studies showing that the DTS is analagous to the sarcotubules of skeletal muscle, and that the DTS has the capacity to bind divalent cations. Evidence that calcium flux and prostaglandin synthesis are closely linked comes from several observations which suggest 1) that movement of calcium ions to the site where arachidonic acid (AA) is released from the precursor phospholipids to be used for synthesis of prostaglandins, stimulates the AA release and 2) that synthesized prostaglandin G2, prostaglandin H2, and/or thromboxane A2 initiate platelet contraction by moving calcium from the site of synthesis to the vicinity of the contractile actin and myosin. The results suggest that the DTS, prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis, and calcium flux are integral parts of the system modulating platelet activation.

scholarly journals Septin-dependent compartmentalization of the endoplasmic reticulum during yeast polarized growth

2005 ◽  
Vol 169 (6) ◽  
pp. 897-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosima Luedeke ◽  
Stéphanie Buvelot Frei ◽  
Ivo Sbalzarini ◽  
Heinz Schwarz ◽  
Anne Spang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Diffusion Barriers ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protein Diffusion ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Bud Neck ◽  
Er Membrane

Polarized cells frequently use diffusion barriers to separate plasma membrane domains. It is unknown whether diffusion barriers also compartmentalize intracellular organelles. We used photobleaching techniques to characterize protein diffusion in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although a soluble protein diffused rapidly throughout the ER lumen, diffusion of ER membrane proteins was restricted at the bud neck. Ultrastructural studies and fluorescence microscopy revealed the presence of a ring of smooth ER at the bud neck. This ER domain and the restriction of diffusion for ER membrane proteins through the bud neck depended on septin function. The membrane-associated protein Bud6 localized to the bud neck in a septin-dependent manner and was required to restrict the diffusion of ER membrane proteins. Our results indicate that Bud6 acts downstream of septins to assemble a fence in the ER membrane at the bud neck. Thus, in polarized yeast cells, diffusion barriers compartmentalize the ER and the plasma membrane along parallel lines.

scholarly journals Cell-Like Mechanical Response in Passive Plasma Membrane Vesicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 273a
Author(s):  
Jan Steinkühler ◽  
Tripta Bhatia ◽  
Iztok Urbančič ◽  
Erdinc Sezgin ◽  
Martin Westermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Plasma Membrane Vesicles
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