scholarly journals A technique for repeated sampling of the blood of individual resting fish

1975 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Soivio ◽  
K. Nynolm ◽  
K. Westman
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Blood Parameter ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cannulation Technique ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
General Variation ◽  
Parameter Values

A dorsal cannulation technique is described. It has been employed for repeated blood sampling in unanaesthetized rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) kept singly in special receptacles described in the paper. The level of the studied haematological parameters (Haematocrit, Hb, glucose, lactate, K+, Na+, Ca2+) differed between fish kept in receptacles for 1 week and free-swimming fish, most probably owing to differences in the motility of the fish. The receptacle seems to minimize visual and handling disturbances, and permits both the standardization of experimental conditions and quick and easy sampling via the dorsal aorta cannula. The general variation in the blood parameter values was very small compared with the previously reported variation in such values for rainbow trout.

DORSAL AORTIC BLOOD PRESSURES RECORDED FROM THE RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI)

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Randall ◽  
L. S. Smith ◽  
J. R. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Cannulation Technique ◽  
Blood Pressures

Dorsal aortic blood pressures were recorded from unanesthetized, free-swimming intact fish by a previously described cannulation technique. Some cardiovascular and breathing changes during recovery from the operation and anesthesia are reported. Dorsal aortic systolic blood pressures of 38.7 ± 2.9 mm Hg were recorded from unrestrained intact trout (Salmo gairdneri). A limited study indicated that there were no variations in dorsal aortic systolic blood pressure with changes in oxygen consumption in quiescent fish.

Observations on the life-cycle of the strigeoid trematode, Apatemon (Apatemon) gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819) Szidat, 1928

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Blair
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Stone Loach ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Pericardial Cavity ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe life-cycle of Apatemon (A.) gracilis was completed in the laboratory. The snail host is Lymnaeaperegra (Müller). The cercaria is redescribed from a wide range of material. Metacercariae were found in naturally infected rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson), three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatiis L.) and stone loach (Nemacheilus barbatulus (L.)) from Scotland and in three-spined sticklebacks from Iceland. In trout, most metacercariae were found in the pericardial cavity, in sticklebacks, the eye, and in loach, the body cavity. In infection experiments, cercariae from naturally infected Scottish snails developed in threespined sticklebacks, rainbow trout and brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). Under experimental conditions cercariae did not penetrate stone loach, although this species is naturally infected with A gracilis. The phenomenon of fish host specificity is briefly discussed. Development of the metacercaria is described. Excystation of metacercarial cysts with pepsin and trypsin solutions is unlike that reported for any other digenean; the contents of the cyst appear to be under pressure. In pepsin, layers of the cyst wall peel back from one end. When transferred to trypsin, one pole of the cyst ruptures and the worm is forcibly expelled.

Digestibilité chez la Truite arc-en-ciel (Salmo gairdneri) lors de l'adaptation à un nouveau régime alimentaire

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2218-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. de la Noüe ◽  
G. Choubert ◽  
B. Pagniez ◽  
J.-M. Blanc ◽  
P. Luquet
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Régime Alimentaire ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Lag Period

We have investigated the experimental conditions necessary to obtain accurate digestibility coefficients in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). These conditions concern the lag period which should be observed after changing the diet, the duration of feces collection, and the number of replicates. Every day we collected automatically and then analyzed the feces of five groups of 15 fish each during the 20 d following the administration of a new diet. As early as the 3rd d after changing the diet, digestibility coefficients took definitive values characteristic of that diet. Thus, there were no adaptation phenomena; we observed only a lag period associated with digestive transit rate. Feces may be collected as soon as on the 3rd d after changing the diet. Finally, "number of replicates × number of days" combinations were established to obtain a given accuracy of digestibility coefficients.

Growth dynamics of mosaic muscle fibres in fingerling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in relation to somatic growth rate

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1535-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Weatherley ◽  
H. S. Gill ◽  
S. C. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rate Condition ◽  
Epaxial Muscle

We examined the effects of varying water temperature (5, 12, 20 °C), ration size (ad libitum, and 3–4% of dry body weight per day), and injection of bovine growth hormone, on the growth characteristics of the epaxial muscle in laboratory-reared rainbow trout. Although the experimental conditions resulted in differences in growth rate, condition factor (K = W/L3 × 102) and dry weight, we found that, below a fork length of 18–20 cm, an increase in the cross-sectional area of the epaxial muscle occurs mainly by the addition of new fibres. However, between 20 and 25 cm the increase evidently results mainly from an increase in diameter of existing fibres. The relationship between fibre diameter frequency and fork length is characterized, and the implications of this relationship in limiting growth of this species is discussed.

Evaluation of Erythrocyte δ-amino Levulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity as a Short-Term Indicator in Fish of a Harmful Exposure to Lead

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hodson ◽  
Beverley R. Blunt ◽  
Douglas J. Spry ◽  
Keith Austen
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Acid Dehydratase ◽  
Amino Levulinic Acid

The activity of erythrocyte δ-amino levulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) of fish is easily measured under a variety of experimental conditions. Exposure of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and pumpkinseeds (Lepomis gibbosus) to lead consistently inhibited ALA-D within 2 wks at concentrations as low as 10, 90, 470, and 90 μg/ℓ, respectively. In rainbow and brook trout these concentrations were closely related to the published minimum effective concentrations causing sublethal harm. There was a significant linear relationship between ALA-D activity and log of blood lead concentration, between ALA-D activity and log of lead in water, and between blood lead and lead in water. Near lethal exposures to cadmium, copper, zinc, and mercury did not significantly inhibit ALA-D activity. Recovery of ALA-D activity of rainbow trout after transfer from 120 μg/ℓ lead to clean water occurred in 8 wk. This enzyme provides fast, consistent, specific, and sensitive estimates of lead concentrations causing sublethal harm to fish and may help to relate sources of lead to degree of exposure of fish populations in the field. Key words: lead, sublethal toxicity, fish, indicator enzyme, δ-amino levulinic acid dehydratase

Simple and Rapid Technique for Repeated Blood Sampling in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lied ◽  
J. Gjerde ◽  
O. R. Braekkan
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Rapid Technique ◽  
Rapid Sampling ◽  
Observation Period

A method for repeated blood sampling from small as well as large fish by puncturing the duct of Cuvier is described. The method is simple and makes possible rapid sampling of relatively large volumes of blood. The method is thought to be less stressing for the fish than earlier methods described. Application of the technique to 20- and 300-g trout resulted in no deaths or apparent damage during a 1-mo observation period.

Changes in Glycogen, Pyruvate and Lactate in Rainbow Trout Salmo gairdneri) During and Following Muscular Activity

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar C. Black ◽  
Anne Robertson Connor ◽  
Kwok-Cheung Lam ◽  
Wing-Gay Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Severe Exercise

Experiments upon muscular fatigue in [Formula: see text]-year-old rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were carried out at the trout hatchery at Summerland, British Columbia during the summers of 1958 and 1959. Observations were made on hemoglobin, water content of muscle and whole blood, muscle and liver glycogen, and pyruvate and lactate in muscle, blood and liver. Experimental conditions included 30 min moderate activity, 2–15 min severe exercise, and recovery up to 24 hr following 15 min severe exercise. The results for hemoglobin, muscle and liver glycogen and blood lactate were similar to those reported earlier. Muscle glycogen was depleted 50% or more in the first 2 min of severe activity. Correlated with this rapid depletion of glycogen was a sudden accumulation of muscle pyruvate and lactate. Pyruvate and lactate likewise increased in the blood. While the disappearance of both pyruvate and lactate from muscle began immediately upon cessation of activity, resting levels were not approached until the 8th hr of recovery. During recovery, the levels of pyruvate and lactate in the blood after severe exercise continued to increase for the first hour, remained elevated for at least 8 hr and did not return to the resting level until the 12th–24th hr. Muscle glycogen was not restored above half the resting level at the end of 24 hr. Interpretations of the data in relation to metabolism in rainbow trout are discussed.

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