Growth dynamics of mosaic muscle fibres in fingerling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in relation to somatic growth rate

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1535-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Weatherley ◽  
H. S. Gill ◽  
S. C. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rate Condition ◽  
Epaxial Muscle

We examined the effects of varying water temperature (5, 12, 20 °C), ration size (ad libitum, and 3–4% of dry body weight per day), and injection of bovine growth hormone, on the growth characteristics of the epaxial muscle in laboratory-reared rainbow trout. Although the experimental conditions resulted in differences in growth rate, condition factor (K = W/L3 × 102) and dry weight, we found that, below a fork length of 18–20 cm, an increase in the cross-sectional area of the epaxial muscle occurs mainly by the addition of new fibres. However, between 20 and 25 cm the increase evidently results mainly from an increase in diameter of existing fibres. The relationship between fibre diameter frequency and fork length is characterized, and the implications of this relationship in limiting growth of this species is discussed.

Growth dynamics of muscle fibres, dry weight, and condition in relation to somatic growth rate in yearling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2385-2392 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Weatherley ◽  
H. S. Gill ◽  
S. C. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Somatic Growth Rate ◽  
Fibre Number

Rainbow trout (15.5 cm) fed "ad lib." rations grew a little faster at 12 °C than at 16 °C, and both groups grew much faster than a third group at 12 °C receiving "3–4%" rations. Growth of the mosaic muscle mass was characterized by increase in fibre mean diameter, though most bulk increase (up to 25 cm or more) resulted from increase in fibre number. Fibre diameter: fish length was least in the fastest growing trout (12 °C ad lib.), signifying their greater ability to add new fibres during growth compared with the slower growing trout; diameter range increased markedly among trout > 18 cm long, but small fibres (< 20 μm) persisted in diminishing numbers even in the largest trout. In the 12 °C ad lib. trout, condition (K) correlated with length and fibre diameter; in the slower growing groups K was more influenced by mean fibre diameter. A higher asymptote of K occurred at greater length in the fastest growing group than in the two slower growing groups. Percent dry weight: length was greater for 16 °C ad lib. than for the fastest or slowest growth groups; absolute dry weight: length ratios were similar for 12 °C and 16 °C ad lib. trout; both exceeded those for the 12 °C 3-4% group.

Differences in Swimming Performance Among Strains of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan E. Thomas ◽  
Michael J. Donahoo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Fish Swimming ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Performance Profiles

Swimming performance profiles, relating fish size to swimming time, were established for three strains of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). No differences were found in slope of regressions; only in level at each size of fish. Swimming performances of New Zealand and Sand Creek strains did not differ, but were superior to the Manchester strain. In stamina results from 189-day-old fish from individual matings of seven strains and various crosses, similar strains and crosses had closely matching profiles whereas profiles of unrelated groups were variable. Comparison of slowest, average, and fastest growing fish within the New Zealand strain showed that swimming ability was not related to growth rate.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of the myotomal musculo-skeletal system of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

1985 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Johnsrude ◽  
P. W. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Muscle System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mechanical Power Output ◽  
Fast Start

Net forces and velocities resulting from in situ contractions of the myotomal musculature on one side of the body were measured at the hypural bones. Forces, velocities and power were determined with the body bent into a range of postures typical of those observed during fast-start swimming. For trout averaging 0.178 m in length and 0.0605 kg in body mass, the muscle system exerts a maximum normal force of 2.2N at the base of the caudal fin. This force is equivalent to 11.8 kN m-2 based on the mean cross-sectional area of the myotomal muscle. The maximum velocity was 1.11 m s-1, and the maximum mechanical power output, 0.64 W, or 42.4 W kg-1 muscle. Based on estimates of swimming resistance, these results would suggest acceleration rates of 7.5 to 16.5 m s-2, similar to averages observed during fast-starts. Maximum sprint speeds would range from 6.5 to 17.8 body lengths s-1, spanning the range of maximum speeds reported in the literature. It is suggested that maximum speed is limited by interactions between muscle contraction frequency and endurance. Losses in the mechanical linkages between muscle fibres and propulsive surfaces were estimated at about 50% for power with possibly greater losses in force transmission. Maximum force and power did not vary over the range of postures tested, supporting Alexander's (1969) suggestions that white muscle should contract over a small portion of the resting length of the fibres.

Observations on the life-cycle of the strigeoid trematode, Apatemon (Apatemon) gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819) Szidat, 1928

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Blair
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Stone Loach ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Pericardial Cavity ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe life-cycle of Apatemon (A.) gracilis was completed in the laboratory. The snail host is Lymnaeaperegra (Müller). The cercaria is redescribed from a wide range of material. Metacercariae were found in naturally infected rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson), three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatiis L.) and stone loach (Nemacheilus barbatulus (L.)) from Scotland and in three-spined sticklebacks from Iceland. In trout, most metacercariae were found in the pericardial cavity, in sticklebacks, the eye, and in loach, the body cavity. In infection experiments, cercariae from naturally infected Scottish snails developed in threespined sticklebacks, rainbow trout and brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). Under experimental conditions cercariae did not penetrate stone loach, although this species is naturally infected with A gracilis. The phenomenon of fish host specificity is briefly discussed. Development of the metacercaria is described. Excystation of metacercarial cysts with pepsin and trypsin solutions is unlike that reported for any other digenean; the contents of the cyst appear to be under pressure. In pepsin, layers of the cyst wall peel back from one end. When transferred to trypsin, one pole of the cyst ruptures and the worm is forcibly expelled.

Effect of Growth Rate and Size of Fish on Rate of Intoxication by Waterfoorne Lead

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1243-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hodson ◽  
D. George Dixon ◽  
Douglas J. Spry ◽  
D. M. Whittle ◽  
John B. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Threshold Size ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout

Three experiments were undertaken to test the null hypotheses that increasing fish size and growth rate do not increase the rate of intoxication of fish by lead. The first experiment demonstrated that there were no significant correlations between weight of fish and either whole-body or blood lead concentrations in feral lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). The whole-body lead concentration of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) was, however, negatively correlated to wet weight.During the second experiment, an 8-d laboratory exposure of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to 100 μg/L of total waterborne lead caused a greater uptake of lead by opercular bone in small fish than in larger fish. No relationship was apparent between fish weight and uptake of lead by blood.Chronic exposure of juvenile rainbow trout to lead results in the development of black tails, a symptom of neurotoxicity. The final experiment related the incidence and prevalence of black tails to size and growth rate (ration level) of juvenile rainbow trout chronically exposed to 543 μg/L of total waterborne lead starting with the sac-fry stage. At weights below a common threshold size of 1.5–2.5 g, no black tails occurred; above this threshold the incidence of black tails was a function of growth rate, i.e. the rate at which fish reached the threshold size. The prevalence of black tails was always less in slowly growing fish.These experiments demonstrated that the rate of intoxication by lead, as indicated by uptake rates into tissues and the incidence and prevalence of a symptom of neurotoxicity, did not increase with fish size, but rather with growth rate.Key words: fish, toxicity, lead, fish size, growth rate, neurotoxicity, uptake

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