Frog Fast Muscle

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. PENNYCUICK
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mechanical Power Output ◽  
Series Compliance ◽  
Release Method ◽  
Speed Of Shortening ◽  
Made In

1. Methods which have been used in the past for estimating internal series compliance are discussed. 2. A new method is described in which measurements of (a) rate of change of tension, and (b) speed of shortening are made in the isometric and isotonic phases respectively of a contraction containing a transition from one type of contraction to the other. If the mechanical power output of the muscle is assumed the same just before and just after the transition, the total series compliance can be obtained. 3. The method is found to agree with Wilkie's quick-release method, provided parallel elastic structures are not carrying significant tension at the transition.

scholarly journals The Integration of Radiocarbon Dating in Archaeology

Radiocarbon ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
H T Waterbolk
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
The Past

In the past 30 years many hundreds of archaeologic samples have been dated by radiocarbon laboratories. Yet, one cannot say that 14C dating is fully integrated into archaeology. For many archaeologists, a 14C date is an outside expertise, for which they are grateful, when it provides the answer to an otherwise insoluble chronologic problem and when it falls within the expected time range. But if a 14C date contradicts other chronologic evidence, they often find the ‘solution’ inexplicable. Some archaeologists are so impressed by the new method, that they neglect the other evidence; others simply reject problematic 14C dates as archaeologically unacceptable. Frequently, excavation reports are provided with an appendix listing the relevant 14C dates with little or no discussion of their implication. It is rare, indeed, to see in archaeologic reports a careful weighing of the various types of chronologic evidence. Yet, this is precisely what the archaeologist is accustomed to do with the evidence from his traditional methods for building up a chronology: typology and stratigraphy. Why should he not be able to include radiocarbon dates in the same way in his considerations?

Notes and records of the Royal Society of London

1946 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
General Problem ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standing Committee ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Fundamental Science ◽  
Made In

A Conference of Fellows was held in the rooms of the Royal Society on 10 May 1945 to discuss certain questions arising from the Report on the Needs of Research in Fundamental Science, particularly in relation to ‘ rare subjects ’ in the universities. As a result of this meeting, a memorandum was drawn up by Professor A. V. Hill, then Biological Secretary. This memorandum, slightly abridged, was in the following terms: Under existing conditions there are various subjects of study for which little or no provision is made in any of the universities of the United Kingdom. There are sub/branches of subjects the study of which might be held to fall within the duties of some existing depart' ment but which, in fact, have been almost neglected. O n the other hand, there are subjects for which too widespread provision has been made in the past or for which too great a dispersion of effort has proved unhealthy. Certain subjects do not need to be studied at a higher level in more than a few places. A t Sir Charles Darwin’s suggestion to the Secretaries, a Conference was called at the Royal Society on 10 May to consider the general problem. Seventeen Fellows were present. A t this Conference it was decided to ask the Council of the Royal Society to invite the co-operation of the Sectional Committees, and of the newly formed Standing Committee on Agricultural Science, to explore it further.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW METHOD OF SEISMIC VELOCITY DETERMINATION

Geophysics ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Kokesh
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Explosive Charge ◽  
Velocity Measurement ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
New Method ◽  
Seismic Velocities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Velocity Information ◽  
Made In

The conventional method of making velocity surveys in bore holes is inherently expensive, time consuming, and inconvenient, and has a tendency towards non‐uniformity of results. With increasing recognition of the importance of seismic velocity information in the evaluation of seismograph data, the attention of geophysicists is turning towards means of overcoming the obstacles standing in the way of obtaining velocity information in greater volume. Considerable interest has recently been aroused in a new method of measuring seismic velocities wherein the explosive charge is placed in the hole and the seismic energy is picked up with multiple detector groups placed on the surface. Experimentation carried on during the past year indicates that the new method is quite workable. Casing perforator guns of the conventional bullet type have given results to depths exceeding 8,000 ft. with complete safety. Some experimentation with primacord as the explosive has given encouragement as a means of increasing the depth at which the method may be used. Substantial improvements have been made in the manner of obtaining the time break. This paper attempts to outline the basic problems of velocities and their measurement and describes the preliminary development that has been done thus far on the new method of velocity measurement.

scholarly journals New Method to Calculate the Level of Consistency of the Pauli & Kraepelin Tests

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigit Haryadi ◽  
Salma Huda California
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Made In

In this paper, we proposed a modification of the measurement of the personality consistency level of the Pauli & Kraepelin Test in the field of psychology, using the formula made in April 2016, by Sigit Haryadi, and named "the Harmony in Gradation" or “the Haryadi Index”. The purpose of this proposal is because the existing formula uses only the mean value of the deviation, which leads to the possibility that the result of consistency measurement on people whose facts are different levels of consistency will be considered to have the same consistency level, on the other hand, the proposed method will be more accurate and precise in terms of providing an assessment of the level of personality consistency of a person.

On the need of reaching the origins of security – an introduction to the discussion

2019 ◽  
Vol Special Issue ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Bernard Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Security Testing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cognitive Context ◽  
Security Research ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

This article presents basic issues concerning security research in the past, called reaching the origins of security. Reaching the origins is not a concept that finds its rightful place in security research. It has been used and thus fixed permanently in other areas, therefore, the issues discussed in this article concern problems from many fields of knowledge. Security testing covers a number of processes, including retrospective ones, the essence of which is a scientific look into the past. Reaching the origins, all in all, makes it possible to identify the sources of danger and the requirements to be met for safety to reach an acceptable level. It allows, on the one hand, to prevent the recurrence of these sources and, on the other hand, to apply the solutions of the past to today's and tomorrow's security efforts. It can also be said that reaching the origins of safety is connected with determining the methods of eliminating and minimizing threats, and thus indicating the procedures providing an appropraite level of security. It's a utilitarian effect. In the cognitive context, it should be emphasized that the results of reaching the origins may serve to enrich the contemporary knowledge in the field of security. In both cases the procedures of avoiding mistakes made in the past are going to be worked out, especially that their sources are usually human mistakes having their origins in the lack of knowledge of past times. The considerations presented in the article allowed to determine the meaning of reaching the origins, its types and mutual relations between it and the diagnosis, monitoring and forecasting of security. In conclusion, the presented deliberations are summarized.

The past orbit of Halley’s comet

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 171-173
Author(s):  
T. Kiang
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Halley's Comet ◽  
Right Ascension ◽  
Perihelion Passage ◽  
Made In

I have re-examined the records in the Chinese“Standard Histories”on this famous object, including one set of relatively precise observations made in the year 837 A.D., which has only recently become available in an English translation (Ho 1962). This set, when properly interpreted, consists of the comet’s right ascension on 10 specified dates, given to the nearest half of a Chinese degree (1 Chinese degree = 360°/365.25). While the records of the other returns are not so precise, they can nevertheless be used with great advantage to determine the time of perihelion passage. These records provide an almost complete coverage back to the year 240 B.C.

Results of an Investigation into the effect of different valuation bases upon Surplus

1922 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-191
Author(s):  
C. H. Maltby
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Actual Experience ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Made In

Many investigations have been made in the past to ascertain the surplus, or the bonuses, which would arise with a given valuation basis, from different assumptions as to the actual experience and premiums of an office ; but there is little on record regarding similar efforts which may have been made to see how the surplus year after year would be varied by the introduction of different valuation bases, the other two factors remaining constant.

Neolithic Occupation Sites in East Kent

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Dunning
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Town Hall ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The Town ◽  
Made In ◽  
Neolithic Pottery

The purpose of this paper is to place on record several discoveries of Neolithic pottery and flint implements which have been made in East Kent during the past seventy years. The preservation of most of the pottery is due to our late Fellow Mr. W. P. D. Stebbing of Upper Deal, who also possessed a manuscript notebook kept by the late Captain C. F. Newington giving details of the finds. Mr. Stebbing also conducted a rescue excavation of the pit at Ramsgate, and kept the fragments of pot and parts of two human skulls. On the other hand, the bulk of the flint implements had been given on various occasions to the Corporation of Deal, and formed part of a collection of local antiquities housed in the Town Hall at Deal.

scholarly journals Subotica municipality as a learning region

Spatium ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 77-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Pantic
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Learning Region ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Looking Back ◽  
Local Surrounding ◽  
Made In

Some differences in territorial organization between Serbian and EU countries are obvious. The level of centralization and tradition in systems for implementation of ideas are differently back- grounded. However, these are the most important facts for the opportunity to realize Learning Region as a concept of the European future. There is no part of space that should be considered as unchangeable and the way to a better position and Learning Region concept implementation of each region in Serbia in practice should lead towards few necessary steps and further. The starting point is awareness of the facts on the creation of Subotica region as it is at present. The healthy future of each region is provided by looking back in the past and learning from the history. The other important thing is bench marking- learning on the positive and successful experiences of other regions, and finally, making its own concept of Learning Region adapted to local surrounding and true need of local people. Some experiences, suggestions and comparisons will be made in this case study, in relation to one of the Serbian municipalities nearest t to EU neighboring countries in a territorial way. .

Frog Fast Muscle

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. PENNYCUICK
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Fast Muscle ◽  
Mechanical Power Output ◽  
Tension Peak ◽  
Isometric Twitch ◽  
Tension Curves ◽  
Resting Muscle ◽  
Speed Of Shortening

1. The paper is primarily concerned with predicting the response of the muscle (frog ilio-fibularis fast fibres) to a given stimulus under given conditions of load. The predictive value of theories based on ‘active state’ is considered in this context. 2. A method is described for measuring the speed of shortening at frequent intervals during an isotonic twitch. 3. A family of speed vs. tension curves is drawn up, each curve representing a particular time after the stimulus. These are translated into power vs. tension curves. 4. The rate of fall of mechanical power output increases linearly with time after the stimulus, but is independent of tension. 5. At the beginning of the twitch, mechanical power output increases slightly with temperature, but later in the twitch the trend is reversed, as rate of fall of power also increases with temperature. 6. The high extensibility, characteristic of resting muscle, reappears suddenly at the end of an isotonic twitch, causing a ‘break’ in the speed record. This occurs earlier at low than at high tensions. 7. The basis of predicting an isometric twitch from isotonic data, based on certain assumptions which have been made by previous authors, is explained. 8. The tension peak in an isometric twitch is reached sooner than would be predicted on these assumptions.

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