The Composition of the Body Fat of Small Green Chironomids

1952 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-444
Author(s):  
D. N. GRINDLEY
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Terrestrial Insects

The body fat of the midge, Tanytarsus lewisi (Chironomidae), has been analysed, and has been found to contain major amounts of polyethenoid fatty acids normally associated with the fat of fish. It is interesting to note that this insect does all its feeding while in the larval stage on the bed of the river, under water, and that the body fat resembles that of algae, and plankton, which probably are the main sources of food, and differs considerably from the composition of most terrestrial insects hitherto recorded.

EFFECTS OF DIET ON THE COMPOSITION OF BODY FAT IN AGRIA AFFINIS (FALLÉN)

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Adequacy

When larvae of the parasitic fly Agria affinis (Fallén) were reared on fatty acid free diets, the characteristically high palmitoleic acid content of the body fats was much increased. Oleic acid in the diet was effective in reducing this, but not so effective as a mixture of fatty acids. The body fats still contained unusually high proportions of palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids even when a mixture of fatty acids was fed. These observations are related to earlier observations on the nutritional adequacy of various fatty acids.

scholarly journals Accumulation of dietary fish fatty acids in the body fat reserves of some carnivorous fur-bearing animals

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-489
Author(s):  
Kirsti Rouvinen ◽  
Jaakko Mäkelä ◽  
Tuomo Kiiskinen ◽  
Seppo Nummela
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Dietary Fish ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Body fat composition of the mink (Mustela vison), polecat (Mustela putorius), and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) was studied. The animals were fed a wet diet, supplemented with 5 % lard (LA) or fish oil (FO) for 5-6 months. At pelting, five animals per dietary group were sampled. Dietary levels of cetoleic (C22:1ω11), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, C20:5ω3), and docosahexaenoic (DHA, C22:6ω3) acids were 0.4, 0.3, and 0.5% in the fat of the LA diet, and 7.6, 4.2 and 4.3% in the FO diet, respectively. In the FO diet, EPA and DHA accumulated especially in the liver and heart, while cetoleic acid showed the highest affinity to the heart muscle and subcutaneous fat. The highest levels of EPA were found in raccoon dogs and polecats fed the FO diet. The mean EPA levels ranged from 6.7-9.3% in the liver fat and 7.2-8.0% in the heart muscle fat. In the mink, the corresponding values were 2.7% and 3.9%, respectively. DHA levels were the highest in the liver fat of the polecats, being 18.5% in the FO diet. In addition, the liver in raccoon dogs fed the FO diet (13.8%) differed significantly from themink (9.4%). The differences in the accumulation of these long-chained marine fatty acids were apparently caused by species differences in the efficiency of their peroxisomal β-oxidation.

scholarly journals Evaluations of the Antimicrobial Activities and Chemical Compositions of Body Fat from the AmphibiansLeptodactylus macrosternumMiranda-Ribeiro (1926) andLeptodactylus vastusAdolf Lutz (1930) in Northeastern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Eduardo Santos Cabral ◽  
Diógenes de Queiroz Dias ◽  
Débora Lima Sales ◽  
Olga Paiva Oliveira ◽  
Diego Alves Teles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Multiresistant Strains

Leptodactylus macrosternumandL. vastus(family: Leptodactylidae) are commonly encountered in the “Caatinga” biome in northern Brazil. The body fat ofL. vastusis used as a zootherapeutic for treating a number of human maladies. The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of the body fats ofL. macrosternumandL. vastusand to evaluate their antimicrobial activities as well as the ecological implications of their use in traditional folk medicine. Oils were extracted from body fat located in the ventral region ofL. macrosternum(OLM) andL. vastus(OLV) using hexane as a solvent. The fatty acids were identified by GC-MS. The antimicrobial activities of the oils, either alone or in combination with antibiotics and antifungal drugs, were tested on standard strains of microorganisms as well as on multiresistant strains ofEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus. OLM contained 40% saturated and 60% unsaturated fatty acids, while OLV contained 58.33% saturated and 41.67% unsaturated fatty acids. Our results indicated that both OLM and OLV demonstrated relevant antimicrobial activities (with MIC 256 μg/mL for both) againstPseudomonas aeruginosaandCandida krusei. However, no antimicrobial effects were observed when these oils were combined with antibiotics or antifungal drugs.

Effects in Rats of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids from Cottonseed Oil

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCY L. FAN ◽  
BARNEY W. HILTON ◽  
ALAN WOHLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Microsomal Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids ◽  
Feeding Diets

The effects of cyclopropenoid fatty acids naturally present in cottonseed oil have been investigated in rats by feeding diets containing 0, 60, 300, 600 and 3,000 μg of cyclopropenoid fatty acids/g for 3 and 6 months. At the end of 3 and 6 months of feeding, rats were sacrificed for histopathological and biochemical evaluations. Body weight, food consumption, physical appearance, organ weight, hematological profiles, histopathological indicators, liver microsomal protein, activity of NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase, and the hepatic contents of cytochromes P-450 and b5 were not distinctly different among the five groups of rats. However, there was a positive correlation between the amount of cyclopropenoid fatty acids deposited in the body fat and content of these fatty acids in the diets. The significance of these results is discussed.

Different physiological traits underlying increased body fat of fatty (fa/fa) and heterozygous (+/fa) rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. E100-E106 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Schwarzer ◽  
H. Doring ◽  
I. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Zucker Rat ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms

To find out whether the most characteristic physiological traits distinguishing suckling-age fa/fa pups from lean littermates also differ between +/+ and +/fa littermates, we analyzed the body composition and cold defense of 7- and 16-day-old pups and the plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and free fatty acids in 16-day-old pups. Zucker rat x Brown Norway hybrid pups were genotyped by using a molecular marker within 0.5 cM of the fa gene. At both ages the +/fa pups had significantly more body fat than their +/+ littermates. At 7 days this difference was as large as that between +/fa and fa/fa pups, but at 16 days it was only one-seventh of the fa/fa vs. +/fa difference. In contrast, there were no heterozygote differences for three parameters that show crucial abnormalities in the fa/fa pups: thermoregulatory thermogenesis and plasma concentrations of insulin and triglycerides. The physiological mechanisms underlying the increased fat content of +/fa pups thus differ from those known to fuel most of the excessive fat deposition of their fa/fa littermates.

scholarly journals The effect of six different C18 fatty acids on body fat and energy metabolism in mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Javadi ◽  
H. Everts ◽  
R. Hovenier ◽  
S. Kocsis ◽  
Æ. Lankhorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other

We studied the effects of five high-fat semi-purified diets varying at a 4 % (w/w) level in either stearic, oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, or γ-linolenic acid on body fat and energy metabolism in BALB/c mice. A diet containing caprylic, capric, lauric, and myristic acid was used as a reference diet and a diet with 4 % conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was used as a positive control as it is known to effectively lower body fat in mice. The diets were fed for 35 d. Body fat was significantly lower in the CLA group than in the other groups but was not significantly different among the non-CLA groups. Among the non-CLA groups, the linoleic acid group tended to have the highest and the α-linolenic acid group the lowest proportion of body fat. In energy-balance studies, the percentage of energy intake that was stored in the body was significantly lower in the CLA group compared with the other dietary groups. The percentage of energy intake eliminated in excreta was highest in the stearic acid group followed by the γ-linolenic acid group. These results were reflected in apparent fat digestibility, which was lowest in the stearic acid group. The percentage of energy intake expended as heat was highest in the CLA-fed mice. The results of the present study suggest that body fat and energy accretion in mice fed diets containing different C18 fatty acids is by far the lowest with CLA and that linoleic acid produced the highest fat intake and energy accretion.

scholarly journals Association between different types of plant-based diets and leptin levels in healthy volunteers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Gogga ◽  
Aleksandra Śliwińska ◽  
Ewa Aleksandrowicz-Wrona ◽  
Syliwa Małgorzewicz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Leptin is an important factor regulating appetite and energety metabolism; disturbances in its signaling are related to adiposity and contribute to the excessive body fat. About a third of the human population is overweight or suffers from obesity, as well as from associated medical conditions. It is well established that vegetarian, especially vegan, diet is very effective in lowering BMI and body fat, thus, plant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of leptin in lacto-ovo-vegetarian and vegan volunteers with normal BMI. The intake of energy and selected diet components such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and carbohydrates was also investigated. The study involved healthy women – 14 omnivores, 17 lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and 11 vegans. All women had a normal BMI (18.5-24.99). The plasma leptin levels were examined with immunoenzymatic test (ELISA). All participants were interviewed to estimate their nutrient intake by performing a 24-hour dietary recall. Both lacto-ovo-vegetarians and vegans had lower plasma leptin concentrations than their meat-consuming counterparts. Every analyzed diet group had a different body fat content, with the highest level in omnivores and the lowest in vegans. All participants had similar calorie, total fat, and total carbohydrates intake. Total PUFA and specifically omega-3 fatty acids consumption was lower in omnivores when compared to both types of plant diet; the same was found for fiber intake. Our results suggest that adopting a plant-based diet may be beneficial for energetic metabolism, as it significantly lowers the body fat storage and circulating leptin levels.

scholarly journals Effect of Nutrition on the Morphometric Markers in Spayed Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
T. Mihok ◽  
L. Bujňák ◽  
V. Mihok ◽  
N. Rovňanová
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Body Condition Scores

Abstract Obesity and overweight have been frequently observed in dogs in recent years as in humans. The compositions of fatty acids in the accumulated lipids in tissues of obese animals may have important roles in the process and mechanisms related to the onset of metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a vegetarian diet, which contained a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids on individual morphometric parameters in spayed dogs. Seven mongrel dogs without ideal body condition scores (average: 7.42) were fed vegetarian dog kibbles and received the daily amount of energy calculated with the following formula: 130 kcal × weight (kg) 0.75. The animals were evaluated on days 0 and 60 in relation to the body measurements, such as: body weight, metabolic body weight, body fat percentage, nape, rib, tail base, chest, and abdomen, using a plicometer. Also determined were the body condition scores (scale from 1—thin to 9—obese), canine body mass index, and their waist circumference. These data were analysed by the Student’s t-test. The body measurement variation of body fat percentage, waist circumference, body condition score and thickness values of the abdomen differed significantly (P < 0.01).

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF AVITAMINOSIS F

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
A. Levitsky ◽  
A. Lapinska ◽  
I. Selivanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The article analyzes the role of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 series in humans and animals. The biosynthesis of essential PUFA in humans and animals is very limited, so they must be consumed with food (feed). Тhe ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA is very important. Biomembranes of animal cells contain about 30% PUFA with a ratio of ω-6/ ω-3 1-2. As this ratio increases, the physicochemical properties of biomembranes and the functional activity of their receptors change. The regulatory function of essential PUFA is that in the body under the action of oxygenase enzymes (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) are formed extremely active hormone-like substances (eicosanoids and docosanoids), which affect a number of physiological processes: inflammation, immunity, metabolism. Moreover, ω-6 PUFA form eicosanoids, which have pro-inflammatory, immunosuppressive properties, and ω-3 PUFAs form eicosanoids and docosanoids, which have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties. Deficiency of essential PUFA, and especially ω-3 PUFA, leads to impaired development of the body and its state of health, which are manifestations of avitaminosis F. Prevention and treatment of avitaminosis F is carried out with drugs that contain PUFA. To create new, more effective vitamin F preparations, it is necessary to reproduce the model of vitamin F deficiency. An experimental model of vitamin F deficiency in white rats kept on a fat –free diet with the addition of coconut oil, which is almost completely free of unsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids make up almost 99 % of all fatty acids was developed. The total content of ω-6 PUFA (sum of linoleic and arachidonic acids), the content of ω-3 PUFA (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) in neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol esters) defined. Тhe content of ω-6 PUFA under the influence of coconut oil decreased by 3.3 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 7.5 times. Тhe influence of coconut oil, the content of ω-6 PUFA decreased by 2.1 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 2.8 times. The most strongly reduces the content of ω-3 PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic, coconut oil, starting from 5 %. Consumption of FFD with a content of 15 % coconut oil reduces the content of eicosapentaenoic acid to zero, ie we have an absolute deficiency of one of the most important essential PUFAs, which determined the presence of vitamin F deficiency.

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